CHAPTER IV (Contd.)

1. District : Muangkham

2. Village : Ban Hok ( Ban Khum)

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Boun Pheeng (CF SN - 09)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 5 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his 0.2 ha area fish pond. In additional 2.0 ha rice field he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 1.1 ha upland area he grows fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were first collected.

   Mr. Boun Pheeng started aquaculture in 1980. In 1991, he produced 40 kg fish from his 0.15 ha fish pond (200 kg/ha). The species of fish produced were mostly tilapia, carps and local species. From September 1992, the project got involved in organizing his fish culture activity by giving technical advice about pond preparation/fertilization, proper screening of water inlets and outlets, and stocking densities of selected species. He stocked his 0.15 ha fish pond with 1,500 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 2–5 g. After six months he harvested 50 kg fish (333.3 kg/ha/180 days) with a percentage recovery of 66.7 % (1,000 pcs). In January 1993, Mr. Boun Pheeng received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice on his pond fish culture activity. He re-stocked his 0.15 ha fish pond with 1,000 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (6,666.7 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 4–8 g. After six months he harvested 60 kg fish (400 kg/ ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 70 % (700 pcs). In 1994, Mr. Boun Pheeng stocked 2,000 tilapia and common carp fingerling in his 0.2 ha fish pond (10,000/ha) at an average size of 1–5 g. After six months he harvested 75 kg fish (375 kg/ha/180 days) with an average size of 53.5 g. Percentage recovery was 70 % (1,400 pcs).

   The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Boun Pheeng was on an average once in every month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 875,000 in 1991, K 890,000 in 1992 and K 905,000 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 905,000 included K 700,000 from sticky rice (7,000 kg) + K 60,000 from fish in pond (60 kg) + K 80,000 from livestock and K 65,000 from corns (300 kg) fruits and vegetables. While his 1994 income of K 1,362,500 includes K 700,000 from sticky rice (7,000 kg) + K 112,500 from fish (75 kg from pond and 13 kg in rice field). + K 225,000 from livestock and K 325,000 from fruits, vegetables, corns and other sources. However, it is evident that both the nutritional and economic conditions of the farmer's family improved by the adoption of improved fish farming activity.

8. Comments : Mr. Boun Pheeng is an enthusiastic farmer who willingly followed all the technical advice given by the project. He showed interest in aquaculture and shared his experiences with other farmers. His attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project will further refine the technology he's been applying to achieve higher fish production in the future.

1. District : Muangkham

2. Village : Ban Hok (Nathong)

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Pan Oun (CF SN - 10)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 9 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his 0.1 ha area fish pond. In additional 1.0 ha rice field he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.35 ha upland area he grows corn, fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were first collected. Mr. Pan Oun started aquaculture in 1992. From August 1992, the project got involved in assisting Mr. Pan Oun starting his fish culture activity by giving technical advice on pond preparation/fertilization, installation of proper screening at water inlets and outlets, and stocking densities of selected species. He stocked fish pond (0.1 ha) with 1,000 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 2–5 g. After six months he produced 20 kg fish (200 kg/ha/180 days) with a percentage recovery/survival rate of 50 % (5,00 pcs). In January 1993, Mr. Pan Oun received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice on his pond fish culture activity. He re-stocked his 0.1 ha fish pond with 500 tilapia and common carp fingerlings supplied free by the project (5,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 4.1 g. After six months he harvested 25 kg fish (250 kg/ ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 80 % (400 pcs). In 1994, Mr. Pan Oun stocked 550 tilapia and common carp fingerling in his 0.1 ha fish pond (5,500/ha) at an average size of 1–5 g. After six months he harvested 30 kg fish (300 kg/ha/180 days) with an average size of 78.1 g. Percentage recovery was 70 % (385 pcs).

   The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Pan Oun was on an average three times in every two month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 415,000 in 1991, K 440,000 in 1992 and K 445,000 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 445,000 included K 285,000 from sticky rice (2,850 kg) + K 25,000 from fish in pond (25 kg) + K 95,000 from livestock and K 40,000 from corns (500 kg) fruits and vegetables. While his 1994 income of K 685,000 includes K 220,000 from 2,200 kg sticky rice + K 140,000 from livestock and K 280,000 from fruits, vegetables, corns and other sources. However, it is evident that both the nutritional and economic conditions of the farmer's family improved by the adoption of improved fish farming activity.

8. Comments : Mr. Pan Oun is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project. He showed interest in aquaculture and shared his experiences with other farmers. His attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project will further refine the technology he's been applying aimed at achieving higher fish production in the future.

1. District : Muangkham

2. Village : Ban Hok (Nathong)

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Feng Vanh (CF SN - 11)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 14 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his 0.15 ha area fish pond. In additional 1.4 ha area he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.3 ha upland area he grows corns, fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were first collected. Mr. Feng Vanh started aquaculture in 1980. In 1991, he produced 20 kg fish from his 0.1 ha fish pond (200 kg/ha). The species of fish produced were mostly tilapia, common carps and some local species. From August 1992, the project got involved in organizing his fish culture activity by giving technical advice on pond preparation/fertilization, proper screening of water inlets and outlets, and stocking densities of selected species. He stocked his 0.1 ha fish pond with 1,000 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 2–5 g. After six months he harvested 25 kg fish (250 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 60 % (600 pcs). In January 1993, Mr. Feng Vanh received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice on his pond fish culture activity. He re-stocked his 0.1 ha fish pond with 500 pcs tilapia and common carp fingerlings (5,000 fish/ha) provided free by the project at an average stocking size of 4.1 g. After six months he harvested 30 kg fish (300 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 90 % (450 pcs). In 1994, Mr. Feng Vanh stocked 1,500 tilapia and common carpfingerling in his 0.15 ha fish pond (10,000/ha) at an average size of 1–5 g. After six months he harvested 60 kg fish (400 kg/ha/180 days) with an average size of 50.0 g. Percentage recovery was 80 % (1,200 pcs).

   The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Pan Oun was on an average three times in every two months.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 715,000 in 1991, K 725,000 in 1992 and K 735,000 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 735,000 included K 530,000 from sticky rice (5,000 kg from lowland and 300 kg from upland) + K 30,000 from fish in pond (30 kg) + K 120,000 from livestock and K 55,000 from corns (500 kg), fruits and vegetables. While his 1994 income of K 1,095,000 includes K 650,000 from sticky rice (6,500 kg) + K 90,000 from fish (60 kg in pond) + K 195,000 from livestock and K 160,000 from fruits, vegetables and other sources. However, it is evident that both the farmer's family nutritional and economic conditions improved by the adoption of improved fish farming practices.

8. Comments : Mr. Feng Vanh is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project. He showed interest in aquaculture and shared his experiences with other farmers. His attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project staff will further refine the technology he's been applying to improve his present level of fish production.

1. District : Muangkham

2. Village : Ban Hok (Nathong)

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Oun Kham (CF SN - 12)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 10 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his 0.15 ha area fish pond. In additional 1.7 ha rice field he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.3 ha upland area he grows corn, fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in July 1992 when the above general informations were collected.

   Mr. Oun Kham started aquaculture in 1976. In 1991 he produced 15 kg fish in his 0.06 ha fish pond (250 kg/ha). The species of fish produced were mostly tilapia, common carps and some local species. From August 1992, the project got involved in organizing his pond fish culture activity by giving technical advice on pond preparation/ fertilization, fish feeding, proper screening at water inlets and outlets and stocking densities of selected species. He stocked his 0.06 ha fish pond with 600 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 3–5 g. After six months he produced 20 kg fish (333.3 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery/survival rate of 50 % (5,00 pcs). In January 1993, Mr. Oun Kham received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice on his pond fish culture activity. He re-stocked his 0.06 ha fish pond with 500 pcs common carp fingerlings supplied free by the project (8,333.3/ha) at an average stocking size of 4.1 g. After six months he harvested 22 kg fish (366.7 kg/ ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 80 % (400 pcs). In 1994, Mr. Oun Kham stocked 1,000 tilapia and common carp fingerlings into his 0.15 ha fish pond (6,666.7/ha) at an average size of 3–5 g. After six months he harvested 80 kg fish (533.3 kg/ha/180 days) with an average size of 94.39 g. Percentage recovery was 85 % (850 pcs).

   The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Oun Kham was on an average once every month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 570,000 in 1991, K 580,000 in 1992 and K 588,000 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 588,000 included K 500,000 from sticky rice (5,000 kg) + K 22,000 from fish (22 kg from pond) + K 16,000 from livestock and K 50,000 from fruits, vegetables and corns (200 kg). While his 1994 income of K 600,000 from 6,000 kg sticky rice + K 120,000 from 80 kg fish in pond + K 160,000 from livestock and K 205,000 from fruits, vegetables, corns and other sources. However, it is evident that both the nutritional and economic conditions of the farmer's family improved by the adoption of improved fish farming activity.

8. Comments : Mr. Oun Kham is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project staff. He showed interest in aquaculture and shared his experiences with other farmers. His attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project will further refine the technology he's been applying to improve his present level of fish production.

1. District : Muangkham

2. Village : Ban Ban

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Khampha (CF SN - 13)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 4 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his 0.03 ha area fish pond. In additional 2.1 ha rice field he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.08 ha upland area he grows corns, fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were first collected. Mr. Khampha started aquaculture in 1989. In 1991, he produced 5 kg fish (166.6 kg/ha) in his 0.03 ha fish pond. The species of fish produced were mostly tilapia, common carps and some local species. From August 1992, the project got involved in organizing his pond fish culture activity by giving technical advice on pond preparation/ fertilization, fish feeding, proper screening of water inlets and outlets and stocking densities of selected species. He stocked 0.03 ha fish pond with 300 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000/ha) with stocking size of 2–5 g. After six months he harvested 8 kg fish (266.7 kg/ ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 50 % (150 pcs). In January 1993, Mr. Khampha received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice on his pond fish culture activity. He re-stocked his 0.03 ha fish pond with 300 pcs tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000/ha) at a stocking size of 5–6 g. After six months he harvested 9 kg fish (300 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 66.7 % (200 pcs). In 1994, Mr. Khampha stocked 300 tilapia and common carp fingerlings in his 0.03 ha fish pond (10,000/ha) at an average size of 3–5 g. After six months he harvested 10 kg fish (333.3 kg/ha/180 days) with an average size of 66.7 g. Percentage recovery was 50 % (150). The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Khampha was on an average two times in a month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 865,000 in 1991, K 878,000 in 1992 and K 884,000 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 884,000 included K 600,000 from sticky rice (6,000 kg) + K 9,000 from fish in pond (9 kg) + K 270,000 from livestock and K 5,000 from fruits and vegetables. While his 1994 income of K 1,404,000 include K 700,000 from 7,000 kg sticky rice + K 15,000 from 10 kg fish in pond + K 507,000 from livestock and K 182,000 from fruits, vegetables and other sources. However, it is evident that both the nutritional and economic conditions of the farmer's family had improved by the adoption of improved fish farming activity.

8. Comments : Mr. Khampha is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project. He showed interest in aquaculture and shared his experiences with other farmers. His attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project staff will further refine the technology he's been applying to improve his present level of fish production.

1. District : Muangkham

2. Village : Ban Bane

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Boun (CF SN - 14)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 7 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his 0.03 ha area fish pond. In additional 0.9 ha rice field he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.02 ha upland area he grows fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming activity plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were first collected. Mr. Boun started aquaculture in 1989. In 1991, he produced 5 kg fish from his 0.03 ha fish pond. The species of fish produced were mostly tilapia, carps and local species. From August 1992, the project got involved in organizing his pond fish culture by giving technical advice on pond preparation, fertilization, proper screening of water outlets and inlets, and stocking densities of selected species. He stocked his 0.03 ha fish pond with 300 pcs tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 1–5 g. After six months he harvested 6 kg fish (200 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 40 % (120 pcs). In January 1993, Mr. Boun received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice on his pond fish culture activity. He restocked his 0.03 ha fish pond with 300 pcs tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 3–5 g. After six months he harvested 7 kg fish (233.3 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 50 % (150 pcs). In 1994, Mr. Boun decided not to culture fish due to rampant poaching prevalent in his farm area. The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Boun was on an average three times in every two months.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 545,000 in 1991, K 551,000 in 1992 and K 554,000 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 554,000 included K 500,000 from sticky rice (5,000 kg) + K 7,000 from fish in pond (7 kg) + K 37,000 from livestock and K 10,000 from fruits and vegetables. While the 1994 income of K 985,000 includes K 350,000 from 3,500 kg sticky rice + K 225,000 from livestock and K 410,000 from fruits, vegetables, and other sources. However, it is evident that both the nutritional and economic conditions of the farmer's family improved by the adoption of improved fish farming activity during the previous years.

8. Comments : Mr. Boun is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project. He showed interest in aquaculture and shared his experiences with other farmers. His attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project will further refine the technology he's been applying to improve his present level of fish production.

1. District : Muangkham

2. Village : Ban Bane

3. Name of farmer : Mr. BoutDy (CF SN - 15)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 8 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his just developed 0.1 ha area fish pond. In additional 0.4 ha area rice field he grows sticky rice without fish. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock and salary from government service.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were first collected. Mr. Bout Dy started aquaculture in 1993. In January 1993, Mr. Bout Dy received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice on pond preparation/ fertilization, proper screening of water inlets and outlets, and stocking densities of selected species in both fish pond and rice-cum-fish culture. The project supplied him free 200 common carp fingerlings in which he stocked in his 0.035 ha rice field (5,714.3 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 5.3 g. After six months he harvested 6.39 kg fish (182.6 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 58 % (115 pcs). However, introduction of snakeheads was unavoided and during fish harvest 2 kg of snakeheads were collected which added to the total fish production of 8.39 kg/ha or 239.7 kg/ha. Mr. Bout Dy developed a 0.1 ha area fish pond late this year 1993 and has no fish production yet. In 1994, Mr. Bout Dy stocked 1,000 tilapia and common carp fingerlings in his 0.1 ha fish pond (10,000/ha) at an average size of 5–10 g. After six months he harvested 75.2 kg fish (600 kg/ha/180 days) with an average size of 75.2 g. Percentage recovery was 80 % (800 pcs). In this year, he did not engaged in culture of fish with rice. The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Bout Dy was on an average once in every month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 790,000 in 1991, K 800,000 in 1992 and K 816,390 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 816,390 included K 300,000 from sticky rice (3,000 kg) + K 6,390 from fish in pond (6.39 kg from rice field) + K 10,000 from livestock and K 500,000 from salary of government service. While his 1994 income of K 1,412,500 include K 250,000 from 2,500 kg sticky rice + K 90,000 from 60 kg fish in pond + K 22,500 from livestock and K 1,050,000 from fruits, vegetables and joint salaries of husband and wife from government service. However, it is evident that the adoption of improved fish farming activity have contributed to the improvement of farmer's family nutritional and economic conditions thru fish production for food and added income.

8. Comments : Mr. Bout Dy is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project. He has shown interest in aquaculture thru initial adoption of rice-cum-fish and fish culture in pond activities. His attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project will further refine the technology he's been applying to improve his initial fish production.

1. District : Muangkham

2. Village : Ban Bane (Alongpieu)

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Amphone (CF SN - 16)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with no family yet. He is employed in the military service and have just practiced fish culture in his newly developed 0.04 ha area fish pond. In additional 3.0 ha rice field he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.5 ha upland area he grows fruits and vegetables. His total personal income came from the above farming practices plus salary from military service.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted Mr. Amphone in 1993 when the above general informations were collected. He started aquaculture late in 1993. In January 1993, He received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work and in June 1993 he again received another training on fish seed production organized by the project at KhangPho Fish Farm for 7 days. Mr. Amphone was given detailed technical advice by the project staff on fish pond preparation, fertilization, stocking densities of selected species and proper screening of water inlets and outlets. He starting developing a 0.04 ha area fish pond late in 1993 and has no fish production yet for this year. In 1994, Mr. Amphone stocked 200 tilapia fingerlings in his 0.04 ha fish pond (5,000/ha) at an average size of 5–10 g. After six months he harvested 15 kg fish (375 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery 90 % (180 pcs). The average size at harvest was 83.3 g. The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Amphone was on an average once in every two months.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of Mr. Amphone was K 500,000 in 1991, K 520,000 in 1992 and K 531,000 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 531,000 included K 300,000 from sticky rice (3,000 kg) + K 75,000 from fruits and vegetables and K 156,000 from salary of military service. While his 1994 income of K 701,500 includes K 150,000 from 1,500 kg sticky rice + K 22,500 from 15 kg fish + K 105,000 from livestock and K 424,000 from fruits, vegetables, and salary from military service.

8. Comments : Mr. Amphone is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project staff. He had just started engaging in fish pond culture activity and was assured of all possible technical assistance from the project depending on his keen interest and performance.

1. District : Muangkham

2. Village : Ban Bane

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Khomsack (CF SN - 17)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 3 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his 0.025 ha area fish pond. In additional 0.6 ha upland area he grows fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock and salary from government service.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in July 1992 when the above general informations were collected. Mr. Khomsack started aquaculture in 1984. In 1991, he produced 10 kg fish from his 0.025 ha area fish pond. The species of fish produced were mostly tilapia, common carps and some local species. From July 1992, the project got involved in organizing his fish culture activity by giving technical advice on proper screening of water inlets and outlets, stocking densities of selected species, pond preparation and fertilization, and maintenance of desired water depth. He stocked his 0.025 ha fish pond with 250 pcs tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000 fish/ha) at a stocking size of 4–5 g. After six months he harvested 13 kg fish (520 kg/ ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 60 % (150 pcs). In January 1993, Mr. Khomsack received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice on his pond fish culture activity. He re-stocked his 0.025 ha fish pond with 175 pcs common carp fingerlings supplied free by the project (7,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 5–3 g. After six months he harvested 15 kg fish (600 kg/ha/ 180 days) with percentage recovery of 87.4 % (153 pcs). In 1994, Mr. Khomsack stocked his 0.025 ha fish pond with 150 tilapia and common carp fingerlings at an average size of 12 g (6,000/ha). After six months he harvested 20 kg fish (800 kg/ha/180 days) with an average size of 137.9 g. Percentage recovery was 96.7 % (145 pcs). The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Khomsack was on an average two times in every month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 711,000 in 1991, K 714,000 in 1992 and K 716,000 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 716,000 included K 15,000 from fish in pond (15 kg) + K 61,000 from livestock + K 200,000 fruits and vegetables and K 440,000 from salary of Government service and other sources. While his 1994 income of K 1,119,750 includes K 30,000 from 20 kg fish in pond + K 135,000 from livestock + K 254,750 from fruits and vegetables and K 700,000 from salary in Government service and other sources. However, it is evident that the adoption of improved fish farming activity have contributed to the improvement of the family's nutritional and economic condition thru better fish production for food and added income.

8. Comments : Mr. Khomsack is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project seriously. He had shown deep interest in aquaculture and shared his experiences with other farmers. His attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project will in the future further improve his present level of fish production.

1. District : Muangkham

2. Village : Ban Chomthong

3. Name of farmer : Mrs. Khammouane (CF SN - 18)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond.

5. General informations : She is a poor farmer with 8 members in the family. She practices culture of fish in pond her 0.05 ha area fish pond. In additional 0.8 ha area rice field she grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.3 ha upland area she grows corn, fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted her in August 1992 when the above general informations were collected.

   Mrs. Khammouane started aquaculture in 1968. In 1991, she produced 10 kg fish in her 0.05 ha area fish pond. The species of fish produced were mostly tilapia, common carps and local species. From August 1992, the project g o t involved in organizing her fish culture activity by giving technical advice on pond preparation, fertilization, stocking densities of selected species and proper screening of water inlets and outlets. She stocked her 0.05 ha fish pond with 500 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000/ha) at a stocking size of 3–5 g. After six months she harvested 13 kg fish (260 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 50 % (250 pcs). In January 1993, Mrs. Khammouane received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice by the project staff on her fish culture activity. She re-stocked 400 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (8,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 4–5 g. After six months she harvested 15 kg fish (300 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 75 % (300 pcs). In 1994, Mrs. Khammouane didn't engage in fish culture activity after she underwent surgical operation. The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mrs. Khammouane was on an average once in every month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 480,000 in 1991, K 493,000 in 1992, and K 498,000 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 498,000 included K 170,000 from sticky rice (1,700 kg) + K 15,000 from fish + K 248,000 from livestock and K 65,000 from vegetables, fruits and corns. While the 1994 income of K 525,000 includes K 230,000 from 2,300 kg sticky rice + K 150,000 from livestock and K 145,000 from fruits, vegetables, corns and other sources. However, it is evident that both the nutritional and economic conditions of the farmer's family improved by the adoption of improved fish farming practices thru production of fish for food and added income during the previous years.

8. Comments : Mrs. Khammouane is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project. She showed interest in aquaculture and shared her experiences with other farmers. Her attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project staff will further improve the technology she's been applying to achieve much higher fish production in the future.

1. District : Muangkham

2. Village : Ban Chomthong

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Somkeo (CF SN - 19)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond and Rice-cum Fish Culture.

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 7 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his 0.15 ha area pond and culture of fish with rice in his 0.02 ha area rice field. In additional 1.0 ha rice field he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.06 ha upland area he grows fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were first collected. Mr. Somkeo started aquaculture in 1975. In 1991, he produced 5 kg fish from his 0.015 ha bomb crater pond (333.3/ha). The species of fish produced were mostly tilapia, carps and local species. From August 1992, the project got involved in organizing his fish culture activity by giving technical advice on pond preparation, fertilization, proper screening of water inlets and outlets, and stocking densities of selected species. He stocked his 0.015 ha fish pond with 150 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 6–8 g. After six months he harvested 7 kg fish (466.7 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 60 % (90 pcs). In January 1993, Mr. Somkeo received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice on his pond fish culture activity including the start of his rice-cum-fish culture. He restocked his 0.015 ha fish pond with 100 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (6,666.7 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 5–7 g. After six months he harvested 7 kg fish (466.7 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 90 % (90 pcs). In his rice-cum-fish culture activity. He stocked his 0.1 ha area rice field with 160 pcs common carp fingerling supplied free by the project (1,600 fish/ha) at an average size of 5.3 g. After 81 days he harvested 10.21 kg fish (102.1 kg/ha/81 days) with percentage recovery of 89.3 % (143 pcs). In 1994, Mr. Somkeo stocked 1,500 tilapia and common carp fingerlings in his expanded 0.15 ha fish pond (10,000/ha) at an average size of 5–10 g. After six months he harvested 60 kg fish (400 kg/ha/180 days) with an average size of 50.0 g. Percentage recovery was 80 % (1,200 pcs). While in his 0.02 ha rice field, he stocked 150 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (7,500/ha) at an average size of 3–5 g. After 72 days he harvested 5 kg fish (250 kg/ ha/72 days) with an average size of 43.9 g. Percentage recovery was 76 %. The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Somkeo was on an average two times in every month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 756,000 in 1991, K 757,000 in 1992 and K 779,210 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 779,210 included K 250,000 from sticky rice (2,500 kg) + K 17,210 from fish (7 kg from pond and 10.21 kgs from rice field) + K 97,000 from livestock and K 125,000 from fruits and vegetables and K 290,000 from salary of government service and other sources. While the 1994 income of K 2,278,000 includes K 300,000 from 3,000 kg sticky rice + K 97,500 from 60 kg fish in pond and 5 kg fish from rice field + K 435,000 from livestock + 210,000 from fruits, vegetables and corn and K 1,236,000 from salary, small business and other sources. However, it is evident that both the nutritional and economic conditions of the farmer's family improved by the adoption of improved fish farming activity.

8. Comments : Mr. Somkeo is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project. He showed much interest in aquaculture and shared his experiences with other farmers. His attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project will further refine the technology he's been applying for better fish production in the future.

1. District : Muangkham

2. Village : Ban Chomthong

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Khamdy (CF SN - 20)

4. Main farming system : Rice-cum-Fish Culture

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 9 members in the family. He practices culture of fish with rice in his 0.05 ha area rice field. In 2.0 ha rice field he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.01 ha upland area he grows fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were first collected. Mr. Khamdy started aquaculture in 1993. In the same year he was given detailed technical advice by the project staff in his rice-cum-fish culture activity which included proper screening of water inlets and outlets, rice field preparation, stocking density and maintenance of desired water depth for the benefit of rice and fish as well. The project supplied him free 175 common carp fingerlings to stock in his 0.05 ha rice field (3,500 fish/ha at an average stocking size of 5.3 g). After 81 days he harvested 7.5 kg fish (150 kg/ha/81 days) with percentage recovery of 85.7 % (150 pcs).

   The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Khamdy was on an average three times in every two months.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 485,000 in 1991, K 485,000 in 1992 and K 492,500 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 492,500 included K 450,000 from sticky rice (4,500 kg) + K 7,500 from fish in pond (7.5 kg in rice field) + K 30,000 from livestock and K 5,000 from fruits and vegetables. While his 1994 income of K      includ K      from      kg from sticky rice + K      from      kg fish in ricefield + K      from livestock and K      from fruits and vegetables and other sources. However, it is evident the production of fish in the rice field had contributed to the nutritional and economic conditions of the farmer's family thru food for the table and added income.

8. Comments : Mr. Khamdy is an enthusiastic contact farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project. He showed interest in aquaculture and conferred experiences with other farmers. He was assured of any possible technical assistance from the project depending on his continued interest and performance.

1. District : Muangkham

2. Village : Ban Chomthong

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Khamphet (CF SN - 21)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 5 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his 0.02 ha area fish pond. In additional 1.2 ha area ricefield he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.05 ha upland area he grows fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus salary from government service and other sources.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in 1983. In 1991 he produced 5 kg fish in his 0.02 ha fishpond. The species of fish produced were mostly tilapia, carps and some local species. From August 1992 the project got involved in organizing his fish culture activity by giving technical advice on pond preparation, stocking densities of selected species, pond fertilization and fish feeding, and proper screening of water inlets and outlets. He stocked his 0.02 ha fish pond with 200 pcs tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000/ha) at an average size of 5–7 g. After six months he harvested 7 kg fish (350 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery 50 % (100 pcs). In January 1993, Mr. Khamphet received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was given detailed technical advice on his pond fish culture activity. He re-stocked his 0.02 ha fish pond with 150 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (7,500 fish/ha) which included 60 pcs common carp fingerlings supplied free by the project staff at an average stocking size of 5–7 g. After six months he harvested 10 kg fish (500 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 80 % (120 pcs). In 1994, Mr. Khamphet stocked 200 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000/ha) at an average size of 3–5 g. After six months he harvested 15 kg fish (750 kg/ha/180 days) with an average size of 93.75 g. Percentage recovery was 80 % (160 pcs). The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Khamphet was on an average two times in every month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 920,000 in 1991, K 927,000 in 1992 and K 935,000 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 935,000 included K 600,000 from sticky rice (6,000 kg) + K 10,000 from fish in pond (10 kg) + 95,000 from livestock + K 30,000 from fruits and vegetables and K 200,000 from salary of government service and other sources. While his 1994 income of K 996,500 includes none from rice + K 22,500 from 15 kg fish in pond + (nothing from livestock) + K 110,000 from fruits and vegetables and K 864,000 from salary and small business. However, it is evident that the adoption of improved fish farming practices have contributed to the improvement of the farmer's family nutritional and economic conditions by the production of fish for food and added income.

8. Comments : Mr. Khamphet is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project staff. He showed interest in aquaculture and shared experiences with other farmers. His attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project staff will further refine the technology he's been applying to achieve much higher fish production.

1. District : Muangkham

2. Village : Ban Youne (Kong)

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Toi (CF SN - 22)

4. Main farming system : Rice-cum-fish Culture.

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 7 members in the family. He practices fish culture with rice in his 0.08 ha area ricefield. In additional 1.1 ha ricefield he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.4 ha upland areas he grows corns, fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock and driving a transport vehicle.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were collected. He started culture of fish with rice in 1993. In February 1993, his wife (Mrs. Chanthavilay) attended the 3 day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year Mr. Toi was given detailed technical advice in his rice-cum-fish culture activity which included rice field preparation, stocking densities of selected species, proper screening of water inlets and outlets and maintaining the desired water depth of his rice field for benefit of the rice and fish as well. He restocked his 0.08 ha ricefield with 260 pcs common carp fingerlings provided free by the project (3,250 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 5.3 g. After almost three months he harvested 12.25 kg fish (153.1 kg/ha/87 days) with percentage survival of 75 % (196 pcs). In 1994, Mr. Toi let water into his rice field and culture the fish continuously for six months. During harvest, Mr. Toi got 50 kg fish (625 kg fish/ha 180 days) with an average size of 142.9 g. Percentage recovery was 77.8 % (350 pcs). The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Toi was on an average once in every month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 850,000 in 1991, K 870,000 in 1992 and K 892,250 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 892,250 included K 300,000 from sticky rice (3,000 kg) + K 12,250 from fish in rice field (12.25 kg) + K 160,000 from livestock + K 320,000 from fruits and vegetables and K 100,000 from driving taxi. While his 1994 income of K 902,500 includes K 300,000 from sticky rice (3,000 kg) + K 75,000 from 50 kg fish in ricefield + K 77,500 from livestock + K 450,000 form fruits and vegetables and other sources. However, it is evident that the adoption of improved fish farming practices have contributed to the improvement of the farmer's family nutritional and economic conditions by the production of fish for food and added income.

8. Comments : Mr. Toi is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project staff. He showed interest in aquaculture and conferred his experiences with other farmers. It is foreseen that his attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project will further refine the technology he's been applying aimed at achieving much higher fish production in the future.

1. District : Muangkhoune

2. Village : Ban Youne (Ban Kong)

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Thongta (CF SN - 23)

4. Main farming system : Rice-cum-Fish Culture & Fish Pond Culture

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 9 members in the family. He practices culture of fish with rice in his 0.045 ha area rice field and fish culture in his 0.001 ha pond. In additional 1.4 ha rice field he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.1 ha upland area he grows corns, fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in 1992 August when the above general informations were first collected. He started culturing fish with rice in 1992. From August 1992, the project got involved in organizing his fish culture activity by giving technical advice on rice-cum-fish which included ricefield preparation, proper screening of water inlets and outlets, stocking densities of selected species and maintaining the desired water depth for the benefit of rice and fish as well. He stocked his 0.16 ha ricefield with 800 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (5,000/ha) at an average stocking size of 3–5 g. After three months he harvested 5 kg fish (31.25 kg/ha/90 days) with percentage recovery of 30 % (240 pcs). In February 1993, Mr. Thongta received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice on his rice-cum-fish culture activity. He re-stocked his 0.16 ha ricefield with 530 pcs common carp fingerlings supplied free by the project (3,312.5 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 5.3 g. After 82 days he harvested 6.94 kg fish (43.4 kg/ha) with percentage recovery of 47 % (250 pcs). In 1994, Mr. Thongta stocked his 0.001 ha fishpond with 150 tilapia and common carp fingerlings at an average size of 1–5 g. After six months he harvested 5 kg fish (500 kg/ha/180 days) with an average size of 55.6 g. Percentage recovery was 60 % (95 pcs). While in his 0.045 ha ricefield he stocked 150 common carp fingerlings (3,333.3/ha) at an average size 2.0 g. On 13 September, his rice plot was overflooded and lost all his fish stocks. The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Thongta was on an average once in every month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 600,000 in 1991, K 615,000 in 1992 and K 621,940 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 621,940 included K 250,000 from sticky rice (2,500 kg) + K 6,940 from fish in ricefield (6.94 kg) + K 65,000 from livestock + K 300,000 from corns fruits and vegetables. While his 1994 income of K 813,500 include K 300,000 from 3,000 kg sticky rice + K 7,500 from 7 kg/fish in pond + K 308,000 from livestock and K 198,000 from fruits, vegetables and income from other sources. However, it is evident that the adoption of improved fish farming practices contributed to the farmer's family nutritional and economic conditions thru production of fish for food and added income.

1. District : Muangkhoune

2. Village : Ban Youne (Kosy)

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Somboun (CF SN - 24)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 5 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his 0.02 ha area fish pond. In additional 0.6 ha rice field he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.02 ha upland area he grows corn, fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock and wife's salary from teaching profession

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were collected. He started aquaculture in 1975. In 1991 he produced 4 kg fish in his 0.02 ha (200 kg/ha). The species of fish produced were tilapia, common carps and some local species. From August 1992, the project got involved in organizing his fish culture activities by giving technical advice on pond preparation/fertilization, proper screening at water inlets and outlets and stocking densities of selected species. He stocked his 0.02 ha pond with 100 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 5–10 g. After six months he harvested 5 kg fish (250 kg/ha/ 180 days) with percentage of 50 % (100 pcs). In February 1993, Mr. Somboun received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice on his pond fish culture activity. He re-stocked his 0.02 ha pond with 150 pcs tilapia and common carp fingerlings (7,500/ha) at an average stocking size of 5–10 g. After six months he harvested 6 kg fish (300 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 66.7 % (100 pcs). In 1994, Mr. Somboun stocked 200 tilapia and common carp fingerlings into his 0.02 ha fish pond (10,000/ha) at an average size of 3–5 g. After nine months he harvested 5 kg fish (250 kg/ha/270 days) with an average size of 50.0 g. Percentage recovery was 50 % (100 pcs). The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Somboun was on an average once in every month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 534,000 in 1991, K 545,000 in 1992 and K 551,000 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 551,000 included K 150,000 from sticky rice (1,500 kg) + K 6,000 from fish in his pond (6 kg) + K 95,000 from livestock and K 50,000 from fruits and vegetables and K 250,000 from income of wife's teaching profession. While his 1994 income of K 1,186,500 include K 150,000 from 1,500 kg sticky rice + K 7,500 from 5 kg fish + K 499,000 from livestock and K 530,000 from fruits, vegetables, salary and other sources. However, it is evident that the adoption of improved fish farming activity have contributed to the farmer's family economic the nutritional conditions thru production of fish for food and added income.

8. Comments : Mr. Somboun is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project staff. He showed interest in aquaculture and shared experiences with other farmers. His attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project will further refine the technology he's been applying to achieve much higher fish production in the future.

1. District : Muangkhoun

2. Village : Ban Youne/Kosy

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Ounkham (CF SN - 25)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 9 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his 0.072 ha fish pond and culture of fish with rice in his 0.14 ha area ricefield. In additional 1.7 ha rice field he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 1.0 ha upland area he grows corns, fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming system plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were first collected. He started fish culture in 1983. In 1991, he produced 5 kg fish in his 0.072 ha area fish pond (69.4 kg/ha). The species of fish produced were mostly tilapia, carps and local species. From August 1992, the project got involved in organizing his pond fish culture activity by giving technical advice on pond preparation, proper screening of water inlets and outlets and stocking densities of selected species. He stocked his 0.072 ha fish pond with 700 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000/ha) with stocking size of 2–5 g. After six months he harvested 7 kg fish (97.2 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 42.8 % (300 pcs). In February 1993, Mr. Ounkham received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice on his pond fish culture activity and including the start of his rice-cum-fish culture. He restocked his 0.072 ha fish pond with 500 pcs tilapia and common carp fingerlings (6,944.4/ha) at an average stocking size of 2–5 g. After six months he harvested 10 kg fish (138.9 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 80 % (400 pcs). In 1994, Mr. Ounkham stocked 800 tilapia and common carp fingerlings in his 0.072 ha fish pond (11,111/ ha). After six months he harvested 30 kg fish (416.7 kg/ ha/180 days) with an average size of 50.0 g. Percentage recovery was 75 % (600). In the same year, he also tried rice-cum-fish culture by stocking 300 tilapia and common carp fingerlings into 0.14 ha rice-field (2,142.9/ha). But in 13 September his ricefield areas overflooded and all the fish stocks lost. The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Ounkham was on an average twice in a month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 865,000 in 1991, K 878,000 in 1992 and K 903,500 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 903,500 included K 350,000 from sticky rice (3,500 kg) + K 25,500 from fish (10 kg from pond and 15.5 kg from ricefield) + K 363,000 from livestock and K 165,000 from fruits, vegetables and corns. While his 1994 income of K 1,088,500 include K 450,000 from 4,500 kg sticky rice + K 45,000 from 30 kg fish in pond + 378,500 from livestock and K 215,000 from fruits, vegetables, and other sources. However, it is evident that both the nutritional and economic conditions of the farmer's family improved by the adoption of improved fish farming activity.

8. Comments : Mr. Ounkham is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project. He showed interest in aquaculture and shared his experiences with other farmers. His attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project staff will further refine the technology he's been applying to achieve much higher fish production in the future.

1. District : Muangkhoune

2. Village : Ban Youne/Kosy

3. Name of farmer : Mr. BounNam (CF SN - 26)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond and Rice-cum-Fish Culture.

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 7 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his 0.175 ha area fish pond and culture of fish with rice in his 0.05 ha area ricefield. In additional 2.0 ha rice field he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.5 ha upland area he grows corns, fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were first collected. Mr. BounNam started aquaculture in 1990. In 1991, he produced 30 kg fish from his 0.175 ha fish pond (171.4 kg/ ha). The species of fish produced were mostly tilapia and common carps with some local species. From 1992 August, the project got involved in organizing his fish culture activities by giving technical advice on stocking densities of selected species, screening of water inlets and outlets, pond preparation/fertilization and fish feeding. He stocked his 0.175 ha fishpond with 1,750 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000/ha) at an average stocking size of 2–5 g. After six months he harvested 35 kg fish (200 kg/ ha/180 days with a percentage recovery/survival of 68.6 % (1,200 pcs). In January 1993, Mr. BounNam received 3-day training organized by the project which also included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice on his fish culture activities. He restocked his 0.175 ha fish pond with 1,500 pcs tilapia and common carp fingerlings (8,5711.4/ha) at an average stocking size of 3–5 g. After six months he harvested 40 kg fish (228.6 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery/survival rate of 66.7 % (1,000 pcs). In his 0.12 ha area rice field he initially stocked 400 pcs common carp fingerlings provided free by the project (333.3/ha) at an average stocking size of 5.3 g. After 88 days he harvested 20 kg fish (166.7 kg/ha/88 days) with percentage recovery/survival rate of 60 % (240 pcs). In 1994, Mr. BounNam stocked 1,000 tilapia and common carp fingerlings in his 0.175 ha fish pond (5,714/ha) at an average size of 1-5 g. After six months he harvested 60 kg fish (342.9 kg/ha/180 days) with an average size of 75.0 g. Percentage recovery was 80 % (800). While his 0.05 ha ricefield, he stocked 150 common carp fingerlings (3,000/ha) at an average size of 2–5 g. After three months he harvested 6.5 kg (130 kg/ha/90 days with an average size of 50.0 g. Percentage recovery was 87 % (130). The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. BounNam was on an average two times in every month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 170,000 in 1991, K 685,000 in 1992, and K 745,000 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 745,000 included K 400,000 from sticky rice (4,000 kg) + K 68,000 from fish (40 kg from pond and 20 kg from rice field) + K 210,000 from livestock and K 67,500 from corns (150 kg), fruits and vegetables. While his 1994 income of K 1,330,250 include K 450,000 from 4,500 kg sticky rice + K 99,750 from fish in pond (60 kg) and rice field (6.5 kg) + K 507,500 from livestock and K 273,000 from fruits, vegetables and income from other sources. However, it is evident that both the nutritional and economic conditions of the farmer's family improved by the adoption of improved fish farming activities.

8. 8. Comments : Mr. BounNam is an enthusiastic farmer who willingly followed all the technical advice given by the project. He had shown deep interest in aquaculture and shared experiences with other farmers. His performance, attitude and continued technical advice by the project will in the future increase his present level of fish production.

1. District : Muangkhoune

2. Village : Ban Youne (Kosy)

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Thi Souk (CF SN - 27)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 8 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in his 0.05 ha pond and culture of fish with rice in his 0.05 ha ricefield. In additional 4.0 ha ricefield he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.5 ha upland area he grows fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were collected. He started aquaculture in 1986. In 1991 he produced 8 kg fish in his 0.05 ha area fish pond (160 kg/ha). The species of fish produced were mostly tilapia, carps and some local species. From August 1992 the project got involved in organizing his fish culture activity by giving technical advice on pond preparation/fertilization, proper screening of water inlets and outlets and stocking densities of selected species. He stocked his 0.05 ha fish pond with 500 pcs tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000 fish/ha) at a stocking size of 5-10 g. After six months he harvested 9 kg fish (180 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 60 % (300 pcs). In February 1993, Mr. Thi Souk received 3-day training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was given detailed technical advice on his pond fish culture activity including a start of his rice-cum-fish culture. He restocked his 0.05 ha fish pond with 400 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (8,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 5–10 g. After six months he harvested 10 kg fish (200 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 87.5 % (350 pcs). In his rice-cum-fish culture activity, he stocked his 0.05 ha area ricefield with 200 common carp fingerlings supplied free by the project (4,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 5.3 g. After 77 days he harvested 2.71 kg fish (54.2 kg/ha/77 days) with percentage recovery of 29 % (57 pcs) In 1994, Mr. Thi Souk stocked 500 tilapia and common carp fingerlings in his 0.05 ha fish pond (10,000/ha) at an average size of 5-10 g. After six months he harvested 15 kg fish (300 kg/ha/270 days) with an average size of 50.0 g. Percentage recovery was 60 % (300 pcs). In this year Mr. Thi Souk did not engage in rice-cum-fish culture due to flooding in his farm site. The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Thi Souk was on an average twice in every month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 793,000 in 1991, K 799,000 in 1992 and K 803,710 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 803,710 included K 500,000 from sticky rice (5,000 kg) + K 12,710 from fish (10 kg from pond and 2,71 kg from rice field) + K 191,000 from livestock and K 100,000 from fruits and vegetables. While his 1994 income of K 1,498,000 include K 800,000 from 8,000 kg sticky rice + K 22,500 from 15 kg fish in pond + K 500,500 from livestock and K 175,000 from fruits and vegetables and other sources. However, it is evident that the production of fish using improved farming practices have contributed to family's nutritional and economic conditions thru the production of fish for food and added income.

8. Comments : Mr. Thi Souk is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project staff. He showed interest in aquaculture and his shared experiences with other farmers. His attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project will further refine the technology he's been applying to achieve much higher fish production in the future.

1. District : Muangkhoune

2. Village : Ban Youne/Kosy

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Bounleung (CF SN - 28)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 5 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his 0.02 ha area fish pond and culture of fish with rice in his 0.16 ha area rice field. In additional 1.67 ha rice field he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.3 ha upland area he grows fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were first collected. He started aquaculture in 1990. In 1991, he produced 4 kg fish in his 0.02 ha fish pond. The species of fish produced were mostly tilapia, carps and some other local species. From August 1992, the project got involved in organizing his fish culture activity by giving technical advice on pond preparation, fertilization, proper screening of water inlets and outlets and stocking densities of selected species. He stocked his 0.02 ha fish pond with 200 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 5–7 g. After six months he harvested 5 kg fish (250 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 75 % (150 pcs). In February 1993, Mr. Bounleung received 3-days training organized by the project which included actual field work. In the same year he was again given detailed technical advice on his pond fish culture activity including the start of his rice-cum-fish culture. He re-stocked his 0.02 ha fish pond with 200 tilapia and common carp fingerlings (10,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 5–7 g. After six months he harvested 6 kg fish (300 kg/ha/180 days) with percentage recovery of 80 % (160 pcs). In his rice-cum-fish activity, he stocked his 0.16 ha rice field with 563 pcs common carp fingerlings supplied free by the project (3,518.75 fish/ha) at and average stocking size of 5-3 g. After 77 days he harvested 6.2 kg fish (38.75 kg/ha/77 days) with percentage recovery of 40 % (223 pcs). In 1994, Mr. Bounleung did not engaged in fish culture after his family transferred residence in Phonesavanh, capital of Xiengkhouang. The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Bounleung was on an average three times in every two months.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 519,000 in 1991, K 525,000 in 1992 and K 537,200 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 537,200 included K 300,000 from sticky rice (3,000 kg) + K 12,200 from fish (6.0 kg from pond and 6.2 kg from rice field) + K 75,000 from livestock and K 150,000 fruits and vegetables. While his 1994 income of K 1,150,000 includes K 330,000 from 3,300 kg sticky rice + K 320,000 from livestock + K 500,000 from tricycle driving, small scale business practices and other sources. However, it is evident that the adoption of improved fish farming practices have contributed to the family's nutritional and economic conditions by the production of fish for food and added income.

8. Comments : Mr. Bounleung is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project. He showed interest in aquaculture and shared experiences with other farmers. Though he had transferred residence but still he's planning to continue fish culture activities in his village once his family settled securely in their new residence. His attitude, interest and continued technical advice by the project staff will further refine the technology he's been applying to achieve much higher fish production in the future.

1. District : Muangkhoune

2. Village : Ban Youne

3. Name of farmer : Mr. Thao La (CF SN - 29)

4. Main farming system : Fish Culture in Pond

5. General informations : He is a poor farmer with 9 members in the family. He practices culture of fish in pond in his 0.03 ha area fish pond. In additional 1.0 ha rice field he grows sticky rice without fish and in another 0.05 ha upland area he grows fruits and vegetables. The total family income came from the above farming practices plus raising of livestock.

6. Project activities : The national and international staff of project LAO/89/003 first contacted him in August 1992 when the above general informations were first collected. He has just started aquaculture with rice in 1993. In February 1993, Mr. Thao La received 3-day training conducted by the project which included actual field work. In this year, the project staff assisted him in starting fish culture activity by giving technical advice on pond preparation, installation of proper pipes for letting in and out of water with screens, and stocking densities of selected species. In July 1993 the project supplied him free 300 common carp fingerlings (10,000 fish/ha) at an average stocking size of 5.3 g. The fish are cultured further for rearing into broodstock sizes. In 1994, Mr. Thao La stocked 300 tilapia and common carp fingerlings in his 0.03 ha fish pond (10,000/ha) at an average size of 3-5 g. After six months he harvested 14 kg fish (466.7 kg/ha/180 days) with an average size of 66.7 g. Percentage recovery was 70 % (210 pcs). The frequency of monitoring by the project staff to Mr. Thao La was on an average once in every month.

7. Economic evaluation : The total annual income of the farmer was K 440,000 in 1991, K 440,000 in 1992 and K 441,000 in 1993. The 1993 income of K 441,000 included K 300,000 from sticky rice, K 11,000 from livestock + K 30,000 from fruits and vegetables. While his 1994 income of K 1,140,000 includes K 600,000 from 6,000 kg sticky rice + K 21,000 from 14 kg fish in pond + K 269,000 from livestock and K 250,000 from fruits, vegetables and income from other sources. However, it is evident that both the nutritional and economic conditions of the farmer's family improved by the adoption of improved fish farming practices.

8. Comments : Mr. Thao La is an enthusiastic farmer who followed the technical advice given by the project. He showed interest in aquaculture and have just started engaging culture of fish in pond. He was assured of project's continued technical assistance depending on his attitude, interest and performance.

FIGURE II

MAP OF XIENGKHOUANG PROVINCE SHOWING TARGET DISTRICTS (VILLAGES LISTED BELOW)

Table II

PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED MODEL FARMERS UNDER DIFFERENT FISH FARMING SYSTEMS IN XIENGKHOUANG PROVINCE
(NORTHERN REGIONAL CENTER)

GRAPH I. INCOME DATA OF SELECTED MODEL TARGET FARMERS

1) Mr. KHAMPHAO	2) Mr. OUN PHENG	3) Mr. PHOTHAO OUN
4) Mr. SIRIVANE	5) Mr. SANGAT	6) Mr. OUDTHA
7) Mr. KHAMLAI		8) Mr. THI PHONE