Table 13 summarises the dietary imbalances which have resulted in the manifestation of six major nutritional pathology conditions, namely 1) scoliosis/lordosis, 2) eye cataract, 3) fin erosion, 4) fatty liver, 5) exophthalmus, and 6) skin/fin haemorrhage. With the possible exception of the studies of researchers in the USA on the characterisation of eye cataracts in salmonid fish (Hughes, 1985; Hargis, 1991; Kincaid & Calkins, 1991), there has been no systematic attempt to date to individually characterise the above mentioned conditions in fish. It is hoped that this review paper will stimulate further studies to be conducted under practical farming conditions so as to increase our understanding of nutritional fish pathology in fish.
| SCOLIOSIS/LORDOSIS Deficiency of | Tryptophan Magnesium Phosphorus Vitamin C Essential fatty acids (lordosis) |
| Toxicity of | Lead Cadmium Leucine Vitamin A Oxidized fish oil |
| CATARACT Deficiency of | Methionine Tryptophan Zinc Magnesium Copper Selenium Manganese Vitamin A Riboflavin |
| Toxicity of | Choline Oxidized fish oil |
| FIN EROSION Deficiency of | Lysine Tryptophan Zinc Riboflavin Inositol Niacin Vitamin C |
| Toxicity of | Lead Vitamin A |
| FATTY LIVER Deficiency of | Choline Essential fatty acids |
| Toxicity of | Oxidized fish oil |
| EXOPHTHALMIA Deficiency of | Pantothenic acid Niacin Folic acid Vitamin A Vitamin E Oxidized fish oil |
| Toxicity of | |
| FIN/SKIN HAEMORRHAGE | Riboflavin |
| Deficiency of | Pantothenic acid Niacin Thiamine Inositol Vitamin C Vitamin A Vitamin K |
| Toxicity of | |
| Oxidized fish oil |
