The Marine Fishery Resources of Sri Lanka

FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes

The Marine Fishery Resources of Sri Lanka


by
G.H.P. De Bruin; B.C. Russell and A. Bogusch


FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Rome, 1994

Table of Contents

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

ISBN: 9251032939

© FAO 1994

SUMMARY

This field guide includes the marine and brackish-water species of bony fishes, sharks, batoid fishes, lobsters, shrimps, crabs, cephalopods and other molluscs, holothurians, edible algae, and sea turtles believed to be of interest to fisheries in Sri Lanka. Each major resources group is introduced by a general section on technical terms, followed by an annotated and illustrated list of the more important species, which includes FAO (English) names, local names commonly used (Sinhalese and Tamil), maximum size, habitat, habits and interest to fisheries. To facilitate identification, the chapters on bony fishes, sharks, batoid fishes, lobsters, and shrimps and prawns are preceded by an illustrated guide to the different families.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
Resources
Fishing fleet
Fishing gear
Presentation and format
Principal references

A PICTORIAL INDEX TO DIVISIONS, ORDERS, OR FAMILIES

SEAWEEDS

SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS
TECHNICAL TERMS AND MEASUREMENTS
GUIDE TO ORDERS, FAMILIES, AND SPECIES
Suborder Caridea - Caridean Shrimps
Hippolytidae
Palaemonidae
Pandalidae
Suborder Penaeoidea - Penaeid Shrimps
Penaeidae
Solenoceridae

LOBSTERS
TECHNICAL TERMS AND MEASUREMENTS
GUIDE TO FAMILIES AND SPECIES
Palinuridae
Scyllaridae
Thalassinidae

CRABS
TECHNICAL TERMS AND MEASUREMENTS
GUIDE TO SPECIES
Portunidae

BIVALVES
Pteriidae

GASTROPODS
Vasidae

CEPHALOPODS
TECHNICAL TERMS AND MEASUREMENTS
GUIDE TO ORDERS, FAMILIES, AND SPECIES
Order Nautiloidea - Chambered Nautilus
Nautilidae
Order Sepioidea Cuttlefishes
Sepiidae
Sepiolidae
Order Teuthoidea - Squids
Loliginidae
Order Octopoda - Octopuses
Octopodidae
Argonautidae

SEA CUCUMBERS
GUIDE TO SPECIES
Holothuriidae

SHARKS
TECHNICAL TERMS AND MEASUREMENTS
GUIDE TO ORDERS, FAMILIES, AND SPECIES
Order Orectolobiformes - Nurse and Whale Sharks
Rhincodontidae
Hemiscylliidae
Stegostomatidae
Ginglymostomatidae
Order Lamniformes - Mackeral Sharks and allies
Odontaspididae
Lamnidae
Alopiidae
Order Charcharhiniformes - Ground Sharks and allies
Scyliorhinidae
Proscylliidae
Triakidae
Hemigaleidae
Carcharhinidae
Sphyrnidae
Order Squaliformes - Dogfish Sharks and allies
Echinorhinidae

BATOID FISHES
TECHNICAL TERMS AND MEASUREMENTS
GUIDE TO ORDERS, FAMILIES, AND SPECIES
Order Pristiformes - Sawfishes
Pristidae
Order Torpediniformes - Electric Rays
Narcinidae
Order Rajiformes - Skates and Rays
Rhinobatidae
Rajidae
Order Myliobatiformes - Stingrays
Dasyatididae
Gymnuridae
Myliobatididae
Mobulidae

BONY FISHES
TECHNICAL TERMS AND MEASUREMENTS
GUIDE TO ORDERS, FAMILIES, AND SPECIES
Order Elopiformes - Tarpons and allies
Elopidae
Megalopidae
Order Albuliformes - Bonefishes
Albulidae
Order Notocanthiformes - Spiny Eels
Halosauridae
Order Anguilliformes - Eels
Anguillidae
Moringuidae
Muraenidae
Ophichthidae
Congridae
Muraenesocidae
Order Clupeiformes - Herrings and allies
Clupeidae
Pristigasteridae
Engraulididae
Chirocentridae
Order Gonorhynchiformes - Milkfish and allies
Chanidae
Order Siluriformes - Catfishes
Ariidae
Plotosidae
Order Salmoniformes - Argentines and allies
Alepocephalidae
Order Stomiiformes - Hatchetfishes, Viperfishes, and allies
Chauliodontidae
Stomiidae
Order Aulopiformes - Greeneyes, Lizardfishes, and allies
Chlorophthalmidae
Synodontidae
Paralepididae
Order Myctophiformes - Lanternfishes and allies
Myctophidae
Order Gadiformes - Cods, Hakes and allies
Macrouridae
Moridae
Order Ophidiiformes - Cusk Eels, Botulas, and allies
Ophidiidae
Carapidae
Order Batrachoidiformes - Toadfishes
Batrachoididae
Order Lophiiformes - Anglerfishes and allies
Lophiidae
Antennariidae
Chaunacidae
Ogcocephalidae
Order Atheriniformes - Silversides and allies
Atherinidae
Order Beloniformes - Flyingfishes and allies
Belonidae
Hemiramphidae
Exocoetidae
Order Beryciformes - Squirrelfishes and allies
Monocentridae
Trachichthyidae
Holocentridae
Order Zeiformes - Dories and allies
Caproidae
Order Gasterosteiformes - Tubesnouts, Sea Moths, and Sticklebacks
Pegasidae
Order Syngnathiformes - Pipefishes and allies
Aulostomidae
Fistulariidae
Centriscidae
Solenostomidae
Syngnathidae
Order Scorpaeniformes - Scorpionfishes and allies
Scorpaenidae
Caracanthidae
Aploactinidae
Triglidae
Dactylopteridae
Platycephalidae
Order Perciformes: Percoidei - Perch-like Fishes
Centropomidae
Ambassidae
Serranidae
Pseudochromidae
Plesiopidae
Terapontidae
Kuhliidae
Priacanthidae
Kurtidae
Apogonidae
Sillaginidae
Malacanthidae
Lactariidae
Rachycentridae
Echeneidae
Carangidae
Coryphaenidae
Menidae
Leiognathidae
Emmelichthyidae
Lutjanidae
Caesionidae
Lobotidae
Gerreidae
Haemulidae
Sparidae
Lethrinidae
Nemipteridae
Sciaenidae
Mullidae
Pempherididae
Toxotidae
Kyphosidae
Drepanidae
Ephippidae
Monodactylidae
Scatophagidae
Chaetodontidae
Pomacanthidae
Cirrhitidae
Order Perciformes: Mugiloidei - Mullets
Mugilidae
Order Perciformes: Polynemoidei - Threadfins
Polynemidae
Order Perciformes: Labroidei - Wrasses and allies
Pomacentridae
Labridae
Scaridae
Order Perciformes: Trachinoidei - Weeverfishes and allies
Uranoscopidae
Trichonotidae
Percophidae
Pinguipedidae
Order Perciformes: Blennioidei - Blennies and allies
Tripterygiidae
Clinidae
Blenniidae
Order Perciformes: Callionymoidei - Dragonets
Callionymidae
Order Perciformes: Gobioidei - Gobies and allies
Eleotrididae
Gobiidae
Order Perciformes: Acanthuroidei - Surgeonfishes
Siganidae
Zanclidae
Acanthuridae
Order Perciformes: Sphyraenoidei - Barracudas
Sphyraenidae
Order Perciformes: Scombroidei - Tunas and allies
Gempylidae
Trichiuridae
Xiphiidae
Istiophoridae
Scombridae
Order Perciformes:Stromatoidei-Harvestfishes and allies
Stromateidae
Order Pleuronectiformes - Flatfishes
Psettodidae
Bothidae
Paralichthyidae
Pleuronectidae
Soleidae
Cynoglossidae
Order Tetraodontiformes - Pufferfishes and allies
Triacanthidae
Balistidae
Monacanthidae
Ostraciidae
Tetraodontidae
Diodontidae
Molidae

SEA TURTLES
TECHNICAL TERMS AND MEASUREMENTS
GUIDE TO SPECIES
Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

COLOUR PLATES