AGRIS/CARIS: SUBJECT CATEGORIES AND SCOPE DESCRIPTIONS

In this Categorization Scheme, agriculture includes fisheries, forestry, food, nutrition and rural sociology. It comprises the production of plants and animals useful to man and the preparation and distribution of these products for man's use.

A. AGRICULTURE IN GENERAL

A01 Agriculture - General aspects

Considerations on agriculture in its wide sense. For specific concepts see appropriate subject categories

A50 Agricultural research

Use for agricultural research administration in general. For research results on specific subjects see appropriate subject categories

Research plans, policies, programmes and projects

Research administration and financing

Research personnel

For:

experimental stations and farms, see	C10
market research, see	E70
research methods and techniques, see	U30

B. GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY

B10 Geography

Geographies, maps, atlases, travels pertaining to agriculture

Physical situation in relation to agriculture or forestry; latitude and longitude, altitude, gradient and aspect

For:

climate and weather mapping, see	P40
forest mapping, see	K10
geography in relation to animal distribution, see	L60
geography in relation to plant distribution, see	F70
soil mapping, see	P31
water mapping, see	P10

B50 History

History of agriculture; add categories for specific subjects as appropriate

Biographical writings in the field of agriculture; add categories for specific subjects as appropriate

C. EDUCATION, EXTENSION AND INFORMATION

C10 Education

Use for education and training (other than extension) in agriculture; add categories for specific subjects as appropriate

Agricultural education plans, policies, programmes and their evaluation

Agricultural teaching and training methods (other than extension)

Agricultural education and training institutions, personnel and equipment, including experimental stations, experimental and model farms

Vocational education and apprenticeship for persons engaged in farming or preparing to enter upon the work of the farm

Nutrition education, training

Veterinary education, training

For:

accident prevention education programmes, see	E50
agrarian structure, see	E90
agricultural extension, see	C20
agricultural journalism, see	C20
communication, see	C20
consumer education, see	E73
extension agents, see	C20
health protection education programmes, see	E50

C20 Extension

Use for extension, advisory work and demonstration in agriculture; add categories for specific subjects as appropriate

Agricultural extension involving systematic and organized communication with farmers in order to aid them to choose feasible objectives, acquire technical knowledge and skills, identify their problems, formulate solutions, solve the problems identified and evaluate the results

Extension operations and services, including programme planning, organization, management and evaluation of the extension service, methods of communication, advice and guidance to farmers and rural residents, demonstration work

Agricultural extension agents

Communication; development and use of mass media (such as newspapers, broadcasts by radio or television, motion pictures) designed to reach the rural population; agricultural journalism

For:

consumer education and protection, see	E73
educational planning, teaching and training techniques in agriculture, see	C10
vocational education, see	C10

C30 Documentation and information

Use for documentation, library work and information science pertaining to agriculture

Assembling, coding and dissemination of information

Information services, library operations

Data bases as components of information systems

For:

bibliographies, glossaries, etc. on specific subject matters, see appropriate subject categories
communication, mass media, agricultural journalism, see	C20

D. ADMINISTRATION AND LEGISLATION

D10 Public administration

Public administration of agriculture in general

Institutional framework of agricultural agencies charged with the administration of governmental functions; for activities of agricultural agencies, see appropriate subject categories

For:

development aims, policies, programmes, see	E14
economic administration, see	E10
educational administration, see	C10
farm administration, see	E20
health administration, see	E50
labour administration, see	E12
research administration, see	A50
social administration, see	E50

D50 Legislation

Corpus juris, body of law in agriculture of governmental and intergovernmental authorities, use D50 as primary category; add secondary categories for specific subjects

Import, export and customs regulations

Animal and plant quarantine regulations

Patents

Legislation on breeders' rights; registration and patents of plant varieties, animal breeds

Legislative aspects of quality control, sanitary regulations

Legislative aspects of pollution control; toxic residue regulations

Regulations dealing with grading

Water rights

For:

labelling, standards, grading, see	E70
feed inspection, hygienic control of feed, see	Q53
food inspection, hygienic control of food, see	Q03
veterinary hygiene, see	L70

E. ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY

E10 Agricultural economics and policies

Use for agricultural economics in general

National, regional and international economic policies and programmes

Economic planning, including food situation planning, food requirements, food supply policies, food security

Agricultural economic analysis in general

Econometrics in general: utilization of mathematical forms and statistical techniques in testing and applying economic theories and in solving economic problems; economic models; economic statistics

Economic systems

For:

agrarian structure, see	E90
agricultural enterprises, see	E20
aquaculture organization and management, see	E20
aquaculture production, see	M12
consumer economics, see	E73
development economics, see	E14
econometric models of markets, see	E70
economic policies at farm level, see	E20
energy resources management, see	P05
farm organization and management, see	E20
fisheries organization and management, see	E20
fisheries production, see	M11
food aid, see	E14
forestry organization and management, see	E20
forestry production, see	K10
investment and credit, see	E13
labour and employment, see	E12
land economics, see	E11
marketing and distribution, see	E70
nutrition programmes, see	S40
production economics, see	E16
soil resources and management, see	P30
trade: domestic, see	E72
trade: international, see	E71
trade in general, see	E70
water resources and management, see	P10

E11 Land economics and policies

Use only for considerations on land adapted and used for agricultural purposes

Economics of land development; land use planning involving formulation of ways and means for the utilization of land; land use surveys for the determination of present use of land

Land capability: suitability of land for agricultural purposes involving a consideration of the risks or difficulties in land use due to physical land conditions

Land classification of natural land types according to their inherent characteristics or their capabilities for man's use

Land assessment: valuation placed upon agricultural property for the purpose of taxation levied by the government; land tax on the value of land exclusive of buildings and other improvements

Land ownership; land tenure: holding of land and the rights that go with such holding and/or operating under the ownership of another; land rent: payment for the use of land

Land aspects of town and country planning, zoning

Agrarian reform: means to improve access to productive resources for all segments of the rural population through the redistribution of landed property and the reorganization of production structure and supporting services; land reform: measures for effecting a more equitable distribution of agricultural land

For:

agrarian structure, see	E90
conservation and restoration of natural environment, see	P01
farming systems, see	E20
land as a factor of production, see	E16
recreational use of farm or forest land, see	P01
soil capability, see	P30
soil classification and genesis, see	P32
soil resources and management, see	P30
soil surveys and mapping, see	P31

E12 Labour and employment

Labour and employment in relation to agriculture

Labour policies

Labour administration, organization and management

Labour market: factors affecting labour supply and demand; employment, unemployment, labour mobility, labour shortage, manpower needs, labour supply

Efficiency studies, time and motion studies, work studies

Wages and systems of remuneration

Economic aspects of migratory or contract labour; seasonal labour in agriculture required at a particular season usually at harvest time, seasonal unemployment

Labour-management relations involving collective bargaining for the determination of wages and maintenance of contract

Labour unions, trade unions, workers' participation and representation

For:

agrarian structure, see	E90
cooperatives in general, see	E40
credit unions, see	E13
production economics, see	E16
rural population, see	E51
social adjustment to migration, see	E50
unemployment insurance, see	E50
vocational training of agricultural labour, see	C10

E13 Investment, finance and credit

Finance: the monetary affairs in agricultural operations in general, including circulation of money, granting of credit, making of investments, and provision of banking facilities

Agricultural support subsidies: government grants of money to agricultural enterprises for improvement to farms or farmland with the aim of increasing the production and quality of agricultural commodities

Agricultural credit unions responsible for granting loans to farmers based on an invested capital contributed by the members and divided into shares, each share representing a proportionate ownership in the corporation

For:

agrarian structure, see	E90
agricultural economics in general, see	E10
agricultural enterprises, see	E20
agricultural industries, see	E21
household budgets, accounts, see	E80
land taxation, see	E11

E14 Development economics and policies

Agricultural development policies, including a planned programme designed to promote modernization and development of agricultural practices with the purpose of improving national living conditions

Development administration pertaining to agriculture: organizational arrangements to implement and coordinate development programmes, which include such activities as project identification, promotion for the financing of agricultural development projects, creation of development areas with favourable terms offered for the establishment of agricultural enterprises, technical and managerial counselling, etc.

Rural development planning, policies, programmes

International cooperation for development; development aid, food aid

Technology transfer, bringing about technological change, evolution, progress, and involving technological development, diffusion of innovations and technological know-how and adaptation of technology at the national or international level; promotion of technical assistance programmes

For:

advisory work for farmers and rural residents, see	C20
agrarian structure, see	E90
community development, see	E50
economic policies, planning and development of the farm, see	E20
extension education, see	C20
food supply policies, see	E10
home industries, handicrafts, see	E80
labour and employment, see	E12
land aspects of town and country planning, zoning, see	E11
land development, see	E11
mathematical methods of project evaluation, see	U10
rural animation, see	E50
social adjustments to settlement, migration, see	E50
village studies, see	E50

E16 Production economics

Use for agricultural production economics in general

Productivity policies

Production control: systematic planning, coordinating and directing of production activities to achieve the desired timing for production and adequate quality of goods produced; production targets, standards

Productive capacity: the maximum production which can be achieved from available means of production; scale of production, production growth, overproduction

Production function, input-output function: relationship between product output and input factors of production (land, labour, capital, management); factor costs of production: the costs of land, labour, capital and management which accrue during the production process

Production systems; production statistics

For:

agrarian structure, see	E90
agricultural input and output at the farm level, see	E20
agro-industry, see	E21
development economics and policies, see	E14
domestic trade, see	E72
economic policies in general, see	E10
economic statistics in general, see	E10
international trade, see	E71
labour economics and policies, see	E12
land economics and policies, see	E11
organization and management of agricultural enterprises or farms, see	E20
trade in general, see	E70

E20 Organization, administration and management of agricultural enterprises or farms

In this category the term farm includes any individual farming, forestry, fisheries and aquacultural enterprise

Planning and development in terms of individual areas of farm activity

Organization, operation and administration of resources of the farm, including the selection of land, crops, livestock, machinery and equipment necessary to conduct a farm business

Agrotourism as an ancillary farm enterprise, non-farm activity carried out on the farm, non-farm income; farm holidays, camping, caravan sites, farm-house accommodation

Systems of farming: private, collective, state farms, contract farming, corporation farming, integrated farming, mixed farming, tenant farming: cash tenancy, share tenancy, etc.

Farm budget: statement of estimated production, gross income, expenses and net income resulting from operating a farm

Farm bookkeeping and accounting; costs and returns of farm operations; cost analysis; input-output analysis of a farm business

Animal, crop, property insurance protection against risk in farm, forestry, aquacultural and fisheries operations; coverage by contract for animal, crop, property losses or damage caused by various types of events

For:

agrarian structure, see	E90
agricultural economics in general, see	E10
agricultural industry, see	E21
aquaculture production, see	M12
cooperatives in general, see	E40
cropping patterns and systems, see	F08
farm layout, see	N02
fisheries production, see	M11
forestry production, see	K10
home industries, handicrafts, see	E80
investment, finance and credit, see	E13
labour and employment, see	E12
land economics in general, see	E11
model farms, see	C10
personal accident insurance, see	E50
production economics in general, see	E16
recreational use of farm and forest land, see	P01

E21 Agro-industry

In this category the term agro-industry involves the planning and development of farming, forestry, fisheries, aquacultural, food and feed industries, including agricultural input industries

Agro-industry: comprising those industrial activities (excluding processing operations and techniques) directed to the supply for commerce of goods, both food and non-food (e.g. food-stuffs, feed, paper, wood, etc.) manufactured from agricultural products

Planning and development of agricultural industries including forestry, fisheries, aquacultural, food and feed industries, agricultural input industries: agricultural machinery industry (machines, equipment, implements), agro-chemical industry (pesticides, herbicides), fertilizer industry, feed industry, seed industry

Agro-industrial plan: concerning the location of agricultural industries, both large and small, and the factors that influence their location and development, such as available agricultural resources and raw materials to be processed, power, distance to markets, communications, inter-dependence of industries, etc.

For:

agricultural input and output at the farm level, see	E20
distribution and marketing of agricultural commodities or products used in agricultural production, see	E70
feed processing and preservation, see	Q52
food processing and preservation, see	Q02
forest seed production and processing, see	K10
home industries and crafts, see	E80
investment, finance and credit, see	E13
labour and employment, see	E12
land economics in general, see	E11
organization and management of agricultural enterprises, see	E20
processing of forest products, see	K50
processing of non-food or non-feed agricultural products, see	Q60
production economics in general, see	E16
seed production and processing (excluding forest seed production and processing), see	F03

E40 Cooperatives

General considerations on agricultural cooperatives; for specific aspects of cooperatives, see appropriate subject categories (e.g. economic assessment of domestic marketing cooperatives, see E70; economics of cooperative organization and management of farms, see E20; cooperative organization for the supply of rural housing, see E50; production economics in a cooperative enterprise, see E16; etc.)

Effect of cooperatives on agricultural economics

For:

agricultural enterprises, see	E20
credit unions, see	E13

E50 Rural sociology and social security

Include information on this subject only when it deals with its impact on agricultural and rural policies, programmes, production and related activities

Rural sociology concerned with the social organization of rural communities, the study of rural life and living conditions and of rural human relationships

Studies of rural areas, villages, towns; rural-urban relationships

Settlement; migration; nomadism

Rural animation: creation and maintenance of mutual understanding among rural people to facilitate modernization; rural environment, community development

Rural communities services, including the planning, financing and implementing of public utilities to enhance community development

Rural housing policies, planning and programmes

Rural medical and health services and personnel; accident prevention education programmes and health protection education programmes; rural social and rehabilitation services, social welfare, social security, pensions, care of the elderly, day-care centres, recreation centres; personal accident insurance, health insurance, life insurance, unemployment insurance

Social structure, social stratification

Social change, social aspects of agrarian reform

Social adjustments to settlement, migration

Social psychology of the farm family; social behaviour, beliefs, customs

Cultural factors, impact of new cultural trends and technology on rural environment, conflict, leadership; human ecology

For:

accident prevention devices, see	N01
agrarian reform, see	E11
agrarian structure, see	E90
construction of rural roads, see	N01
consumer economics, see	E73
demographic structure of rural populations, see	E51
economic aspects of migratory or contract labour, see	E12
home industries and crafts, see	E80
housekeeping, see	E80
rural electrification, see	N01
social aspects of human feeding, see	S01

E51 Rural population

Include information on this subject only when it deals with its impact on agricultural and rural policies, programmes, production and related activities

Rural population policies, including population control, family planning

Rural population structure, composition, distribution

Rural population dynamics: population increase, decrease, population density, population equilibrium

Censuses, surveys, rural population statistics

For:

rural migration, nomadism, settlement, see

E50

E70 Trade, marketing and distribution

Do not include information on this subject unless it deals with agricultural trade

Trade: exchange, purchase or sale of agricultural commodities or products used in agricultural production

Marketing including the operations connected with the movement of agricultural commodities or products used in agricultural production from producer to consumer, such as coordination of manufacture, standardization, purchase, sale, sales promotion, advertising, publicizing, shipping, distribution; wholesale and retail marketing; auctioning and other methods of selling; trade fairs, exhibitions

Distribution policies, costs and methods

Supply and demand; market research and analysis, forecasting; econometric models of markets

Price fixing and maintenance

Quality, standard and content labelling; trademarks used to identify marketed products

Grading: classification of agricultural products according to standards of uniformity, size, freedom from blemish or disease, fineness, quality, etc.

For:

common guaranteed prices in international trade, see	E71
consumer economics, see	E73
domestic trade, see	E72
feed inspection, see	Q53
food inspection, see	Q03
international trade, see	E71
packaging, see	Q80
processing of agricultural products, see	Q01-Q80
protection of agricultural products, see	J10-J15
storage of agricultural products, see	J10-J15
transport of agricultural products, see	J10-J15

E71 International trade

International trade in agricultural commodities or products used in agricultural production and policies affecting such trade, including measures to promote trade, barriers to trade, controls on imports, tariff policies

World market conditions

International trade agreements, common markets, common agricultural policies, common codes of conduct in international trade and trade relations; multi-national arrangements which may involve such objectives as increased agricultural productivity, stabilization of agricultural markets, common guaranteed prices for agricultural products, unrestricted trade between member states, common trading systems with non-member countries, etc.

For:

customs regulations, see	D50
domestic trade, see	E72
import and export regulations, see	D50
international trade law, see	D50

E72 Domestic trade

Domestic trade involving the operations connected with the movement of agricultural commodities or products used in agricultural production from producer to consumer within a country

Home trade, inland trade

For:

consumer economics, see	E73
distribution and marketing of agricultural products, see	E70
international trade, see	E71
trade in general, see	E70

E73 Consumer economics

Use for information on agricultural policies and trends which have an impact on the consumer

Consumer economics including programmes for consumer protection, consumer education; consumer advisory service

Consumer goods: products used primarily for individual consumption

Consumer behaviour, purchasing habits, consumer surveys

For:

eating habits, food preferences, see	S01
home economics, see	E80
market research, see	E70

E80 Home economics, industries and crafts

Home economics concerning the practice of domestic management and household skills necessary for the creation and maintenance of a healthy family environment

Housekeeping; family living and household management practices (cooking, sewing, budgeting, purchasing for the home, household accounts, etc.); care of children in the home

Food in the home; preparation of meals and cooking of food (excluding recipes), home food storage, home food preservation

Home industries, cottage industries, handicrafts (woodwork, leather, textile, cordage, etc.): domestic system of manufacturing or processing articles in the home to supplement income from agricultural holdings

For:

agricultural enterprises, see	E20
consumer protection, see	E73
diets, see	S30
eating habits, see	S01
food preferences, see	S01
health and welfare, see	E50
legislation for consumer protection, see	D50
market research, see	E70
public health aspects of food, see	Q03
purchasing habits, see	E73
rural sociology, see	E50

E90 Agrarian structure

In this category the term agrarian structure involves a multidisciplinary approach to agriculture, covering works which deal simultaneously with technical, economic and sociological aspects

Analysis of agricultural practices and assessment of the adequacy of available technologies with regard to the requirements and constraints of the bio-ecological and socio-cultural environment on land use systems: crops, forestry and animal husbandry

Analysis of evolution of farms; technico-economic monitoring of farm evolution characteristics to assess aptitudes, technical, economic and sociological constraints, and the degree of appropriateness of technical innovations

Inter-relations among the physical, biological, economic and sociological components of agrarian systems

Study of territory in relation to the farm and the socio-economic factors prevailing in a region; collective organization of territory, rural activities and agricultural practices

Utilization patterns of rural areas by various agrarian production systems and the evolution of natural environments according to their use

Diffusion of technical criteria and methodological processes in agrarian systems based on a close relationship between research and practice

For:

agrarian reform, see	E11
agricultural credits, see	E13
agricultural economics in general, see	E10
development economics and policies, see	E14
farming systems, see	E20
labour and employment, see	E12
land economics and policies, see	E11
model farms, see	C10
production economics in general, see	E16
rural sociology in general, see	E50
systems of farming; private, collective, state farms, contract farming, tenant farming, etc., see	E20

F. PLANT SCIENCE AND PRODUCTION

F01 Crop husbandry

See also: F62 for Plant growth and development physiology

General crop husbandry: the cultivation or production of plants (excluding forest trees and aquatic plants)

Crop forecasting

Horticulture and gardening: cultivation of gardens and orchards, including the growing of vegetables, fruit culture, viticulture, lawn management, ornamental plants

Field crop production, forage crop production, pasture and range management

Plant cultivation techniques: pruning, crown thinning; potting; transplanting; nursery practice; spacing; seed sowing, sowing date, sowing depth, sowing rates

Special methods of plant cultivation: use of artificial light, heat, soil warming, etc.; protected cultivation: green house, hot house, under transparent film, etc.; hydroponics, sand cultures; etc.

Methods for plant growth control (except weeds): retardation, inhibition; flowering, artificial promotion of flowering; fruit formation, artificial ripening, etc.

Plant response to cultivation techniques

Crop yields: the quantity or aggregate of products resulting from crop husbandry; harvesting of crops

For:

aquatic plant production, see	M12
cropping patterns and systems, see	F08
distribution and marketing of agricultural products, see	E70
farm management, see	E20
fertilizing, see	F04
forest seed production, see	K10
forest tree production, see	K10
forest tree propagation, see	K10
handling of plant products, see	J11
irrigation, see	F06
landscape management, see	P01
plant breeding, see	F30
plant physiology and biochemistry, see	F60-F63
plant propagation (excluding forest tree propagation), see	F02
plant protection, see	H01-H60
protection of plant products, see	J11
seed production (excluding forest seed production), see	F03
seedbed preparation, see	F07
soil cultivation, see	F07
transport and storage of plant products, see	J11
weed control, see	H60

F02 Plant propagation

Techniques of plant propagation (excluding forest tree propagation)

Propagation: grafting; budding; cell and meristem culture; dividing; layering; cutting; cloning, etc. (excluding forest tree cutting, cloning, etc.)

For:

forest seed production and processing, see	K10
forest tree propagation, see	K10
plant genetics and breeding, see	F30
plant reproduction physiology, see	F63
seed production and processing (excluding forest seed production and processing), see	F03
seed sowing, sowing date, sowing depth, sowing rates, see	F01

F03 Seed production and processing

Production of seed for propagation purposes and processing of seeds (excluding forest seed production and processing)

Seed treatment: cleaning, inoculation, pelleting, scarification, stratification, testa chipping, etc.; seed testing, trials; seed certification; seed quality control

Germinability

Seed storage

For:

forest seed production and processing, see	K10
forest tree propagation, see	K10
plant propagation, see	F02
seed germination, see	F62
seed industry, see	E21

F04 Fertilizing

Application of organic and inorganic fertilizers; utilization of wastes, sewage, sludge as fertilizers

Composition and properties of fertilizers and manures

Plant response to fertilizers

Soil conditioners

For:

mineral deficiencies of plants, see	H50
nutritional requirements of plants, see	F61
soil conservation, see	P36
soil fertility, see	P35

F06 Irrigation

Irrigation: artificial watering of soil for the purpose of plant production

Irrigation methods, systems and projects: furrow irrigation, overhead irrigation, subsurface irrigation, trickle irrigation, etc.

Cultivation under irrigation

Plant response to irrigation

For:

drainage, see	P11
irrigation equipment, see	N20
soil conservation, see	P36
soil permeability, see	P33
soil reclamation, see	P36
soil-water relationship, see	P33
water conservation and management, see	P10
water quality, see	P10
water supply, see	P10

F07 Soil cultivation

Preparation of soil for crop husbandry: tillage, harrowing, rolling, ploughing, fallowing, mulching, sterilization, soil disinfection (soil hygiene), burning, seedbed preparation, etc.

For:

crop husbandry, see	F01
cropping systems, see	F08
fallow systems, see	F08
fertilizing, see	F04
prescribed or controlled burning in forests, see	K10
soil conservation, see	P36
soil improvement, see	F04
tillage equipment, see	N20
weed control, see	H60

F08 Cropping patterns and systems

See also: K10 for Forestry production

Sequence in which crops are grown and spatial arrangements of crops and fallow and interactions with livestock activities

Single cropping, multiple cropping, intercropping, catch cropping, intensive cropping, exhaustive cropping

Rotational cropping systems: different crops grown in succession on the same land in a fixed sequence chiefly to preserve the productive capacity of the soil

Shifting cultivation referring to cultivation of a non-settled nature, involving the production of crops for subsistence followed by vegetable fallow

Fallow systems: sequences of crop years and fallow years

Agro-forestry, involving agro-silvicultural systems (forest crops associated with agricultural crops), silvo-pastoral systems (forest crops associated with grazing pastures), or agro-silvo-pastoral systems (simultaneous combination of forestry with cropping and grazing)

Dry farming; desert, arid-zone farming

Organic farming, biodynamic farming

For:

agrarian systems, see	E90
animal husbandry, see	L01
crop husbandry, see	F01
cultivation under irrigation, see	F06
farming systems, see	E20
forest grazing, see	L02
hydroponics and other special methods of plant cultivation, see	F01
range and grassland management, see	F01
soil cultivation, see	F07

F30 Plant genetics and breeding

Genetics of usefu1 plants (including forest trees and aquatic plants) and its application in the production and development of improved strains and cultivars

New varieties of plants

Breeding for resistance to pests, diseases and other factors; add categories for specific subjects as appropriate

Breeding programmes, methods and techniques; selection, crossbreeding, hybridization, induced mutation

Exploration to collect plants for the purpose of breeding and development of new crops for agricultural uses

Introduction of wild plants into cultivation

Plant germplasm sources and gene banks

For:

genetics of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
hereditary and genetic disorders in plants, see	H50
legislative aspects of breeders' rights, see	D50
plant reproduction physiology, see	F63
plant resistance to climate, extreme conditions, see	H50
plant taxonomy, see	F70
rearing of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
weed genetics, see	H60

F40 Plant ecology

Useful plants (other than aquatic) in relation to their environment; ecology, phenology, environmental biology, external influences on biological processes in useful plants; indicator plants

Forest ecology

For:

aquatic plant ecology, see	M40
climatic influences, see	P40
conservation of plants and vegetation, plant wildlife management, botanical gardens, arboreta, see	P01
ecology of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
national parks, see	P01
plant hardiness, see	H50
rhizosphere influence, see	P34
weed ecology, see	H60

F50 Plant structure

Anatomy, cytology, histology, ultrastructure and morphology of useful plants (including forest trees and aquatic plants)

Wood structure

Plant habit: general appearance of a plant

For:

plant physiology, see	F60-F63
structure of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
weed structure, see	H60

F60 Plant physiology and biochemistry

Do not include documents in which plants are dealt with as experimental organisms for theoretical, physiological or biochemical research

General aspects of the physiology and biochemistry of useful plants (including forest trees and aquatic plants): circulation and emission of liquids and gases, plant water relations, exudation of water, transpiration, respiration, etc.

Chemical composition of useful plants, constituents; chemical analysis of plants

For:

effects of environment on biological processes in plants, see	F40
immunity: plant resistance to infection, see	H20
immunity: plant resistance to diseases, see	H20
metabolism relating to nutrition, see	F61
physiological disorders of plants, see	H50
physiology and biochemistry of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20 L72, L73
plant growth and development physiology, see	F62
plant hardiness, resistance to extreme conditions, see	H50
plant nutrition physiology, see	F61
plant reproduction physiology, see	F63
plant response to cultivation techniques, see	F01
plant response to fertilizers, see	F04
plant response to irrigation, see	F06
weed physiology, see	H60

F61 Plant physiology - Nutrition

Nutritional requirements of useful plants (including forest trees and aquatic plants), foliar diagnosis, absorption and assimilation of nutrients, photosynthesis, reserve formation, secretion, physiological aspect of symbiosis, metabiosis, metabolism, etc

For:

application and effects of fertilizers, see	F04
mycorrhiza, rhizobia and other micro-organisms as related to plant nutrition, see	P34
nutritional disorders of plants, see	H50
nutritional physiology in organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73

F62 Plant physiology - Growth and development

See also: F01 for Methods for plant growth control

Growth and development of useful plants (including forest trees and aquatic plants)

Germination, morphogenesis, organ formation and development, seed formation and development, cicatrization, abscission, plant senescence, etc., post-harvest physiology

For:

germinability of seeds, see	F03
growth and development of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
weed growth, see	H60

F63 Plant physiology - Reproduction

Reproductive mechanisms in useful plants (including forest trees and aquatic plants): formation of germ cells and spores, formation of sex cells, pollination, parthenogenesis, fructification, apogamy, apospory, vegetative reproduction, etc.

For:

forest tree propagation, see	K10
plant genetics and breeding, see	F30
plant propagation, see	F02
reproduction physiology of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
weed reproduction, see	H60

F70 Plant taxonomy and geography

Classification, identification, nomenclature and phylogeny or evolution of useful plants (including forest trees and aquatic plants)

Natural distribution of plants; flora; plant checklists

For:

plant collection and introduction, see	F30
plant ecology: aquatic, see terrestrial, see	M40 F40
plant genetics, see	F30
plant variation, see	F30
soil flora, see	P34
taxonomy of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
weed taxonomy, see	H60

H. PLANT PROTECTION

H01 Protection of plants - General aspects

General considerations on factors injurious to plants (including forest trees and aquatic plants) and measures and materials for their control or alleviation

Plant protection services and organizations

For:

environmental damage by pesticides, see	T01
pests of plants, see	H10
phytotoxic effects of pesticides, see	H50
plant diseases, see	H20
protection of plant products, see	J11
rearing of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
residues of pesticides in air, soil, water, see	T01
residues of pesticides in feeds, see	Q53
residues of pesticides in foods, see	Q03
toxic residue regulations, see	D50
toxicity of pesticides: to humans, see to useful animals, see to useful plants, see	T10 L74 H50
weeds and weed control, see	H60
wood preservation, see	J12

H10 Pests of plants

Do not include information in which pests of plants are used for the study of general biological processes, e.g. genetics, and which does not have a direct bearing on their control or on the injury or loss to crops caused by these organisms

Pests of useful plants (including forest trees and aquatic plants) and the damage they cause

Insects, mites, nematodes, protozoans, molluscs, birds, mammals, etc., injurious to useful plants, or as vectors of pathogens of plants

Plant pest control materials, methods and programmes including cultural, chemical, physical, mechanical, integrated and biological control); rearing of organisms used in plant pest control; genetics, ecology, structure, physiology, biochemistry and taxonomy of control organisms

Plant pest surveys

Immunity: plant resistance to pests, pest resistance to pesticides

Ecology, structure, physiology, biochemistry and taxonomy of plant pests

For:

breeding for resistance to pests of plants, see	F30
physiological and genetic plant disorders, see	H50
phytotoxic effects of pesticides, see	H50
plant diseases, see	H20
plant pest control equipment, see	N20
plant protection in general, see	H01
plant quarantine regulations, see	D50
properties and examination of plant pathogens, disease-producing organisms, see	H20
protection of plant products, see	J11
toxicity of pesticides to humans, see	T10
toxicity of pesticides to useful animals, see	L74
toxicity of pesticides to useful plants, see	H50
weeds and weed control, see	H60
wood preservation, see	J12

H20 Plant diseases

Plant pathology; diseases of useful plants (including forest trees and aquatic plants) and their causal organisms: bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, viruses, etc.

Plant disease control materials, methods and programmes (including cultural, chemical, physical, mechanical, integrated and biological control); rearing of organisms used in plant disease control; genetics, ecology, structure, physiology, biochemistry and taxonomy of control organisms

Plant disease surveys

Immunity: plant resistance to infection; pathogen resistance to pesticides

Properties and examination of plant pathogens, disease-producing organisms

For:

breeding for resistance to plant diseases, see	F30
deficiency diseases in plants, see	H50
nutritional disorders in plants, see	H50
pests of plants, see	H10
physiological and genetic disorders, see	H50
plant disease control equipment, see	N20
plant quarantine regulations, see	D50
protection of plant products, see	J11
toxicity of pesticides to humans, see	T10
toxicity of pesticides to useful animals, see	L74
toxicity of pesticides to useful plants, see	H50
weeds and weed control, see	H60
wood preservation, see	J12

H50 Miscellaneous plant disorders

Physiological plant disorders in general (including forest trees and aquatic plants), nutritional disorders, genetic disorders in useful plants, deficiency diseases

Injuries to useful plants (but not forest trees) caused by atmospheric factors (such as heat, cold, flooding, wind), fire, equipment and other physical agents

Materials, methods and programmes for prevention and control of plant disorders and plant injuries

Phytotoxicity, toxic effects of substances poisonous to plants

Plant hardiness; resistance to climate, extreme conditions

For:

breeding for resistance to climate, extreme conditions, see	F30
damage to plant products, see	J11
forest fire control, see	K70
forest injuries and protection, see	K70
weed competition, see	H60

H60 Weeds and weed control

Weeds (including forest and aquatic weeds) and parasitic higher plants; their deleterious effects, control, occurrence and distribution

Plants poisonous to man and useful animals

Resistance to weed competition

Ecology, structure, physiology, biochemistry and taxonomy of weeds

For:

culture and harvesting of seaweeds, see	M12
environmental damage by herbicides, see	T01
residues of herbicides in air, soil, water, see	T01
residues of herbicides in feeds, see	Q53
residues of herbicides in foods, see	Q03
toxic effects of poisonous plants on useful animals, see	L74
toxicity of herbicides to humans, see	T10
toxicity of herbicides to useful animals, see	L74
toxicity of herbicides to useful plants, see	H50

J. POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY

J10 Handling, transport, storage and protection of agricultural products

Handling, transport, storage and protection of agricultural products in general

Methods for storage (excluding storage structures) of agricultural products in general: bulk storage, central storage, cold storage, controlled atmosphere storage, farm storage, off-farm storage, refrigerated storage, underground storage, etc.

Farm storage and warehouse management

Damage and losses to agricultural products in general during harvesting and postharvest phases (handling, storage, transport, etc.), and remedial measures for their prevention and control

Pests and disease organisms injurious to agricultural products in general; their occurrence and control

Damage to agricultural products in general caused by atmospheric factors, fire, equipment and other physical agents; its prevention and control

For:

feed processing and preservation, see	Q52
feed spoilage, see	Q53
food processing and preservation, see	Q02
food spoilage, see	Q03
handling and transport equipment, see	N20
handling, transport, storage and protection of animal products, see	J13
handling, transport, storage and protection of fisheries and aquacultural products, see	J14
handling, transport, storage and protection of forest products, see	J12
handling, transport, storage and protection of non-food or non-feed agricultural products, see	J15
handling, transport, storage and protection of plant products, see	J11
harvesting of animal products, see	L01
harvesting of aquacultural products, see	M12
harvesting of fisheries products, see	M11
harvesting of forest products, see	K10
harvesting of plant products, see	F01
primary processing of non-food or non-feed agricultural products, see	Q60
processing of forest products, see	K50
storage structures, see	N10

J11 Handling, transport, storage and protection of plant products

Handling, transport, storage and protection of plant products (other than aquatic plant products, forest products and non-food or non-feed plant products)

Storage methods for plant products (excluding forest, aquatic plant and non-food or non-feed plant products)

Storage methods for processed food and feed of plant origin; effects of storage conditions on food and feed quality: temperature, controlled atmosphere, etc.; shelf life

Damage and losses to plant products (excluding forest products, aquatic plant products and non-food or non-feed plant products) during harvesting and postharvest phases (handling, storage, transport, etc.), and remedial measures for their prevention and control

Pests and disease organisms injurious to plant products (excluding forest, aquatic plant and non-food or non-feed plant products); their occurrence and control

Damage to plant products (excluding forest, aquatic plant and non-food or non-feed plant products) caused by atmospheric factors, fire, equipment and other physical agents; its prevention and control

For:

feed processing and preservation, see	Q52
feed spoilage, see	Q53
food processing and preservation, see	Q02
food spoilage, see	Q03
forest seed processing, see	K10
handling, transport, storage and protection of aquatic plant products, see	J14
handling, transport, storage and protection of forest products, see	J12
handling, transport, storage and protection of non-food or non-feed plant products, see	J15
harvesting of aquatic plant products, see	M12
harvesting of forest products, see	K10
harvesting of plant products (excluding aquatic plant products), see	F01
primary processing of non-food or non-feed plant products, see	Q60
processing of forest products, see	K50
seed processing (excluding forest seed processing), see	F03
seed storage, see	F03

J12 Handling, transport, storage and protection of forest products

Handling, transport, storage and protection of forest products

Transport of forest products in the forest, to the mill, floating, etc.

On-site storage and other storage methods for forest products

Damage and losses to forest products during harvesting and postharvest phases (handling, storage, transport, etc.), and remedial measures for their prevention and control

Wood preservation

Pests and disease organisms injurious to forest products; their occurrence and control

Damage to forest products caused by atmospheric factors, fire, equipment and other physical agents; its prevention and control

For:

forest injuries and protection, see	K70
forest seed processing, see	K10
logging and other forms of harvesting, see	K10
processing of forest products, see	K50

J13 Handling, transport, storage and protection of animal products

Handling, transport, storage and protection of animal products (other than fisheries products, aquatic animal products, and non-food or non-feed animal products)

Handling and transport of domestic animals

Storage methods for animal products (excluding fisheries, aquatic animal, and non-food or non-feed animal products)

Storage methods for processed food and feed of animal origin; effects of storage conditions on food and feed quality: temperature, controlled atmosphere, etc.; shelf life

Damage and losses to animal products (excluding fisheries, aquatic animal, and non-food or non-feed animal products) during harvesting and postharvest phases (handling, storage, transport, etc.), and remedial measures for their prevention and control

Pests and disease organisms injurious to animal products (excluding fisheries, aquatic animal, and non-food or non-feed animal products); their occurrence and control

Damage to animal products (excluding fisheries, aquatic animal, and non-food or non-feed animal products) caused by atmospheric factors, fire, equipment and other physical agents; its prevention and control

For:

feed processing and preservation, see	Q52
feed spoilage, see	Q53
food processing and preservation, see	Q02
food spoilage, see	Q03
handling, transport, storage and protection of fisheries and aquatic animal products, see	J14
handling, transport, storage and protection of non-food or non-feed animal products, see	J15
harvesting of animal products (excluding aquatic animal products), see	L01
harvesting of aquatic animal products, see	M12
harvesting of fisheries products, see	M11
milking, see	L01
primary processing of non-food or non-feed animal products, see	Q60
slaughtering, see	L01

J14 Handling, transport, storage and protection of fisheries and aquacultural products

Handling, transport, storage and protection of fisheries and aquacultural products (excluding non-food or non-feed fisheries and aquacultural products)

Unloading and other quayside operations

Storage methods for fresh fisheries products and aquacultural products (excluding non-food or non-feed fisheries and aquacultural products); effects of storage conditions

Storage methods for processed food and feed from fisheries and aquacultural products; effects of storage conditions on food and feed quality: temperature, controlled atmosphere, etc.; shelf life

Damage and losses to fisheries and aquacultural products (excluding non-food or non-feed fisheries and aquacultural products) during harvesting and postharvest phases (handling, storage, transport, etc.), and remedial measures for their prevention and control

Pests and disease organisms injurious to fisheries and aquacultural products (excluding non-food or non-feed fisheries and aquacultural products); their occurrence and control

Damage to fisheries and aquacultural products (excluding non-food or non-feed fisheries and aquacultural products) caused by atmospheric factors, fire, equipment and other physical agents; its prevention and control

For:

feed processing and preservation, see	Q52
feed spoilage, see	Q53
food processing and preservation, see	Q02
food spoilage, see	Q03
handling, transport, storage and protection of non-food or non-feed fisheries and aquacultural products, see	J15
harvesting of aquacultural products, see	M12
harvesting of fisheries products, see	M11
primary processing of non-food or non-feed fisheries and aquacultural products, see	Q60

J15 Handling, transport, storage and protection of non-food or non-feed agricultural products

Handling, transport, storage and protection of non-food or non-feed plant products (excluding forest products): fibres, tobacco, cotton, cut flowers, etc.

Handling, transport, storage and protection of non-food or non-feed animal products: wool, fur, hides, leather, silk, etc.

Storage methods for non-food or non-feed agricultural products (excluding forest products); effects of storage conditions

Damage and losses to non-food or non-feed agricultural products (excluding forest products) of plant and animal origin during harvesting and postharvest phases (handling, transport, storage, etc.), and remedial measures for their prevention and control

Pests and disease organisms injurious to non-food or non-feed agricultural products (excluding forest products); their occurrence and control

Damage to non-food or non-feed agricultural products (excluding forest products) caused by atmospheric factors, fire, equipment and other physical agents; its prevention and control

For:

handling, transport, storage and protection of forest products, see	J12
harvesting of forest products, see	K10
harvesting of non-food or non-feed animal products, see	L01
harvesting of non-food or non-feed aquacultural products, see	M12
harvesting of non-food or non-feed fisheries products, see	M11
harvesting of non-food or non-feed plant products, see	F01
primary processing of non-food or non-feed agricultural products, see	Q60

K01 Forestry - General aspects

Considerations on forestry in general

Forest influence: the effect upon water, soil, climate and health resulting from the presence of forests

For:

K10 Forestry production

See also: F08 for Agro-forestry

Forest operations (including felling and tree extraction); methods for forestry production in general, experimental forests, private forests, farm woodlands, etc.

Forest mensuration: systems and units of measurement for stem dimensions and volume of trees, stands, forests and timber; increment and yield tables; computer models of forest stands

Assessment of site quality; forest mapping, surveys and reconnaissance

Urban forestry; shelterbelts and windbreaks

Care of forests for extensive silviculture; intensive silviculture methods

Silvicultural systems, silvicultural rotation, thinning, clear-felling system, selection system, timber stand improvement, control of growth and composition of forests, formation of stands, high forest systems, etc.

Forest tree propagation: renewal by self-sown seeds or by vegetative means, coppicing, natural regeneration, regeneration by cutting or felling, etc.; renewal by sowing or planting, artificial regeneration, afforestation and reforestation, forest nurseries, container grown tree seedlings, direct sowing, under-planting, advance planting, etc.

Prescribed or controlled burning in forests

Forest plantations; shade and ornamental and Christmas tree production

Forest seed production and processing

Forest yields: the quantity or aggregate of products resulting from forestry production; logging and other forms of harvesting forest products

For:

diseases of forest trees, see	H20
distribution and marketing of forest products, see	E70
drainage, see	P11
forest ecology, see	F40
forest engineering, see	K11
forest fires, see	K70
forestry machinery and equipment, see	N20
grading, standards, labelling of forest products, see	E70
irrigation, see	F06
organization, administration and management of forestry enterprises, see	E20
pests of forest trees, see	H10
physiology and biochemistry of forest trees, see	F60-F63
protection of forest products, see	J12
storage of forest products, see	J12
structure of forest trees, see	F50
surveying methods, see	U40
taxonomy, nomenclature and biogeography of forest trees, see	F70
transport of forest products, see	J12
tree breeding, see	F30
tree genetics, see	F30
weed control, see	H60
wood preservation, see	J12

K11 Forest engineering

Forest engineering, site clearing, grading, slope stability, etc.

Forest roads

For:

forestry machinery and equipment, see	N20
rural roads, see	N01
transport of forest products, see	J12

K50 Processing of forest products

Primary and secondary processing and properties of forest products and by-products

Wood: timber and lumber; seasoning and timberyard practices; woodworking, sawing, planing, milling, joining, etc.; fire testing, treatment for fire resistance, etc.; composite and reconstituted wood (plywood, veneers, fibre-board, hardboard, chipboard, etc.)

Pulp and paper: paper, packaging materials, insulation materials, etc. made from pulp

Chemical forest products and distillates: chemistry of cellulose and lignins; oleoresins, resins, turpentines, tars, pitch, etc.; other products such as gums, oils, waxes, dyestuffs, etc.

Forest by-products: production of products from bark, sawdust, chips, forest tree leaves and branches, etc.; indirect products such as osiers, canes, etc.

For:

distribution and marketing of forest products, see	E70
economics of forest products industries, see	E21
grading, standards, labelling, see	E70
preservation and protection of wood products, see	J12
wood structure, see	F50

K70 Forest injuries and protection

General techniques of forestry protection

Injuries (except pests and diseases) caused by man, atmospheric factors, equipment, toxic chemicals and other physical agents

Materials, methods and programmes for prevention and control of forest injuries

Forest fires: predisposing factors and causes, fire danger rating, fire prevention

Techniques and programmes for forest fire detection and control

Atmospheric effects on fires

For:

controlled burning, see	K10
diseases of forest trees and their control, see	H20
forest conservation, see	P01
forest fire detection and control equipment, see	N20
forest weeds, parasitic plants of forest trees and their control, see	H60
pests of forest trees and their control, see	H10
physiological disorders of forest trees, see	H50
protection of forest products, see	J12

L. ANIMAL SCIENCE, PRODUCTION AND PROTECTION

L01 Animal husbandry

General animal husbandry; production and care of useful animals (excluding aquatic animals and organisms used in pest and disease control)

Training, testing, sexing, branding and other means of identifying, exhibiting, judging

Animal rearing methods (other than animal aquaculture and rearing of organisms used in pest and disease control)

Husbandry methods: barrier, battery, free range, extensive, intensive, large scale, floor, deep litter; overwintering, shading, etc.

Livestock production: asses, horses, cattle, buffaloes, camels, goats, swine, sheep, etc.; meat production

Dairy farming, milking, etc.

Aviculture: poultry rearing, egg production, poultry meat production

Apiculture: beekeeping, rearing of honey-bees, hive management, honey production

Sericulture: rearing of silkworms, silk production

Rearing of other animals, such as fur animals, etc.

Slaughterhouse practices

Yields: the quantity or aggregate of products resulting from animal husbandry, slaughter weight, carcass weight; harvesting of animal products

For:

animal aquaculture, see	M12
animal breeding, see	L10
animal feeding (excluding feeding of aquatic animals and organisms used in pest and disease control), see	L02
animal housing structures, see	N10
animal physiology and biochemistry, see	L50-L53
animal protection, see	L70-L74
aquatic animal feeding, see	M12
aquatic animal production, see	M12
distribution and marketing of animal products, see	E70
farm management, see	E20
feeding of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
fisheries production, see	M11
handling, transport, storage and protection of animal products, see	J13
rearing of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73

L02 Animal feeding

See also: L51 for Animal nutrition physiology

Feeding techniques of useful animals (excluding aquatic animals and organisms used in pest and disease control)

Fattening; regimes, diets

Effects of feeding

Feeding systems: individual feeding; forced feeding; parenteral feeding; rations; restricted feeding, feedlots; unrestricted feeding: browsing, grazing: forest grazing, mixed grazing, paddock grazing, rotational grazing, strip grazing, tethered grazing

For:

effects of animal feeding on food quality, see	Q04
feed composition, see	Q54
feed contamination and toxicology, see	Q53
feed processing, see	Q52
feed technology, see	Q51
feeding of aquatic animals, see	M12
feeding of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
nutritive value of feed, see	Q54
range and grassland management, see	F01
silvo-pastoral system, see	F08

L10 Animal genetics and breeding

Genetics of useful aquatic and terrestrial animals (excluding organisms used in pest and disease control) and its application in the production and development of improved breeds and varieties; pedigrees

New breeds of animals

Breeding for resistance to pests, diseases and other factors; add categories for specific subjects as appropriate

Breeding programmes, methods and techniques: selection, line breeding, in-breeding, crossbreeding, hybridization, artificial insemination, etc.

Germplasm banks

For:

animal reproduction physiology, see	L53
animal resistance to climate, extreme conditions, see	L74
animal taxonomy, see	L60
genetics of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
hereditary and genetic disorders in animals, see	L74
legislative aspects of animal breeders' rights, see	D50
rearing of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
registration of animal breeds, see	D50

L20 Animal ecology

Useful animals (excluding aquatic animals and organisms used in pest and disease control) in relation to their environment; ecology; phenology

Environmental biology; effects of external influences on biological processes in useful terrestrial animals

Animal behaviour; communication; instinct; learning

Habitat; animal population structure

Climatic seasonal factors: hibernation, migration

Community life, colonies, symbiosis, etc.

For:

animal resistance to climate, extreme conditions, see	L74
aquatic animal ecology, see	M40
conservation of animals, animal wildlife management, game reserves and surveys, game hunting and sport fishing, see	P01
ecology of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
pest ecology, see	H10, L72

L40 Animal structure

Anatomy, cytology, histology, ultrastructure and morphology of useful aquatic and terrestrial animals (excluding organisms used in pest and disease control)

For:

animal metamorphosis, see	L52
animal physiology, see	L50-L53
pest structure, see	H10, L72
structure of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73

L50 Animal physiology and biochemistry

Do not include documents in which animals are dealt with as experimental organisms for theoretical, physiological or biochemical research

General aspects of physiology and biochemistry of useful aquatic and terrestrial animals (excluding organisms used in pest and disease control); circulation, respiration, etc.

Chemical composition, chemical analysis of useful animals (excluding organisms used in pest and disease control)

For:

animal metamorphosis, growth and development, see	L52
animal nutrition physiology, see	L51
animal reproduction physiology, see	L53
animal resistance to climate, extreme conditions, see	L74
immunology (general), see	L70
immunity: animal resistance to diseases, see	L73
immunity: animal resistance to pests, see	L72
pest physiology, see	H10, L72
physiological disorders of animals, see	L74
physiology and biochemistry of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73

L51 Animal physiology - Nutrition

See also: L02 for Techniques of feeding useful terrestrial animals; M12 for Techniques of feeding useful aquatic animals

Animal nutrition physiology involving the processes by which feed substances are transformed into body elements in useful aquatic and terrestrial animals (excluding organisms used in pest and disease control); ingestion, digestion, absorption and assimilation of nutrients, inanition, rumination, reserve formation, waste elimination, anabolism, catabolism, metabolism

For:

effects of aquatic animal feeding, see	M12
effects of terrestrial animal feeding, see	L02
feed technology, see	Q51-Q55
nutritional disorders in animals, see	L74
nutritional disorders in man, see	S30
nutritional physiology in man, see	S20
nutritional physiology in organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
pest nutrition physiology, see	H10, L72

L52 Animal Physiology - Growth and development

Growth and development of useful aquatic and terrestrial animals (excluding organisms used in pest and disease control); metamorphosis, animal senescence, cell differentiation, etc.

For:

growth and development of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
pest growth and development, see	H10, L72

L53 Animal physiology - Reproduction

Reproductive physiology of useful aquatic and terrestrial animals (excluding organisms used in pest and disease control)

Spermatogenesis, oogenesis, sex hormones, oestrus, ovulation, pregnancy, parturition, fertility, etc.

For:

animal genetics and breeding, see	L10
pest reproduction physiology, see	H10, L72
reproduction physiology of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
reproductive disorders in animals, see	L74
structure of reproductive system, see	L40
surgical intervention in parturition, see	L70

L60 Animal taxonomy and geography

Classification, identification, nomenclature and phylogeny of useful aquatic and terrestrial animals (excluding organisms used in pest and disease control)

Geographic distribution of animals; fauna

For:

animal ecology: aquatic, see terrestrial, see	M40 L20
animal genetics, see	L10
soil fauna, see	P34
taxonomy and distribution of organisms used in pest and disease control, see	H10, H20, L72, L73
taxonomy and distribution of pests, see	H10, L72

L70 Veterinary science and hygiene - General aspects

General considerations on veterinary medicine; veterinary surgery, dentistry, obstetrics

Veterinary organization and services

Post-mortem examinations; diagnostic methods

Veterinary hygiene; animal health inspection

Theoretical aspects of immunology in veterinary medicine; pharmacology of veterinary drugs

For:

animal diseases, see	L73
animal quarantine regulations, see	D50
immunity of animals to diseases, see	L73
immunity of animals to pests, see	L72
meat inspection, see	Q03
pests of animals, see	L72
physiological and genetic animal disorders, see	L74
resistance of animals to climate, extreme conditions, see	L74
veterinary education, training, see	C10
veterinary laboratory research methods, see	U30

L72 Pests of animals

Do not include information in which pests of animals are used for the study of general biological processes, e.g. genetics, and which does not have a direct bearing on their control or on the injury or irritation to useful animals caused by these organisms

Pests of useful aquatic and terrestrial animals, such as parasites, predators or vectors of pathogens

Insects, mites, ticks, helminths, protozoa, birds or mammals injurious to useful aquatic or terrestrial animals

Animal pest control materials, methods and programmes (including cultural, chemical, physical, mechanical, integrated and biological control); rearing of organisms used in animal pest control; genetics, ecology, structure, physiology, biochemistry and taxonomy of control organisms

Animal pest surveys

Immunity: animal resistance to pests, pest resistance to pesticides, etc.; immunization

Ecology, structure, physiology, biochemistry and taxonomy of animal pests

For:

animal diseases, see	L73
animal pest control equipment, see	N20
animal quarantine regulations, see	D50
breeding for resistance to pests of animals, see	L10
physiological and genetic animal disorders, see	L74
properties and examination of animal pathogens, disease-producing organisms, see	L73
protection of animal products, see	J13
toxicity of pesticides to humans, see	T10
toxicity of pesticides to useful animals, see	L74
toxicity of pesticides to useful plants, see	H50

L73 Animal diseases

Diseases of useful aquatic and terrestrial animals, and their causal organisms: bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, viruses, etc.

Zoonoses (animal diseases transmissible between animals and man)

Animal disease control materials, methods and programmes (including cultural, chemical, physical, mechanical, integrated and biological control); rearing of organisms used in animal disease control; genetics, ecology, structure, physiology, biochemistry and taxonomy of control organisms

Animal disease surveys

Immunity: animal resistance to infection, pathogen resistance to pesticides, etc.; immunization

Properties and examination of animal pathogens, disease-producing organisms

For:

animal disease control equipment, see	N20
animal quarantine regulations, see	D50
breeding for resistance to animal diseases, see	L10
deficiency diseases in animals, see	L74
genetic disorders in animals, see	L74
nutritional disorders in animals, see	L74
pests of animals, see	L72
physiological disorders in animals, see	L74
protection of animal products, see	J13
toxicity of pesticides to humans, see	T10
toxicity of pesticides to useful animals, see	L74
toxicity of pesticides to useful plants, see	H50

L74 Miscellaneous animal disorders

Physiological disorders in general, nutritional disorders, genetic disorders in useful aquatic and terrestrial animals; deficiency diseases

Injuries caused by atmospheric factors (such as heat, cold), fire, equipment and other physical agents

Materials, methods and programmes for prevention and control of animal disorders and animal injuries

Poisoning of useful animals by toxic substances (toxic chemicals, poisons, toxins, venoms), by poisonous plants

Animal resistance to climate, extreme conditions

For:

breeding for resistance to climate, extreme conditions, see	L10
damage to animal products, see	J13

M. FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

M01 Fisheries and aquaculture - General aspects

Do not include information on scientific studies in oceanography and limnology, unless it relates specifically to fisheries and aquaculture

General considerations on fisheries and aquaculture

Exploration and improvement of aquatic resources, both plant and animal, for human use

Conservation of aquatic life resources in general

For:

aquaculture industries, see	E21
aquaculture production, see	M12
fisheries industries, see	E21
fisheries production, see	M11
organization, administration and management of fisheries and aquacultural enterprises, see	E20

M11 Fisheries production

Methods for freshwater and marine fishing: including fishing strategies, fishing-grounds, etc.

Whaling, sealing and catching of other marine animals

Stock assessment; sampling; overfishing

Fisheries yields; harvesting of fisheries products

For:

aquaculture production, see	M12
distribution and marketing of fisheries products, see	E70
fisheries industries, see	E21
fishery harbours, see	N01
fishing equipment, see	N20
harvesting of aquacultural products, see	M12
hygienic aspects of fisheries products, see	Q03, Q53
organization, administration and management of fisheries enterprises, see	E20
protection of fisheries products, see	J14
sport fishing, see	P01
storage of fisheries products, see	J14
transport of fisheries products, see	J14

M12 Aquaculture production

See also: L51 for Animal nutrition physiology

Methods for animal and plant aquaculture

Rearing and care of fish, shellfish and other aquatic animals, pisciculture

Freshwater, seawater and brackish water farming: ponds, hatcheries, tanks, pens, etc.

Feeding of aquatic animals, plankton, nekton, etc.

Cultivation of aquatic plants for food, feed, energy, etc.

Aquaculture yields; harvesting of aquatic plants and animals

For:

aquaculture industries, see	E21
aquatic animal nutrition physiology, see	L51
aquatic plant nutrition physiology, see	F61
breeding of aquatic animals, see	L10
breeding of aquatic plants, see	F30
distribution and marketing of aquacultural products, see	E70
effects of aquatic animal feeding on food quality, see	Q04
equipment for aquaculture, see	N20
fisheries production, see	M11
harvesting of fisheries products, see	M11
hygienic aspects of aquacultural products, see	Q03, Q53
organization, administration and management of aquacultural enterprises, see	E20
protection of aquacultural products, see	J14
storage of aquacultural products, see	J14
transport of aquacultural products, see	J14

M40 Aquatic ecology

Ecology and biology of animal and plant life in fresh, brackish and marine waters

Littoral life

Behaviour: migrations, movements, rhythms

Population dynamics

For:

aquatic weeds, see	H60
effects of water pollution, see	T01

N. AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING

N01 Agricultural engineering

General considerations on engineering in relation to agriculture

Safety engineering; fire detection and control (but not forest fires); safety devices, accident prevention equipment

Electrical and electronic engineering: rural electrification, heating, lighting, telephones, etc.

Design, construction and maintenance of rural roads, railways, fishery harbours, etc.

Design, construction and maintenance of farm water supply systems, sewage and waste disposal systems

Hydraulic engineering in rural areas; hydraulic models, structures: breakwaters, dams, fishways, etc.; construction, operation and maintenance of water reservoirs, tanks, conduits and canals, water wells, etc.

For:

energy resources management, see	P05
forest engineering, see	K11
forest fires, see	K70
well surveys, see	P10

N02 Farm layout

Farm layout: outlines of roads, lanes, building sites, service areas, field arrangements, tile (drain) lines of a farm

For:

agricultural engineering, see	N01
agricultural structures, see	N10

N10 Agricultural structures

Design, materials, construction and maintenance of agricultural structures such as farm-houses; animal housing; plant housing: glass-houses, etc.; farm storage buildings: barns, silos, etc.; harvesting and handling buildings; ancillary buildings: garages, toolsheds, etc.; enclosures and protection installations; etc.

For:

agricultural machinery and equipment, see

N20

N20 Agricultural machinery and equipment

Agricultural hand and power equipment and machines used for: transportation of agricultural products, pest and disease control of plants and animals, plant production and protection, forestry production and protection (including forest fire detection and control equipment), animal production and protection, fisheries and aquaculture (including fishing vessels), water management (including drainage, irrigation and hydraulic machinery and equipment), etc.

For:

accident prevention equipment, see	N01
agricultural machinery industry, see	E2l
feed processing equipment, see	Q52
food processing equipment, see	Q02
meteorological instrumentation and equipment, see	P40
research equipment, see	U30

P. NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT

P01 Nature conservation and land resources

Do not include information on general ecology; for ecology related to specific subjects, see appropriate subject categories

General aspects of natural resources in relation to agriculture

Conservation of plants and vegetation; plant wildlife management; botanical gardens, arboreta

Conservation of animals; animal wildlife management, game reserves and surveys; game hunting and sport fishing

Land resources in general

Conservation and restoration of natural environment; national parks

Recreational uses of forest land, of farm land

Landscape management, landscape and scenery preservation

For:

agrotourism as an ancillary farm enterprise, see	E20
animal ecology: aquatic, see	M40
animal ecology: terrestrial, see	L20
aquaculture management, see	E20
aquatic ecology, see	M40
aquatic life resources in general, see	M01
economics of land development and utilization, see	E11
energy resources management, see	P05
farm holidays as an ancillary farm enterprise, see	E20
fisheries management, see	E20
forest ecology, see	F40
forest resources in general, see	K01
forestry management, see	E20
gardening, see	F01
human ecology, see	E50
land reform, see	E11
marine ecology, see	M40
plant ecology: aquatic, see	M40
plant ecology: terrestrial, see	F40
rural population ecology, see	E51
soil conservation, see	P36
soil resources, see	P30
water resources and management, see	P10

P05 Energy resources management

Use for energy resources management in relation to agriculture

Energy policies; energy situations

Energy economics, supply and demand; energetics, energy accounting, budget, subsidy, cost; energy flow, energy ratio

Conservation, requirements and use of energy (including animal draught, animal traction energy) in the production, processing, marketing and transportation of agricultural products

Energy storage; power conversion devices; power distribution

Power plants for agricultural or rural use

For:

non-renewable energy resources, see	P07
renewable energy resources, see	P06
rural electrification, electrical and electronic engineering, see	N01

P06 Renewable energy resources

Use for renewable energy resources in relation to agriculture

Development of energy for agricultural production or post-harvest processing from renewable energy resources such as solar energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, hydropower, windpower, biomass or organic sources (including agro-industrial wastes, algae, animal waste, crop residues, energy crops, manure, wood, etc.)

Conversion processes (alcoholic fermentation, distillation, gasification, etc.) for the production of combustibles (alcohol, biogas, etc.) to be used in agricultural applications utilizing agricultural products

For:

energy resources management, see	P05
non-renewable energy resources, see	P07

P07 Non-renewable energy resources

Use for non-renewable energy resources in relation to agriculture

Development of energy for agricultural production or post-harvest processing from conventional or non-renewable energy resources (such as petroleum, oil shale, natural gas, coal, peat, etc.)

For:

energy resources management, see	P05
renewable energy resources, see	P06

P10 Water resources and management

Resource potentialities and assessment of water for use in agriculture

Water resource management, planning and development: groundwater prospecting, integrated development of surface and groundwater, river basin development, watershed management

Water conservation

Flood forecasting, flood and river control, torrent control

Occurrence, distribution and circulation of waters through the hydrologic cycle of precipitation, run-off, infiltration and storage, eventual evaporation, transpiration and reprecipitation

Hydrogeology, hydrography

Hydromechanics

Results of water surveys; water mapping; well surveys

Water analysis: biological, chemical, physical

Nature and quality of water: brackish water, desalinated water, drinking water, freshwater, saline water, seawater

Water quality control

Water treatment; water purification, recycling, softening, chlorination, clarification, deionization, demineralization, desalination, distillation, filtration, fluoridation, etc.

Water supply and utilization; water availability, distribution, supply services

Water consumption

Water storage

Waste water treatment

For:

drainage, see	P11
erosion control, see	P36
hydraulic engineering, see	N01
hydrometeorology, see	P40
induced rainfall, see	P40
irrigation, see	F06
limnological aspects, see	M01
meteorology and climatology, see	P40
oceanographical aspects, see	M01
soil erosion by water, see	P36
surveying methods, see	U40
waste water use for fertilizing, see	F04
waste water use for irrigation, see	F06
water as power source, see	P06
water in soils, see	P33
water pollution, see	T01
water reservoirs, tanks, canals etc., see	N01

P11 Drainage

Agricultural drainage: removal of excess surface water or groundwater from agricultural land; surface drainage, subsurface drainage

Drainage surveys to determine the need for and requirements of a drainage system

Drainage system: network of furrows, ditches, tile drains, by which farm land is drained

For:

construction, operation and maintenance of conduits, canals, etc., see	N01
drainage equipment, see	N20
irrigation, see	F06
surveying methods, see	U40
watershed management, see	P10

P30 Soil science and management

Soil science in general

Resource potentialities of soils; soil capability

Soil resources planning and development

For:

economics of land development, see	E11
fertilizing, see	F04
irrigation, see	F06
land resources, see	P01
landscape management, landscape and scenery preservation, see	P01
losses of soil, soil conservation, see	P36
soil cultivation, see	F07
soil erosion, see	P36
soil fertility, see	P35
soil reclamation, see	P36
soil surveys, see	P31
water resources and management, see	P10

P31 Soil surveys and mapping

Results of soil surveys; soil mapping

For:

forest surveys and mapping, see	K10
soil classification, see	P32
surveying methods, see	U40
surveys of land use and capabilities, see	E11
water surveys and mapping, see	P10

P32 Soil classification and genesis

Spatial distribution of soils; genetic (zonal) and textural classification

Soil profiles; horizons and soil depth

Soil formation; weathering, transported soils, age of soils

For:

soil erosion, see	P36
soil surveys, see	P31

P33 Soil chemistry and physics

Soil chemistry: organic and inorganic chemistry of soils (but not biochemistry)

Soil analysis; soil evaluation; experimental techniques, field experiments

Soil physics; physical properties: aeration, texture, etc.; soil moisture content and water-retaining capacity, soil solution, permeability; absorption and adsorption, capillarity, infiltration; electrical and other physical aspects in relation to soils

Soil mechanics and structure, including structural condition and stability, porosity

Soil engineering

For:

biochemistry of soils, see	P34
classification of soils, see	P32
drainage, see	P11
irrigation, see	F06
soil erosion, see	P36
soil fertility, see	P35
soil surveys, see	P31

P34 Soil biology

Soil fauna (excluding pests) and flora (excluding soil-borne plant pathogens); soil-plant-animal relationships

Soil bacteriology and microbiology: ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen-fixation, inoculation, root nodulation, decomposition of non-nitrogenous compounds, conversion of inorganic substances, rhizobia, mycorrhiza

Soil biochemistry

Decomposition of litter; humus

For:

physiological aspect of symbiotic phenomenon, see	F61
plant pests in soil, see	H10
soil-borne plant pathogens, see	H20
soil sterilization and hygiene, see	F07

P35 Soil fertility

Soil conditions favourable for sustaining plant growth

Determination of soil fertility

Soil degradation, deterioration, exhaustion, impoverishment, and toxicity; leaching, salinity and desalination; nutrient availability, nutrient content

For:

application of fertilizers and manures, see	F04
biological input to soil fertility, see	P34
fertilizing, see	F04
mineral deficiencies in plants, see	H50
plant nutrition physiology, see	F61
soil analysis, see	P33
soil chemistry and physics, see	P33
soil conditioners, see	F04
soil conservation, see	P36
soil cultivation, see	F07
soil pollution, see	T01
soil sterilization, see	F07
utilization of wastes, sewage, sludge as fertilizers, see	F04

P36 Soil erosion, conservation and reclamation

Loss and movement of topsoil

Erosion by water or wind

Soil conservation; prevention and control of erosion by agricultural practices, soil or land fixation, and other methods

Soil reclamation, restoring of soil for cultivation

For:

drainage, see	P11
economics of land development and utilization, see	E11
forest shelterbelts and windbreaks, see	K10
leaching, see	P35
soil degradation, see	P35
soil salinity, see	P35

P40 Meteorology and climatology

Air and atmosphere; agrometeorology, including weather forecasting; temperature

Barometric pressure; humidity; winds; hydrometeorology, precipitation (excluding surface water aspects); induced rainfall

Agroclimatology, including bioclimate, microclimate, climatic influence, types, zones and changes

Climate and weather mapping

Meteorological instrumentation and equipment

For:

air pollution, see	T01
animal injury by atmospheric factors, see	L74
environmental pollution, see	T01
farming under specific climatic conditions, see	F08
forest injuries by atmospheric factors, see	K70
hydrology, see	P10
plant injury by atmospheric factors, see	H50
solar energy, see	P06
weathering in relation to soils, see	P32
wind and rain in relation to soil erosion, see	P36

Q. PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

Q01 Food science and technoloay

Food science and technology in general

For:

feed processing, see	Q52
feed technology, see	Q51
food processing, see	Q02
human nutrition, see	S01-S40
labelling, standards, grading of agricultural products, see	E70
legislative aspects of quality control of agricultural products, see	D50
packaging, see	Q80
primary processing of non-food or non-feed agricultural products, see	Q60
processing of agricultural wastes, see	Q70

Q02 Food processing and preservation

Basic technologies applied to the conversion of primary products into food for man

Processing of food products

Beneficial food micro-organisms; food microbiology, methods of using microbes in food processing: fermentation processes, etc.

Equipment and processing techniques of food and drink manufacture

Materials and methods for the preservation of foodstuffs and processed foods; includes preservation by:

· smoking, smoke-curing chemical methods (gas, salting, pickling)

· heat preserving (boiling, pasteurization, etc.)

· cold preserving (refrigeration, chilling, deep freezing)

· pressure, vibration, irradiation, electricity

· drying, dehydration, desiccation

· etc.

For:

constituents and composition of food, see	Q04
distribution and marketing of food, see	E70
feed processing and preservation, see	Q52
food contamination and toxicology, see	Q03
food quality, see	Q04
food industry, see	E21
food standards, see	E70
food storage, see	J10-J14
home food preservation, see	E80
human nutrition, see	S01-S40
legislative aspects of hygienic control of food products, see	D50
legislative aspects of quality control of food products, see	D50
primary processing and conservation of non-food or non-feed agricultural products, see	Q60
protection of agricultural products, see	J10-J15
storage of agricultural products, see	J10-J15
transport of agricultural products, see	J10-J15

Q03 Food contamination

Deleterious food micro-organisms

Food toxicology and spoilage: defects, disease organisms, adulteration, contamination, deterioration

Public health aspects of foodstuffs: meat inspection, food hygiene, food disease control, etc.

For:

beneficial food micro-organisms, see	Q02
feed contamination and toxicology, see	Q53
food preservation, see	Q02
food protection, see	J10-J14
food quality, see	Q04
food storage, see	J10-J14
legislative aspects of quality control of food products, see	D50

Q04 Food composition

Constituents and composition of foods

Chemical analysis of food

Food composition nutrients: proteins, amino acid, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, enzymes, vitamins, etc.

Food quality: nutritive value, calorific value; analysis, organoleptic testing (flavour, odour, appearance)

For:

feed composition, see	Q54
food additives, see	Q05
grading, standards and labelling of food, see	E70
legislative aspects of quality control of food products, see	D50
nutrition standards, see	S30
properties of unprocessed non-food or non-feed agricultural products, when ultimate use not known to be food or feed, see	Q60

Q05 Food additives

Materials added to food to improve colour, flavour, texture; seasonings, emulsifiers, stabilizers, sweeteners, etc.

For:

feed additives, see	Q55
food composition, see	Q04
public health aspects of foodstuffs, see	Q03

Q51 Feed technology

Animal feed technology in general

For:

animal feeding: aquatic, see	M12
animal feeding: terrestrial, see	L02
feed processing, see	Q52
food science and technology, see	Q01
hygienic control of feed, see	Q53
legislative aspects of quality control of feed, see	D50

Q52 Feed processing and preservation

Basic technologies applied to the conversion of primary products into feed for animals

Processing of feed

Fodder and silage processing

Beneficial feed micro-organisms; feed microbiology; methods of using microbes in feed processing, fermentation processes, fodder yeasts, etc.

Equipment and processing techniques of feed manufacture

Materials and methods for the preservation of feed

For:

animal feeding: aquatic, see	M12
animal feeding: terrestrial, see	L02
constituents and composition of feed, see	Q54
distribution and marketing of feed, see	E70
feed contamination and toxicology, see	Q53
feed industry, see	E21
feed inspection, hygienic control of feed, see	Q53
feed quality, see	Q54
feed standards, see	E70
feed storage, see	J10-J14
food processing and preservation, see	Q02
legislative aspects of quality control of feed, see	D50
primary processing and conservation of non-food or non-feed agricultural products, see	Q60
protection of agricultural products, see	J10-J15
storage of agricultural products, see	J10-J15
transport of agricultural products, see	J10-J15

Q53 Feed contamination and toxicology

Deleterious feed micro-organisms

Feed toxicology, adulteration, contamination, deterioration

Spoilage; disease organisms in feed

Feed inspection, hygienic control of feed

For:

beneficial feed micro-organisms, see	Q52
feed preservation, see	Q52
feed protection, see	J10-J14
feed quality, see	Q54
feed storage, see	J10-J14
food contamination and toxicology, see	Q03
legislative aspects of quality control of feed, see	D50

Q54 Feed composition

Constituents and composition of feed

Chemical analysis of feed

Feed quality: analysis, testing

Nutritive value of feed; feed formulae

For:

effects of feeding: aquatic animal, see	M12
effects of feeding: terrestrial animal, see	L02
feed additives and supplements, see	Q55
feeding methods: aquatic animal, see	M12
feeding methods: terrestrial animal, see	L02
food composition, see	Q04
grading, standards and labelling of feed, see	E70
legislative aspects of quality control of feed, see	D50
properties of unprocessed non-food or non-feed agricultural products, when ultimate use not known to be food or feed, see	Q60

Q55 Feed additives

Feed additives: substances added to feeding-stuffs or concentrates to balance livestock ration and improve animal growth

For:

animal feeding: aquatic, see terrestrial, see	M12 L02
feed composition, see	Q54
feed inspection, hygienic control of feed, see	Q53
food additives, see	Q05

Q60 Processing of non-food or non-feed agricultural products

Primary processing of non-food or non-feed plant products (excluding forest products): fibres, tobacco, cotton, etc.

Primary processing of non-food or non-feed animal products: wool, fur, hides, leather, silk, etc.

Properties of unprocessed non-food or non-feed agricultural products, when ultimate use not known to be food or feed

For:

feed processing, see	Q52
food processing, see	Q02
handling of non-food or non-feed agricultural products, see	J15
handling, transport, storage and protection of forest products, see	J12
processing of forest products, see	K50
protection of non-food or non-feed agricultural products, see	J15
storage of non-food or non-feed agricultural products, see	J15
transport of non-food or non-feed agricultural products, see	J15

Q70 Processing of agricultural wastes

Processing of agricultural wastes and by-products (excluding waste water treatment and production of energy from waste)

Waste management (excluding waste water management): waste disposal, waste recycling

Waste treatment (excluding waste water treatment): purification methods, physical and mechanical treatment, chemical treatment, biological treatment related to agriculture, etc.

For:

pollution and pollutants, see	T01
production of energy from waste, see	P06
use of wastes for fertilizing, see	F04
waste and sewage disposal systems, see	N01
waste water use for irrigation, see	F06
waste water treatment, see	P10

Q80 Packaging

Use for packaging of agricultural products in general; add categories for specific subjects as appropriate

Packaging of agricultural products: canning, bottling, hermetic sealing, vacuum packing, wrapping, coating, packeting, baling, etc.

For:

feed preservation, see	Q52
feed storage, see	J10-J14
food preservation, see	Q02
food storage, see	J10-J14
home food preservation, see	E80

S. HUMAN NUTRITION

S01 Human nutrition - General aspects

Human nutrition in general; nutritional status of populations

Attitudes of man in relation to foods, including behavioural, psychological, and social aspects; eating habits, food preferences

For:

consumer economics, see	E73
food aid, see	E14
food in the home, see	E80
food supply policies, see	E10
nutrition education and training, see	C10
nutrition programmes, see	S40
nutrition standards, see	S30
physiology of human nutrition, see	S20
public health aspects of food, see	Q03

S20 Physiology of human nutrition

Nutritional physiology in man: metabolism and utilization of nutrients; digestion

Hunger, thirst, inanition, nutritional requirements and growth, nutritional requirements and external environment

Breast feeding; infant nutrition; human milk; lactation; weaning; infant immunity

For:

nutrition standards, see	S30
physiology of animal nutrition, see	L51

S30 Diet and diet-related diseases

Nutritional and metabolic diseases and disorders, deficiencies, food allergies, malnutrition; their prevention and control

Nutrition standards; dietary surveys

Parenteral feeding

For:

animal feeding: aquatic, see terrestrial, see	M12 L02
food and eating habits, see	S01
home preparation of food and meals, see	E80
nutrition programmes, see	S40
nutritional and metabolic diseases and disorders in animals, see	L74

S40 Nutrition programmes

Nutrition programme planning, policies, administration; programme impact and evaluation

Community nutrition programme

Child nutrition programmes: school breakfast and lunch programmes, milk programmes, etc.

For:

diet and diet-related diseases, see	S30
food aid, see	E14
food situation planning, food supply policies, see	E10
nutrition standards, see	S30
physiology of human nutrition, see	S20

T. POLLUTION

T01 Pollution

Air, soil and water pollution and pollutants caused by or affecting agriculture; prevention and control

Degradation or susceptibility to degradation of the environment by natural phenomena or as a consequence of man's activities in agriculture; environmental damage by herbicides, pesticides

Radioactive contamination in relation to agriculture

For:

agricultural wastes, see	Q70
forest injuries caused by natural phenomena, man's activities, equipment, toxic chemicals and other physical agents, see	K70
hygienic control of feed, see	Q53
hygienic control of food, see	Q03
legislative aspects of pollution control, see	D50
nature conservation and management, see	P01
processing of agricultural wastes, see	Q70
public health aspects of foodstuffs, see	Q03
soil toxicity, see	P35
utilization of agricultural wastes and by-products, see appropriate categories
veterinary aspects of public health, see	L70
waste and sewage disposal systems, see	N01
waste management: waste disposal, waste recycling, see	Q70
waste water treatment, see	P10
water quality control, see	P10

T10 Occupational diseases and hazards

Use only for diseases and hazards to workers in the field of agriculture due to their occupational activities

Harmful effects of agricultural, occupational activities and work environment on workers' health and safety

Occupational or industrial accidents, injuries, safety hazards

For:

accident prevention education programmes, see	E50
accident prevention devices, see	N01
employment injuries benefits, see	E50
health insurance, see	E50
health protection education programmes, see	E50
health protection devices, see	N01
health services, see	E50
life insurance, see	E50
occupational health services, see	E50
personal accident insurance, see	E50
quality of working life, work environment, working conditions, see	E50
safety devices, see	N01
safety engineering, see	N01
social insurance, see	E50
zoonoses, see	L73

U. METHODOLOGY

U10 Mathematical and statistical methods

General considerations on mathematical and statistical METHODS pertaining to agriculture; for statistical data on specific subject matters, see appropriate subject categories

Computer modelling, programming

For:

computer models of forest stands, see	K10
econometric models of markets, see	E70
econometrics in general, economic models, see	E10

U30 Research methods

General considerations on research METHODS and TECHNIQUES in relation to food and agriculture; for research results on specific subjects, see appropriate subject categories

Research equipment, laboratory equipment

For:

agricultural research administration, see	A50
experimental stations and farms in relation to education, see	C10
market research, see	E70

U40 Surveying methods

General considerations on surveying METHODS and TECHNIQUES in relation to agriculture; for results of surveys in specific fields, see appropriate subject categories

Ground surveys, aerial surveys, photo interpretation, remote sensing including the use of satellites: environmental satellites (Meteosat), earth resources satellites (Landsat)

For:

drainage surveys, see	P11
forest surveys, see	K10
land use surveys, see	E11
rural population surveys, see	E51
soil surveys, see	P31
water surveys, see	P10