FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 338 An introduction to monitoring, control and surveillance systems for capture fisheries |
Prepared by
P. Flewwelling
Consultant
Reprinted 1999
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
M-43
ISBN 92-5-103584-9
All rights reserved, No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 1994 © FAO 1994
This paper is intended as a technical reference for all Fisheries Administrators. It is hoped that it will contribute towards efforts to implement coastal and offshore fisheries management schemes using appropriate strategies of monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) wherever they are needed.
Mr Peter Flewwelling is President of Ocean Resources Limited, 29 Crimson Drive, Lower Sackville, Nova Scotia, Canada, B4C 3L2.
Special thanks are given to the staff of FAO who took time and effort to offer their advice and experience in the design and review of this paper. Further, thanks and sincere appreciation for the support and assistance from the official reviewers from the South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency; the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the Seychelles Fishing Authority; Mr. Winston Miller, the Chair of the Belize Fisheries Advisory Board and former Fisheries Administrator; and to Peter Derham, a well known fisheries manager with extensive international experience. My thanks go also to the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the International Centre for Ocean Development (ICOD) and Roche International for permission to use their graphics and materials from other projects. Finally, my sincere appreciation to all those unofficial advisors who took the time to review and offer advice during the development of this paper.
DISTRIBUTION
FAO Fisheries Department
FAO Legal Office
FAO Regional Fishery Officers
Directors of Fisheries
Selected Institutes and Projects
Regional and International Fisheries Organizations
Flewwelling, P. An introduction to monitoring, control and surveillance for capture fisheries FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 338. Rome, FAO. 1995. 217 p. |
ABSTRACT |
The paper has been designed as a handbook for Fisheries Administrators (a term used to denote those fisheries authorities responsible for decisions regarding the fisheries of their country) for their consideration when establishing, or enhancing, monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) systems in support of fisheries management initiatives. The paper is divided into three main parts: definition and context of an MCS system; design considerations for MCS; and, MCS operational procedures. Annexes provide detailed examples of operational issues to be addressed in MCS system design and implementation. |
Hyperlinks to non-FAO Internet sites do not imply any official endorsement of or responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data or products presented at these locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. The sole purpose of links to non-FAO sites is to indicate further information available on related topics.
3. MONITORING, CONTROL AND SURVEILLANCE: DEFINITION AND CONTEXT
3.3 Role in fisheries management
4. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR MCS
4.1.1 Geographic, demographic, marine industry and international factors
4.1.3 Political will and commitment
4.2 Organizational considerations
4.2.1 National, sub-regional and regional structures
4.2.2 Roles and responsibilities
4.2.3 Core infrastructure requirements
4.2.5 Financial considerations
4.4.2 Impact of civil and common law systems
4.4.3 Core components of fisheries legislation
4.5.2 Inter-ministerial liaison
5.8 Port State control and FAO “flagging agreement”
A. Fishing Vessel Identification and Marking
B. Fishing Gear Identification
C. Core Components of a Fisheries Officer Operational Manual
D. Core Components of Fisheries Officer Training
E. Core Components of Observer Training
F. Core Components of MCS Reports
G. Core Components of a Fisheries Management Plan
H. Components of the Prosecution Process
I. International Law Influencing Fisheries Management
J. Table to Indicate Key MCS Components
ADB | ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK |
ASEAN | ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS |
CARICOM | CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY |
CECAF | FAO FISHERY COMMITTEE FOR THE EASTERN CENTRAL |
ATLANTIC | |
CFRAMP | CARICOM FISHERIES RESOURCE ASSESSMENT AND |
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM | |
CIDA | CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY |
CONVENTION | 1982 UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE |
SEA | |
DFAS | DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES OF |
SCOTLAND | |
EEC | EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY |
EEZ | EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE |
ETA | ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL |
ETD | ESTIMATED TIME OF DEPARTURE |
FAD | FISH AGGREGATING DEVICE |
FAO | FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED |
NATIONS | |
FFA | SOUTH PACIFIC FORUM FISHERIES AGENCY |
GPS | GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM |
ICOD | INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR OCEAN DEVELOPMENT |
ILO | INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION |
IMO | INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED |
NATIONS | |
IOFC | INDIAN OCEAN FISHERIES COMMISSION |
IOMAC | INDIAN OCEAN MARINE AFFAIRS CO-OPERATION PROGRAM |
IPTP | INDO-PACIFIC TUNA PROGRAM |
IRCS | INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS UNION RADIO |
CALL | SIGNS |
ITQ | INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTA |
ITU | INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS UNION |
LOA | LETTER OF AGREEMENT |
LUX-DEV. | DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM |
MARPOL 73/78 | INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION OF |
POLLUTION FROM SHIPS | |
MCS | MONITORING, CONTROL AND SURVEILLANCE |
NAFO | NORTHWEST ATLANTIC FISHERIES ORGANIZATION |
OECS | ORGANIZATION OF EASTERN CARIBBEAN STATES |
SFA | SEYCHELLES FISHING AUTHORITY |
SOLAS | INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA |
SQ3 | FLAG SIGNAL- “STOP OR HEAVE TO, I AM GOING TO BOARD |
YOU” | |
UK | UNITED KINGDOM |
UNCED | UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND |
DEVELOPMENT | |
UNDP | UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME |
USA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA |
USSR | FORMER UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS |
VMS | VESSEL MONITORING SYSTEM |