Table 70. Pond culture and management of milkfish, tilapia, and shrimp farming in the Philippines

Culture Aspect		Milkfish	Tilapia	Shrimp
Culture environment		BW1	FW2 or BW	BW
Pond size (ha)		0.5-8	0.1-1	0.25-2
Pond depth (cm)	Extensive	25-75	50-80	50-80
	Semi-int.	75-100	80-100	80-100
	Intensive	100-120	100-150	100-120
Water source/ management	Extensive	tidal	BW - tidal; FW - rain fed	tidal
	Semi-int.	tidal with supplemental pumping	BW - tidal with supplemental pumping FW - rain fed, with or without supplemental pumping	tidal with supplemental pumping
	Intensive	mainly pumping with supplemental aeration	BW - mainly pumping with supplemental aeration FW - pumping with supplemental aeration	mainly pumping with regular aeration
Stocking Density (pcs/m2)	Extensive	0.2-0.6	0.5-2	0.5-2
	Semi-int.	0.8-1.2	2-4	5-8
	Intensive	> 2	> 4	12-40
Stocking Size (growout; g)	Extensive	100-200	3-5	wild PL
	Semi-int.	60-150		PL 15-20
	Intensive	< 20		PL 15-20
Harvest Size (g)	Ext./Semi.	200-400	200-400	31-60
	Intensive	300-500	200-250	26-35
Survival (%)	Ext./Semi.	85-95 (from juveniles)	80-90	40-60
	Intensive	80-90 (from fingerlings)	75-85	40-80
Culture Period (days)	Extensive	30-75	120-150	120-150
	Semi-intensive	60-135		120-150
	Intensive	120-150		140-180
Gross Yield/Ha/Crop (kg)	Extensive	700-2,000	1,000-2,000	200-500
	Semi-intensive	2,000-4,000	2,000-6,000	800-2,000
	Intensive	4,000-12,000	6,000-15,000	3,000-9,000
Crops/y	Extensive	2-5	2-3	2-2.5

¹ BW - brackishwater
² FW - freshwater