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Preface

Acknowledgements

Acronyms / Abbreviations

Executive summary

1. What technical innovations are leading to improvements in food production with SARD?

Land and soil quality improvements

Benin: Mucuna (velvetbean) cover cropping
Honduras, Guatemala and Nicaragua: Hillside improvement
Kenya: Adaptive research programme, Environmental Action Team (EAT)
Philippines: Contour farming on sloping lands in Claveria
Senegal: Rodale Regenerative Agriculture Research Center

Better efficiency of green and blue water use

Burkina Faso: Soil and water conservation
China: East Gansu Sustainable Agricultural Techniques for Effective Use of Rainfall Resources
India: The Society for Peoples Education and Economic Change, Tamil Nadu
Malawi: Small-scale aquaculture
Peru: Raised fields in Lake Titicaca Basin

Pest management with minimum/zero pesticides

Bangladesh: Integrated pest management for rice
Kenya: Vutu-sukumu (push-pull) pest management in smallholder systems
Philippines: Integrated pest management for highland vegetables
Zimbabwe: Organic farming of cotton with natural pest management

Whole system redesign and large-scale adoption

China: Wheat-Maize Double Cropping System Programme, Hebei Plain
India: The spread of soybean cultivation
Lesotho: Machobane farming system
Madagascar: System of rice intensification (SRI)
Nepal: Jajarkot Permaculture Programme
India: Participatory integrated watershed development
Brazil: Conservation No Tillage Agriculture:
Burkina Faso: Small scale irrigation development under the Special Programme for Food Security
Bangladesh: Co-operative dairy development programme
Zambia: Community-based seed multiplication and distribution

2. What novel institutional partnerships and joint working arrangements have been developed for the implementation of Agenda 21?

Novel partnerships

France: National park partnerships
India: Indo-German Watershed Development Programme, Maharashtra
Kenya: Ministry of Agriculture catchment approach to soil and water conservation
United Kingdom: The North York Moors National Park Farm Scheme, North Yorkshire

Social groups and federations

Colombia: Comité de Investigación Agrícola Local (CIAL) in Colombia and seven other countries of Latin America
Japan: Consumer cooperatives link to farmers
Kenya: Community Mobilization against Desertification (C-MAD) programme
Senegal: Federation of Senegalese NGOs (FONGS)

Private sector and sustainable agriculture

Worldwide: Unilever plc and Sustainable Agriculture Initiative
South Africa: Bayer (Pty) Ltd and integrated production in deciduous fruit and vines

3. What examples of enabling policies have been implemented by governments to support sustainable land management and SARD?

National integrated policies

Progress on SARD within Countries
Cuba: National policy for sustainable agriculture
Switzerland: National policy for sustainable agriculture

Subnational (province, state) and sectoral policies

Brazil: Microbacias (watersheds) and zero-tillage (ZT) programme in Santa Caterina
Canada: The Toronto Food Policy Council
Germany: Regional support from the Länder
India: Government of Rajasthan Watershed Development Programme
The Philippines: National Irrigation Administration
Solomon Islands: Vocational training in rural training centres
United States of America: Support to farmers' markets

Integrated pest management

India: National IPM Programme
Indonesia: National Integrated Pest Management for Rice Programme
Sri Lanka: National Integrated Pest and Crop Management Programme
Viet Nam: IPM in rice in Mekong Delta

Soils and land management

Brazil: Zero-tillage in large-scale farms in Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul
Malawi: Agroforestry extension project (MAFE)

Economic instruments

Europe: Environmental taxes in agriculture

Support for farmers' associations and groups

Australia: National policy for landcare groups
India: Water users associations in Gujarat
Pakistan and India: Micro-Finance for local groups

4. What rural development outcomes have occurred with successful implementation of SARD?

Improvements in women's and children's status

Kenya: Benefits to childrens health and nutrition
Uganda: household livestock development
Zimbabwe: Chivi Food Security Project

Rural jobs and migration patterns

India: KRIBHCO Indo-British Rainfed Farming Project (West)
Italy: Multifunctional olive cultivation contributes to local jobs
Mexico: ISMAM fair-trade coffee
Niger: Soil and water conservation
United States of America: Green enterprises in Willapa Watershed of the Pacific Northwest

Dietary and reproductive health

Bolivia: PRODINPO (Integrated development programme, World Neighbors, Northern Potosí)
China: Rice-fish systems benefit health in Jiangsu Province
Ethiopia: Cheha Integrated Rural Development Project

5. What wider environmental outcomes have been achieved with successful implementation of Agenda 21?

Regional biodiversity improvements

El Salvador: Promotion of biodiversity conservation within coffee landscapes
Estonia: Integrated management of Matsalu wetland
Greece: Organic agriculture in Prespa National Park
Spain and Scotland: Agricultural systems that benefit bird biodiversity
United States of America: The Darby Watershed Project, Ohio
Wales: The Red Kite Project

Water quality and quantity improvements

Sri Lanka: The rehabilitation of Gal Oya Irrigation Scheme in Sri Lanka
United States of America: Clean drinking-water from agricultural watersheds in New York State

Calculations of externalities (side-effects) of agriculture

Externalities in Europe and North America

New carbon sinks in agriculture

Summary of carbon issues in agriculture
Argentina: No or Zero-till farming

Conclusions

References cited

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