General Information
· Main climates: Boreal, Temperate Continental
· Total land area: 1 707 540 000 ha
· Internal renewable water resources: 4 030 km3
· Incoming water flow: 227 km3
· GNP per capita, 1998: PPP$ -
· Main food consumed:
· Rice supply, 1999: 8.2 kg paddy/capita/year
Basic Statistics
|
1990 |
1995 |
1999 |
2000 |
RICE |
|
|
|
|
Harvested area (T ha) |
NA |
144.0 |
162.3 |
175.8 |
Yield (kg/ha) |
NA |
3206 |
2735 |
2502 |
Production (T t) |
NA |
461.9 |
444.0 |
440.0 |
Imports (T t) |
NA |
145.6 |
558.0 |
NA |
Exports (T t) |
NA |
90.7 |
4.7 |
NA |
OTHERS |
|
|
|
|
Population (M) |
NA |
148.0 |
147.1 |
NA |
Agr population (M) |
NA |
17.7 |
15.8 |
NA |
Irrigated agr area (T ha) |
NA |
5362 |
NA |
NA |
Fertilizer cons (T t) |
NA |
1750 |
NA |
NA |
Agr tractor in use (T units) |
NA |
1052 |
NA |
NA |
Producing Zones and Cropping Seasons
Rice is cultivated mostly in the areas near by the Black Sea and Ukraine. The following table shows the harvested areas from different producing zones.
Production Zone |
Harvested area (% to total harvested area) |
Krrasnodar |
70.35 |
Rostov |
17.59 |
Actpakhan |
12.06 |
Rice can be grown only once a year.
Cropping season |
Planting |
Harvesting |
Main season |
5-6 |
8-9 |
Production Practices
Rice is planted only under irrigated conditions, in medium to large and highly mechanised farms. The conditions of the farm equipment, however, have been deteriorating. Direct seeding by broadcasting is the popular method of crop establishment. In the past, rice crops are applied with adequate rate of fertilizers and other agro-chemicals for crop protection. Rice varieties belong to japonica subspecies.
Variety Name |
Planted location |
Growth duration (days) |
Alakulsky |
All rice areas |
115-125 |
Altair |
All rice areas |
115-125 |
Dubovsky 129 |
Kublan, Krasnodar |
100-110 |
Dunai |
All rice areas |
115-125 |
Gorizont |
All rice areas |
115-125 |
Gorizont |
All rice areas |
115-125 |
Horizont |
All rice areas |
115-125 |
Izumrd |
All rice areas |
80-87 |
Jemchujnyi |
All rice areas |
115-125 |
Kendzo |
All rice areas |
115-125 |
Khazar |
All rice areas |
115-125 |
Kph-1 |
All rice areas |
80-87 |
Krasnodarsky 3352 |
Krasnodar |
125 |
Krasnodarsky 424 |
East Europe, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan. In 1981 it was planted to 227 100 Ha |
125 |
Krasnodarsky 89 |
Krasnodar |
125 |
Kuban 3 |
In 1991 it was planted to 195 000 ha |
110-120? |
Kulon |
Krasnodar |
125-130 |
Kurtchanka |
Krasnodar |
119 |
Leader |
Krasnodar |
120-125 |
Liman |
All rice areas |
110-120 |
Malysh |
Krasnodar |
110-120 |
Pavlovsky |
Northern Caucasus |
116 |
Pervotzvet |
All rice areas |
80-87 |
Primanychesky |
All rice areas |
110-120 |
Primorsky |
All rice areas |
110-120 |
Rapan |
All rice areas |
116 |
Slavyannetz |
Krasnodar, Ukraine |
120-125 |
Snezhinka |
All rice areas |
116-120 |
Soyuzny 244 |
All rice areas |
110-120 |
Spalchik |
Kuban, Krymsk, Kherson-Ukraine, Dagestan. In 1989 it was planted to 143 700 ha |
116 |
Sprint |
Krasnodar |
90 |
Ushtobinsky |
All rice areas |
110-120 |
Vevel |
All rice areas |
110-120 |
Vniir 8847 |
All rice areas |
120-125 |
Zernogradsky |
All rice areas |
110-120 |
Zolotistyi |
All rice areas |
110-120 |
Malysh |
Krasnodar |
NA |
Solaris |
All rice areas |
NA |
Start |
All rice areas |
NA |
Constraints and Issues of Sustainable Production
There are several constraints to sustainable rice production in Portugal. Followings are the major:
Low temperature and short season
High production costs
Lack of research and extension support
Salinity in rice soil
Sustainable rice production requires appropriate policy to provide support to farmers regarding input supply and provision of services for the maintenance and improvement of farm equipment. The opening of rice market under WTO would also have important effect on production.
Research and Development Institutes
· Interbranch State Association "RIS", 353204 Krasnodar, P.O. Belozernoe, Russia; Tel (8612) 566396; Fax (8612) 509324.
· All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street 190000 St. Petersburg Phone: (812) 314-4848 Telex: 871 121414 ALEX Fax: (7-812) 311-8762