PARASITE-HOST LIST

Ichthyobodo sp.

(F)

Syn.: Costia sp.

Location: not specified

Host: fish

Dist.: Bangladesh

Record: Chowdhury 1993^[4]

Chilodonella sp.

(F)

Location: gills, skin

Hosts: Catla catla (1,2)

Cyprinus carpio (2)

Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (2)

fish (3)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Hossain and Khan 1992 (-); 2. Banu et al. 1993 (Dhaka), 3. 1999 (-)

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876^[5]

(F)

Location: body surface

Hosts: Catla catla (4)

Cirrhinus cirrhosus (2)
Labeo rohita (4)
fish (1,3,5)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Hossain and Barua 1991 (-); 2. Hossain and Khan 1992 (-); 3. Chowdhury 1993 (-)^[6]; 4. Banu et al. 1993 (Dhaka), 5. 1999 (-)

Remarks: Hossain and Barua (1991) noted that ichthyophthiriosis is the most common protozoan disease found in Bangladesh.

Ichthyophthirius sp.

(F)

?Includes: "white spot" auctorum

Location: not specified

Hosts: Cirrhinus cirrhosus (1)

fish (2)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Collis 1993 (Dhaka)^[7]; 2. Hossain 1993 (-)

Remarks: We tentatively refer the above records of "white spot" to Ichthyophthirius.

Apiosoma sp.

(F)

Location: not specified

Host: fish

Dist.: Bangladesh

Record: Banu et al. 1999

Trichodina sp.

(F)

Location: gills, skin

Hosts: Catla catla (6)

Channa punctata (3)
Cirrhinus cirrhosus (6)
Clarias batrachus (6)
C. gariepinus (6)
Ctenopharyngodon idellus (1,6)
Cyprinus carpio (6)
Hypopthalmichthys molitrix (6)
Labeo rohita (6)
Mastacembelus sp. (3)
carp (2)
fish (4,5,7)

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka, Rajshahi

Records: 1. Hossain and Khan 1992 (-); 2. Anon. 1992 (-), 3. 1993 (Chittagong, Rajshahi); 4. Chowdhury 1993 (-)^[8]; 5. Hossain 1993 (-); 6. Banu et al. 1993 (Dhaka), 7. 1999 (-)

Tripartiella sp.

(F)

Location: not specified

Host: Anabas testudineus

Dist.: Chittagong

Record: Anon. 1993

Myxobolus sp.

(F)

Location: gills, skin

Hosts: Barbodes gonionotus (7)

Catla catla (1,7,8)
Cirrhinus cirrhosus (1,4,8)
Clarias batrachus (8)
Ctenopharyngodon idellus (8)
Labeo rohita (1,2,8)
fish (3,5,6,9)

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka, Rajshahi

Records: 1. Sanaullah and Ahmed 1980 (Chittagong, Dhaka); 2. Ahmed 1982 (-), 3.1993 (-); 4. Hossain and Khan 1992 (-); 5. Sanaullah 1993 (-); 6. Hossain 1993 (-); 7. Anon. 1993 (Rajshahi)^[9]; 8. Banu et al. 1993 (Dhaka), 9. 1999 (-)

Remarks: Sanaullah and Ahmed (1980) reported on the pathology of gill myxoboliasis causing heavy mortalities in cultured Indian major carps.

Thelohanellus dogieli Akhmerov, 1955

(F)

Location: epidermis at base of fins

Host: Labeo rohita

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Hossain et al. 1978

Myxobolidae gen. sp.

(F)

Includes: "gill myxoboliasis"

Location: gills

Host: Catla catla

Dist.: Chittagong

Record: Golder et al. 1983

Remarks: This report is based on the results of a survey of fish farmers completed by Golder et al. (1983). While "rui," "mrigal" and "carpio" were also present along with "catla" in ponds showing gill myxoboliasis, it is not clear if these other cyprinids were also infected.

Protozoa gen. sp.

(F)

Location: skin, muscles

Hosts: Catla catla

Heteropneustes fossilis

Dist.: Bangladesh

Record: Anon. 1974 (-)

Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) Braun, 1899 metacercaria

(F)

Syn.: Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819)

Location: skin, fins, gills, muscle

Hosts: Clarias batrachus (2)

Heteropneustes fossilis (1)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Chandra and Banerjee 1993b (Dhaka); 2. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: The synonymy follows Gibson (1996).

Clinostomum giganticum Agarwal, 1960 metacercaria

(F)

Location: body cavity

Host: Nandus nandus

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Chandra and Banerjee 1993b

Clinostomum sp. Metacercaria

(F)

Location: body cavity, muscle

Hosts: Clarias batrachus (2)

Heteropneustes fossilis (1)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Islam et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 2. Banu et al. 1993 (Dhaka)

Euclinostomum heterostomum (Rudolphi, 1809) Travassos, 1928 metacercaria

(F)

Location: liver

Hosts: Channa punctata

C. striata

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Chandra and Banerjee 1993b

Euclinostomum multicaecum Tubangui and Masiluñgan, 1935 metacercaria^[10]

(F)

Location: liver, muscles, kidney, pharyngeal wall, external surface of alimentary canal

Hosts: Channa punctata (2,3,4,5)

C. striata (1)
Heteropneustes fossilis (2)
Mystus tengara (2)
Nandus nandus (2)
Ompok pabda (2)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Hossain et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 2. Chandra 1983a (Dhaka), 3. 1984a (Dhaka), 4. 1984b (Dhaka); 5. Huq et al. 1983 (Dhaka)

Euclinostomum sp. Metacercaria

(F)

Location: liver

Hosts: Ompok pabda (2)

Heteropneustes fossilis (1)

Records: 1. Amin et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 2. Hussain and Ali 1986 (Dhaka)

Neascus sp. metacercaria

(F)

Location: [skin]

Hosts: Catla catla

Cirrhinus cirrhosus

Labeo rohita

Record: Sanaullah 1984^[11]

Posthodiplostomum minimum (MacCallum, 1921) Dubois, 1936 metacercaria

(F)

Location: muscle, viscera

Host: Clarias batrachus

Dist.: Bangladesh

Record: Ahmed and Ezaz 1997

Bucephalus mystusi Chandra and Banerjee, 1993

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Sperata aor

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Chandra and Banerjee 1993a

Bucephalus polymorphus Baer, 1827

(F)

Location: stomach

Host: Atropus atropos

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Remarks: As Bucephalus polymorphus is a parasite of European freshwater fishes (see Hoffman 1998), this report from a marine fish from Bangladesh is considered a misidentification.

Bucephalus sp.

(F)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Silonia silondia (3,4)

Sperata aor (1,2,3,4)

Dist.: Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 2. Ahmed 1981 (-); 3. Chandra 1992a (Dhaka), 4. 1993b (Dhaka)

Prosorhynchoides aspinosiensis (Bashirullah and Hafizuddin, 1971) n. comb.

(F)

Syn.: Neobucephalopsis aspinosiensis

Bashirullah and Hafizuddin, 1971^[12]

Location: intestine

Host: Clupisoma garua

Dist.: Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah and Hafizuddin 1971 (Dhaka); Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed 1981 (-); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Prosorhynchoides clupisomius (Bashirullah and Hafizuddin, 1976) n. comb.

(F)

Syn.: Neobucephalopsis clupisomius

Bashirullah and Hafizuddin, 1976^[13]

Location: intestine

Host: Eutropiichthys murius

Dist.: Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Bashirullah and Hafizuddin 1976 (Dhaka); Ahmed 1981 (-); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Prosorhynchoides sp.

(F)

Syn.: Bucephalopsis sp.

Neobucephalopsis sp.

Location: intestine

Hosts: Eutropiichthys murius (1,2,3)

Sperata aor (3)

Dist.: Dhaka?, Sylhet?

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 2. Ahmed 1981 (-); 3. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: The synonymy follows Srivastava and Chauhan (1973) and is supported by Dr. R.M. Overstreet (pers. comm.).

Faustula brevichrus (Srivastava, 1935) Yamaguti, 1958

(M)

Location: intestine

Host: Tenualosa ilisha

Dist.: Chittagong, Bay of Bengal

Records: Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal); Zaman et al. 1992b (Chittagong), 1994 (Chittagong); D'Silva and Khatoon 1997 (Bay of Bengal)

Remarks: This species was redescribed by D'Silva and Khatoon (1997).

Faustula sp.

(M)

Location: intestine

Host: Hilsa kelee

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Steringotrema sp.

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Puntius sophore

Dist.: Dhaka?, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed 1981 (-)

Remarks: As members of this genus are typically parasites of marine teleosts, this record from a freshwater cyprinid is rather dubius.

Rhynchopharynx paradoxa Odhner, 1928

(M)

Location: stomach, intestine

Host: Macrognathus aculeatus

Dist: Bangladesh

Record: Khanum and Parveen 1997

Remarks: Rhynchopharynx is a monospecific genus that is known only from the ocean sunfish (Mola mola), a species widely distributed in the world's warm and temperate oceans (see Bray and Gibson 1977). We consider the above record from a freshwater fish of Bangladesh to involve a misidentification.

Aphanurus stossichi (Monticelli, 1891) Looss, 1907

(M)

Location: stomach

Hosts: Dussumieria acuta (2)

Tenualosa ilisha (1,3,4,5)

Dist.: Chittagong, Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal); 2. Ahmed et al. 1986 (Bay of Bengal); 3. Zaman et al. 1992b (Chittagong), 4. 1994 (Chittagong); 5. D'Silva and Khatoon 1997 (Bay of Bengal)

Remarks: This species was redescribed by D'Silva and Khatoon (1997).

Opisthadena sp.

(M)

Location: stomach

Host: Dussumieria acuta

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Ahmed et al. 1986

Gonocera crassa Manter, 1934

(M)

Location: intestine

Host: Ompok bimaculatus

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: Khanum et al. 1996 (Dhaka); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: This digenean is a stomach parasite of marine fishes. Its report from a freshwater silurid catfish of Bangladesh likely involves a misidentification. Gibson (1976) considered Gonocerca crassa a probable synonym of G. phycidis Manter, 1925.

Genarchopsis bangladensis Bashirullah and Elahi, 1972^[14]

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Channa punctata

Dist.: Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah and Elahi 1972a (Dhaka); Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed 1981 (-)

Genarchopsis bashiri Hafizuddin and Khan, 1973

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Heteropneustes fossilis

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: Hafizuddin and Khan 1973a (Dhaka); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Genarchopsis dasus (Gupta, 1951) Yamaguti, 1958

(F)

Syn.: Ophiocorchis dasus Gupta, 1951

Location: stomach, intestine

Hosts: Channa punctata (1,2)

Glossogobius giuris (1,2,3)

Dist: Dhaka

Records: 1. Ahmed 1981 (-); 2. Ahmed and Saha 1983 (Dhaka); 3. Chandra and Banerjee 1993b (Dhaka)

Genarchopsis lobata (Srivastava, 1933) Yamaguti, 1954

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Channa gachua

Dist.: Dhaka?, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed 1981 (-)

Genarchopsis macrocotyle Coil and Kuntz, 1960

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Channa punctata

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Coil and Kuntz 1960

Genarchopsis ozakii Bashirullah and Elahi, 1972^[15]

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine

Host: Channa punctata

Dist.: Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah and Elahi 1972a (Dhaka); Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed 1981 (-)

Genarchopsis wallagoni Chandra and Banerjee, 1993

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Wallago attu

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Chandra and Banerjee 1993b

Genarchopsis sp.

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine

Hosts: Clupisoma garua (3)

Glossogobius giuris (1)
Silonia silondia (2,3)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Ahmed and Begum 1978 (Dhaka); 2. Chandra 1992a (Dhaka), 3. 1993b (Dhaka)

Philopinna sp.

(F)

Location: muscle

Hosts: Channa punctata (2,3)

Heteropneustes fossilis (1)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Amin et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 2. Hossain et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 3. Huq et al. 1983 (Dhaka)

Remarks: The genus Philopinna was established by Yamaguti (1936) for P. higai Yamaguti, 1936, a parasite of the fins and orbit of Sarcocheilichthys variegatus, a Japanese freshwater fish. Didymozoids are typically tissue parasites of marine fishes.

Dinurinae gen. sp.

(M)

Location: intestine

Host: Rastrelliger kanagurta

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1901

(M)

Location: intestine

Host: Parastromateus niger

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Remarks: The taxonomic history and host and geographic range of Lecithocladium excisum were reviewed by Gibson and Bray (1986), who concluded that its confirmed distribution was the Mediterranean and Black seas and the Northeast Atlantic region. As these authors doubted the occurrence of L. excisum in the Indian Ocean, this report from a marine fish of the Bay of Bengal requires substantiation.

The life cycle in the Northeast Atlantic was studied by Køie (1991). Cercariae found in naturally infected gastropods (Philine aperta) were used to experimentally infect various genera of marine copepods. Ctenophores and polychaetes naturally infected with metacercariae were considered likely to act as transport hosts. Adults occur in the stomach of mackerel (Scomber scomberus, S. japonicus) and immature specimens in Trachurus trachurus (see Gibson and Bray 1986).

Lecithocladium harpodontis Srivastava, 1937

(M)

Syn.: Lecithocladium ilishae Bashirullah and D'Silva, 1973

Location: stomach

Host: Tenualosa ilisha

Dist.: Chittagong, Bay of Bengal

Records: Bashirullah and D'Silva 1973 (Bay of Bengal); Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal); Zaman et al. 1992b (Chittagong), 1994 (Chittagong)

Remarks: The synonymy follows Gibson and Bray (1986). These authors noted that because there are many poorly described species of Lecithocladium in the Indo-Malay Region, the status of species in this part of the world is highly confused.

Lecithocladium magnacetabulum Yamaguti, 1934

(M)

Location: stomach

Host: Tenualosa ilisha

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Lecithocladium megalaspis Yamaguti, 1953

(M)

Syn.: Lecithocladium dawesi Bashirullah and D'Silva, 1973

Location: intestine

Host: Selaroides leptolepis

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Records: Bashirullah and D'Silva 1973 (Bay of Bengal); Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal)

Remarks: The synonymy follows Gibson and Bray (1986).

Lecithocladium seriolellae Manter, 1954

(M)

Location: intestine

Host: Selaroides leptolepis

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Lecithocladium sp.

(M)

Location: intestine

Host: Pampus argenteus

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Hemiurus appendiculatus (Rudolphi, 1802) Looss, 1899

(M)

Location: stomach

Host: Dussumieria acuta

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Ahmed et al. 1986

Remarks: Gibson (1996) noted that Hemiurus appendiculatus is restricted to clupeids of the genus Alosa and to Mediterranean and European Atlantic waters as far north as southern Norway; thus, this record is certainly based on a misidentification.

Hemiurus sp.

(M)

Location: intestine

Host: Selaroides leptolepis

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Parahemiurus sp.

(M)

Location: stomach

Host: Dussumieria acuta

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Ahmed et al. 1986

Lecithochiriinae gen. sp.

(M)

Location: stomach

Host: Lepturacanthus savala

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Hemiuridae gen. sp.

(M)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Harpadon neherius (1)

Lates calcarifer (2)

Dist.: Chittagong?, Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal); 2. Chandra 1992a (Chittagong?)^[16],[17]

Isoparorchis hypselobagri (Billet, 1898) Ejsmont, 1932 adult and metacercaria^[18]

(F)

Location: swimbladder, body cavity, muscle, liver, stomach, intestine, visceral surfaces

Hosts: Channa marulius (1,2,3,4)

C. punctata (1,2,3,4)
C. striata (1,2,3,4,10)
Clupisoma garua (12,13,14)
Eutropiichthys vacha (12,13,14)
Mastacembelus armatus (16)
Mystus cavasius (1,6,14)
M. tengara (6)
M. vittatus (6,14)
Nandus nandus (1,3,7,8,9)
Ompok bimaculatus (14,15,17)
O. pabda (3,11,12,13,14,15,17)
Sperata aor (1,3,11,12,13,14)
Wallago attu (1,2,3,4,14,17)
Xenetodon cancila (3)
fish (5)

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1972a (Dhaka), 2. 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 3. Anon. 1974 (Chittagong); 4. Ahmed 1981 (-), 5. 1996 (-); 6. Chowdhury et al. 1986 (Dhaka); 7. Chandra and Golder 1987 (Chittagong); 8. Golder and Chandra 1987 (Chittagong); 9. Golder et al. 1987 (Chittagong); 10. Rahman 1989 (-); 11. Chandra 1992a (Dhaka), 12. 1993b (Dhaka), 13. 1994b (Dhaka); 14. Chandra and Banerjee 1993a (Dhaka); 15. Khanum et al. 1996 (Dhaka); 16. Khanum and Parveen 1997 (-); 17. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: The role of fish in the life cycle of this species has been discussed by Bashirullah (1972a) and Chandra and Banerjee (1993a). Adults are found in the swimbladder of siluriform catfishes, with metacercariae occurring in the muscles of many siluriform and non-siluriform fishes. Immature flukes are found in the body cavity of Wallago attu and occasionally Channa punctata; Isoparorchis hypselobagri thus appears to use piscivorous fishes as paratenic hosts. Although Bashirullah (1972a) postulated that the parasite also matures in fish-eating mammals, including man, Chandra (1993a) pointed out that these findings are probably cases of pseudoparasitism.

Haploporus sp.

(F?)

Location: not specified

Host: Mugil cephalus

Dist.: Chittagong?^[19]

Record: Chandra 1993b

Psilostomum sp. [metacercaria?]

(M?)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Lates calcarifer

Dist.: Chittagong?^[20]

Record: Chandra 1993b

Remarks: Psilostomids are occasionally found in fish as encysted metacercariae, adults occurring in birds and occasionally mammals (see Gibson 1996). Members of the genus Psilostomum are mainly parasites of aquatic birds; however, one species, P. chilkai Chatterji, 1958, (syn. of Staffordiella chilkai according to Mehra (1966)) has been described from the intestine of a fish (Lates calcarifer) in India. The above record may be based on a metacercaria or an accidental infection (a metacercaria liberated in the intestine of a piscivorous fish).

Allocreadium bengalensis Banerjee and Chandra, 1993

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Mastacembelus armatus

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Banerjee and Chandra 1993

Allocreadium glossogobium Banerjee and Chandra, 1993

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Glossogobius giuris

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Banerjee and Chandra 1993

Allocreadium handiai Pande, 1937

(F)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Channa punctata (1)

Clupisoma garua (3)

Glossogobius giuris (2)

Heteropneustes fossilis (2)

Mystus cavasius (2)

M. tengara (2)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Coil and Kuntz 1960 (Dhaka); 2. Banerjee and Chandra 1993 (Dhaka); 3. Chandra 1993b (Dhaka)

Allocreadium mahaseri Pande, 1939

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Ompok bimaculatus

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: Khanum et al. 1996 (Dhaka); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Allocreadium mehrai Gupta, 1957

(F)

Syn.: Rhynchocreadium aculeatus Srivastava, 1962

Location: intestine

Hosts: Macrognathus aculeatus

Mastacembelus armatus

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Banerjee and Chandra 1993

Remarks: The synonymy follows Kakaji (1969).

Allocreadium minutum Banerjee and Chandra, 1993

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Anabas testudineus

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Banerjee and Chandra 1993

Allocreadium mymensinghi Banerjee and Chandra, 1993

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Heteropneustes fossilis

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Banerjee and Chandra 1993

Allocreadium ovatum Banerjee and Chandra, 1993

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Glossogobius giuris

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Banerjee and Chandra 1993

Allocreadium sp.

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Pangasius pangasius

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Chandra 1993b

Macrolecithus sp.

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine

Hosts: Heteropneustes fossilis (1,2,4)

Macrognathus pancalus (3)

Puntius sarana (1,2)

P. sophore (3)

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 2. Ahmed 1981 (-); 3. Ahmed and Saha 1983 (Barisal, Dhaka); 4. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Coitocaecum sp.

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine

Host: Sperata aor

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka

Records: Ahmed 1981 (-); Ahmed and Saha 1983 (Barisal, Dhaka); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Crowcrocaecum channai Bashirullah and Elahi, 1972

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Channa marulius

Dist.: Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah and Elahi 1972b (Dhaka); Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed 1981 (-)

Neopecoelina saharanpuriensis Gupta, 1955^[21]

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine, stomach wall [?], intestinal wall [?]

Hosts: Anabas testudineus (5)

Channa punctata (1,2,3,4)
Heteropneustes fossilis (2,3,4,6)

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: 1. Bashirullah and Eliah 1972b (Dhaka); 2. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 3. Ahmed 1981 (-); 4. Ahmed and Saha 1983 (Barisal, Dhaka); 5. Akther et al. 1997 (Dhaka); 6. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Neopecoelina sp.

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine, swimbladder [?]

Hosts: Channa punctata (3)

Heteropneustes fossilis (1,2,3)

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 2. Ahmed 1981 (-); 3. Ahmed and Saha 1983 (Barisal, Dhaka)

Opegaster beliyai Pande, 1937

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine, body cavity [?]

Hosts: Glossogobius giuris (1,2,3,4,7,8)

Heteropneustes fossilis (5,6,9)

Dist.: Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 2. Ahmed and Begum 1978 (Dhaka); 3. Ahmed 1981 (-); 4. Ahmed and Saha 1983 (Dhaka); 5. Akhtar et al. 1992 (Dhaka); 6. Khanum and Begum 1992 (Dhaka); 7. Khanum et al. 1992 (-), 8. 1994 (Dhaka); 9. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Opegaster sp.

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine, stomach wall [?]

Host: Glossogobius giuris

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed and Begum 1978 (Barisal, Dhaka); Ahmed 1981 (-); Ahmed and Saha 1983 (Barisal, Dhaka)

Cotylogonoporum orfeum Thapar and Dayal, 1934

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine

Hosts: Macrognathus aculeatus

Mastacembelus armatus

Dist: Bangladesh

Record: Khanum and Parveen 1997

Eucreadium daccai Bashirullah and Elahi, 1972^[22]

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Channa punctata

Dist.: Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah and Elahi 1972b (Dhaka); Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed 1981 (-)

Macvicaria crassigula (Linton, 1910) Bartoli, Bray and Gibson, 1989

(M)

Syn.: Plagioporus crassigula (Linton, 1910)

Location: stomach, intestine

Host: Heteropneustes fossilis

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: Akhtar et al. 1992 (Dhaka); Khanum and Begum 1992 (Dhaka); 3. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Bartoli et al. (1989) transferred this species to the genus Macvicaria and provided a redescription and a summary of its host and geographical distributions. Definitive hosts are marine fishes (mainly Sparidae) of the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, while records from other geographic areas (Indian and South Atlantic oceans) were considered questionable. Reports of this digenean from stinging catfish from Bangladesh are thus likely erroneous.

Podocotyle atomon (Rudolphi, 1802) Dujardin, 1845 metacercaria

(M)

Location: swimbladder

Host: Nandus nandus

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Nahida et al. 1994

Remarks: This species is a parasite of the pyloric caeca and intestine of marine fishes of the North Atlantic Ocean. The above record from the swimbladder of a freshwater fish of Bangladesh is considered a misidentification.

Opistholebes sp.

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Puntius sophore

Dist.: Dhaka?, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed 1981 (-)

Remarks: Members of this genus are typically parasites of marine fishes (pufferfishes).

Acanthocolpus liodorus Lühe, 1906

(M)

Location: intestine

Host: Chirocentrus dorab

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Records: Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal); D'Silva and Khatoon 1997 (Bay of Bengal)

Remarks: This species was redescribed by D'Silva and Khatoon (1997).

Acanthocolpus luehei Srivastava, 1939^[23]

(M)

Location: intestine

Host: Chirocentrus dorab

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: D'Silva and Khatoon 1997

Remarks: Although various authors have considered Acanthocolpus luehei a synonym of A. liodorus Lühe, 1906, D'Silva and Khatoon (1997), who redescribed both species, considered them distinct.

Aphallus sp.

(F)

Location: unspecified

Host: Heteropneustes fossilis

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Amin et al. 1982

Allogomtiotrema attu (Gupta, 1955) Yamaguti, 1958

(F)

Location: stomach, body cavity [?]

Hosts: Channa marulius (1)

C. striata (1)
Macrognathus aculeatus (2)

Dist: Bangladesh

Records: 1. Khanum et al. 1993 (-); 2. Khanum and Parveen 1997 (-)

Opisthorchis bagarius Chandra and Banerjee, 1992

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Bagarius bagarius

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Chandra and Banerjee 1992

Remarks: Members of the family Opisthorchiidae typically use fish as second intermediate hosts where they occur as encysted metacercariae, and mature in the intestine of piscivorous mammals and birds. This finding of mature specimens from the intestine of a freshwater fish is unusual.

Opisthorchis sp. metacercaria

(F)

Location: body cavity

Host: Rita rita

Dist.: Dhaka?, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed 1981 (-); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: The above records are assumed to involve the encysted metacercarial stage.

Phyllodistomum chauhani Motwani and Srivastava, 1961

(F)

Location: intestine [?], body cavity [?]

Hosts: Channa punctata (1)

Eutropiichthys vacha (2)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Chandra and Banerjee 1993a (Dhaka); 2. Chandra 1993b (Dhaka)

Remarks: Members of the genus Phyllodistomum are parasites of the urinary bladder and ureters. Reports from other locations are probably due to parasite dislocation during host dissection.

Phyllodistomum folium (Olfers, 1816) Braun, 1899

(F)

Location: urinary bladder, intestine [?], body cavity [?], mesenteries [?]

Hosts: Channa striata (1,2)

Clarias batrachus (6)
Glossogobius giuris (1,2,3,4)
Ompok bimaculatus (5,6)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Ahmed and Begum 1978 (Dhaka); 2. Ahmed 1981 (-); 3. Khanum et al. 1992 (-), 4. 1994 (Dhaka), 5. 1996 (Dhaka); 6. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Phyllodistomum folium is a parasite of the urinary system of European freshwater fishes. Its occurrence in South Asia requires confirmation, and we regard these records as based on likely misidentifications.

Phyllodistimum spp. are typically parasites of the urinary system. Reports from other locations given by Bangladeshi authors are likely the result of parasite dislocation during host dissection.

Phyllodistomum yosufzaii Bashirullah and Islam, 1970^[24]

(F)

Location: swimbladder [?]

Host: Rita rita

Dist.: Dhaka?, Sylhet

Records: Bashirullah and Islam 1970 (Sylhet); Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed 1981 (-); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Phyllodistomum spp. are typically parasites of the ureters and urinary bladder.

Phyllodistomum sp.

(F)

Location: urinary bladder

Host: Channa marulius

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: Ahmed and Begum 1978 (Dhaka); Ahmed 1981 (-)

Pleurogenes attui Kakaji, 1968

(F)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Ompok bimaculatus (1)

O. pabda (2)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Khanum et al. 1996 (Dhaka); 2. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Gibson (1998) noted that Pleurogenes spp. are parasites of amphibians. Records from Bangladeshi fishes might thus be due to accidental infection or temporary pseudoparasitism, a result of a carnivorous fish having consumed an infected frog.

Pleurogenes pabdai Pande, 1937

(F)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Ompok bimaculatus (1,2)

O. pabda (1,2)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Khanum et al. 1996 (Dhaka); 2. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Pleurogenoides notopteri Bashirullah and Hafizuddin, 1976^[25]

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Notopterus notopterus

Dist.: Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Bashirullah and Hafizuddin 1976 (Dhaka); Ahmed 1981 (-)

Remarks: As members of this genus are typically parasites of amphibians, it is possible that the occurrence of Pleurogenoides notopteri in a freshwater fish is the result of an accidental infection.

Eumasenia sp.

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Heteropneustes fossilis

Dist.: Dhaka?, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed 1981 (-); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Masenia dayali Gupta, 1955

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Clarias batrachus

Dist.: Bangladesh

Record: Ahmed and Ezaz 1997

Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1931

(F)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Clarias batrachus (1,2,3,7)

Heteropneustes fossilis (4,5,6)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Rashid et al. 1983 (Dhaka), 2. 1984 (Dhaka); 3. Rashid and Haque 1984a (Dhaka); 4. Chandra 1992a (Dhaka), 5. 1993b (Dhaka), 6. 1994a (Dhaka); 7. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: The life cycle of this trematode was studied experimentally by Sirikantayakul (1985). In the Philippines, the snail Lymnaea viridis serves as both the first intermediate and the primary second intermediate host. A few metacercariae were also recovered from catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) and tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) fry and other aquatic organisms expermentally exposed to newly emerged cercariae.

Asymphylodora indica Srivastava, 1936

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Channa punctata

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Coil and Kuntz 1960

Palaeorchis sp.

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine

Hosts: Channa punctata (3)

Clarias batratchus (3)
Clupisoma garua (4)
Eutropiichthys vacha (4)
Heteropneustes fossilis (3)
Mystus vittatus (3)
Puntius sarana (1,2)

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 2. Ahmed 1981 (-); 3. Ahmed and Saha 1983 (Barisal, Dhaka); 4. Chandra 1993b (Dhaka)

Digenea gen. sp. adult and metacercaria

(F)

Includes: Trematoda and trematodes auctorum ?"black spot disease" of Golder et al., 1983

Location: stomach, intestine, liver; muscles, body cavity, swimbladder, gills

Hosts: Channa marulius (1)

C. punctata (1,3)
C. striata (1,3)
Clarias batrachus (7,10)
Cyprinus carpio (4)
Eutropiichthys vacha (3,8)
Glossogobius giuris (1,3)
Heteropneustes fossilis (1,3)
Nandus nandus (1)
Ompok bimaculatus (2,10)
O. pabda (1, 2,5,8)
Puntius sophore (2)
Silonia silondia (3)
Tenualosa ilisha (3)
Wallago attu (1,3)
Xenentodon cancila (1)
catfish (9)
fish (6)

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: 1. Ali 1968 (-)^[26]; 2. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 3. Anon. 1974 (Chittagong), 4. 1993 (-)^[27]; 5. Ali et al. 1983 (Dhaka); 6. Golder et al. 1983^[28] (Chittagong); 7. Rashid and Haque 1984b (Dhaka); 8. Chandra 1992a (Dhaka), 9. 1994b (Dhaka)^[29]; 10. Ahmed 1996 (-)

Dactylogyrus glossogobii Jain, 1960

(F)

Location: gills

Host: Glossogobius giuris

Dist.: Dhaka?, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed 1981 (-)

Dactylogyrus vastator Nybelin, 1924^[30]

(F)

Location: gills

Hosts: Clarias batrachus (1)

fish (2)

Dist.: Bangladesh

Records: 1. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-); 2. Banu et al. 1999 (-)

Remarks: Gibson et al. (1996) indicated that this species is a parasite of cyprinid fishes of the Palearctic and Nearctic regions. The above records are thus probably based on misidentifications.

Dactylogyrus sp.

(F)

Location: gills, skin

Hosts: Anabas testudineus (4)

Catla catla (6)
Cirrhinus cirrhosus (6)
Clarias batrachus (6)
Ctenopharyngodon idellus (2)
Cyprinus carpio (6)
Heteropneustes fossilis (4)
Hypopthalmichthys molitrix (6)
Labeo rohita (6)
carp (3)
Indian major carp (1)
fish (5)

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka, Rajshahi

Records: 1. Sanaullah and Ahmed 1980 (-); 2. Hossain and Khan 1992 (-); 3. Anon. 1992 (-), 4. 1993 (Chittagong, Rajshahi); 5. Hossain 1993 (-); 6. Banu et al. 1993 (Dhaka)

Pseudoanthocotyle pavlovskyi Bykhovsky and Nagibina, 1954

(M)

Syn.: Pseudoanthocotyle jagannath (Tripathi, 1959)

Location: gills

Host: Rastrelliger kanagurta

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Remarks: The synonymy follows Mamaev (1982).

Pricea multae Chauhan, 1945

(M)

Syn.: Pricea armata Ramalingam, 1952

P. robusta Ramalingam, 1952

Location: gills

Host: Scomberomorus guttatus

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Remarks: The synonymy follows Nagibina (1969) and Rohde (1976). A discussion of the host and geographical distribution, and a revised synonymy is provided by Rohde and Hayward (1999).

Megamicrocotyle chirocentrus Tripathi, 1956

(M)

Location: gills

Host: Chirocentrus dorab

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Choricotyle pagelli (Gallien, 1937) Llewellyn, 1941

(M)

Location: gills

Host: Ilisha filigera

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Remarks: As this monogenean was originally described from a sea bream collected in the North Atlantic Ocean off Ireland (see Dawes 1947), its report from a fish from Bangladesh is suspect.

Choricotyle sp.

(M)

Location: gills

Host: Ilisha filigera

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Monogenea gen. sp.

(F)

Includes: monogeneans auctorum

Location: gills, skin

Hosts: Puntius sophore (1)

Puntius sp. (2)

Dist.: Bangladesh

Records: 1. Anon. 1974 (-), 2. 1993^[31] (-)

Gyrocotyle sp.

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Clarias batrachus

Dist.: Bangladesh

Records: Ali 1968; Anon. 1974 (-)

Remarks: Gyrocotylideans are primitive monozoic cestodes parasitic in the spiral valves of holocephalan fishes (see Gibson 1994). These records undoubtedly involve misidentications, most probably of caryophyllidean cestodes, which are common in walking catfish in Bangladesh.

Bovienia serialis (Bovien, 1926) Fuhrmann, 1931

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Clarias batrachus

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka

Records: Ahmed 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka); Ahmed et al. 1984 (Barisal, Dhaka), 1985 (Dhaka); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Bovienia sp.

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Clarias batrachus

Dist.: Dhaka, Rajshahi

Records: Ahmed and Sanaullah 1976 (-)^[33], 1977a (Rajshahi); Sanaullah and Ahmed 1978 (Dhaka, Rajshahi)

Djombangia penetrans Bovien, 1926

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine

Host: Clarias batrachus

Dist.: Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Rajshahi, Sylhet

Records: Ahmed and Sanaullah 1976 (-)^[34], 1977a (Chittagong, Dhaka, Rajshahi, Sylhet), 1977b (-)^[35], 1979 (-); Sanaullah and Ahmed 1978 (Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Sylhet)^[36]; Ahmed 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka); Rashid et al. 1983 (Dhaka), 1985 (Dhaka); Rashid and Haque 1984a (Dhaka); Ahmed et al. 1984 (Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet), 1985 (Dhaka); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: The pathology caused by this cestode in Clarias batrachus has been described by Ahmed and Sanaullah (1979).

Lytocestus birmanicus Lynsdale, 1956

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Clarias batrachus

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka

Records: Ahmed 1981 (Barisal); Ahmed et al. 1984 (Dhaka), 1985 (Dhaka); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Lytocestus indicus (Moghe, 1925) Woodland, 1926

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine

Host: Clarias batrachus

Dist.: Barisal, Chittangong, Dhaka, Rajshahi, Sylhet

Records: Ahmed and Sanaullah 1976 (-)^[37], 1977a (Chittagong, Dhaka, Rajshahi, Sylhet), 1977b (-)^[38], 1979 (-); Sanaullah and Ahmed 1978 (-)^[39]; Ahmed 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka); Rashid et al. 1983 (Dhaka), 1985 (Dhaka); Rashid and Haque 1984a (Dhaka); Ahmed et al. 1984 (Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet), 1985 (Dhaka); Chandra et al.1997 (Dhaka); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: The pathology caused by this cestode in Clarias batrachus has been described by Ahmed and Sanaullah (1979).

Lytocestus lativitellarium Furtado and Tan, 1973

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Clarias batrachus

Dist.: Bangladesh

Record: Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Lytocestus parvulus Furtado, 1963

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Clarias batrachus

Dist.: Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Rajshahi, Sylhet

Records: Ahmed and Sanaullah 1976 (-)^[40], 1977a (Dhaka, Rajshahi), 1977b (-)^[41], 1979 (-); Sanaullah and Ahmed 1978 (-)^[42]; Ahmed 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka); Rashid et al. 1983 (Dhaka), 1985 (Dhaka); Rashid and Haque 1984a (Dhaka); Ahmed et al. 1984 (Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet), 1985 (Dhaka); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: The pathology caused by this cestode in Clarias batrachus has been described by Ahmed and Sanaullah (1979).

Lytocestus sp.

(F)

Syn.: Lucknowia sp.

Location: intestine

Hosts: Clarias batrachus (1,2)

Heteropneustes fossilis (3,5,6,7)

Otolithoides pama (2)

catfish (4)

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka

Records: 1. Ali 1968 (-); 2. Anon. 1974 (-); 3. Ahmed 1981 (Dhaka), 4. 1996 (-); 5. Ahmed et al. 1984 (Barisal), 6. 1985 (Dhaka); 7. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: The synonymy follows Mackiewicz (1994).

Monobothrioides sp.

(F)

Location: [intestine]

Host: Clarias batrachus

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: Rashid et al. 1983 (Dhaka), 1985 (Dhaka); Rashid and Haque 1984a (Dhaka)

Remarks: As Mackiewicz (1994) noted that members of this genus are parasites of Bagridae and Clariidae in Africa, the above records are considered to involve misidentifications (J.S. Mackiewicz, pers. comm.).

Bialovarium sp.

(F)

Location: [intestine]

Host: Heteropneustes fossilis

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Amin et al. 1982

Remarks: Mackiewicz (1994) noted that members of this genus are parasites of cyprinid fishes in North America; the above report is thus regarded as a misidentification (J.S. Mackiewicz, pers. comm.).

Caryophyllaeus sp.

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine

Hosts: Clupisoma garua

Eutropiichthys vacha
Ompok pabda
Silonia silondia
Sperata aor

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Chandra 1993b

Remarks: Members of the genus Caryophyllaeus appear to be restricted to cyprinid fishes in the Palearctic Region (see Mackiewicz 1983, 1994). Reports of this genus from fishes of Bangladesh are considered to be misidentifications (J.S. Mackiewicz, pers. comm.).

Capingentoides batrachii Gupta, 1961 species inquirenda

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Clarias batrachus

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet

Records: Ahmed 1981 (Dhaka); Ahmed et al. 1984 (Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet), 1985 (Dhaka); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Mackiewicz (1994) considered the genus Capingentoides Gupta, 1961 a synonym of Pseudocaryophyllaeus Gupta, 1961. He also noted that the musculature of P. indica Gupta, 1961 and C. batrachii Gupta, 1961 appears to be that of the family Caryophyllaeidae and that these two species may be conspecific. He also observed that the original description of C. batrachii was likely based on a mixed infection. For these reasons, we have listed this taxon as a species inquirenda.

Pseudocaryophyllaeus heteropneustus Chandra and Khatun, 1993

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Heteropneustes fossilis

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Chandra and Khatun 1993

Pseudocaryophyllaeus indica Gupta, 1961

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Clarias batrachus

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka

Records: Ahmed 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka); Ahmed et al. 1984 (Barisal, Dhaka), 1985 (Dhaka); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Mackiewicz (1994) noted that the musculature of Pseudocaryophyllaeus indica Gupta, 1961 and Capingentoides batrachii Gupta, 1961 appears to be that of the family Caryophyllaeidae and that these two species may be conspecific.

Pseudocaryophyllaeus sp.

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Heteropneustes fossilis

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: Chandra 1993b (Dhaka), 1994a (Dhaka)

Pseudolytocestus clariae Gupta, 1961

Includes: Lytocestus clariae of Anon., 1974^[43]

Pseudocaryophyllaeus clariae of Ahmed and Ezaz, 1997^[44]

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Clarias batrachus

Dist.: Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet

Records: Anon. 1974 (-); Ahmed et al. 1984 (Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet), 1985 (Dhaka); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Mackiewicz (1981) regarded the status of this species as uncertain. The other member of the genus, Pseudolytocestus differtus Hunter, 1927 is a parasite of a North American catostomid fish (see Wardle and McLeod 1952).

Caryophyllaeidea gen. sp.

Includes: Caryophyllidean larva auctorum

"caryophyllid" cestodes auctorum

"caryphylloid" cestodes auctorum

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine

Hosts: Clarias batrachus (6)

Clupisoma garua (1)
Heteropneustes fossilis (3,4)
Ompok bimaculatus (5,6,7)
Silonia silondia (1)
catfish (2)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Chandra 1992a (Dhaka), 2. 1994b (Dhaka)^[45]; 3. Akhtar et al. 1992 (Dhaka); 4. Khanum and Begum 1992 (Dhaka); 5. Khanum et al. 1996 (Dhaka); 6. Ahmed 1996 (-); 7. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Nybelinia sp. [postlarva]

(M)

Location: body cavity

Host: Chirocentrus dorab

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: D'Silva and Khatoon 1997

Poecilancistrum ilisha (Southwell and Prashad, 1918) Dollfus, 1929 plerocercus

(M)

Syn.: Rhynchobothrius ilisha Southwell and Prashad, 1918

Tentacularia ilisha (Southwell and Prashad, 1918)

Location: musculature

Host: Tenualosa ilisha

Dist.: Khulna

Records: Southwell and Prashad 1918a (Khulna)^[46]; 1918b (Khulna?)^[47]; Southwell 1929 (Khulna), 1930 (-)^[48]

Remarks: This systematic position of this species is uncertain. Dollfus (1942) noted that Poecilancistrum ilisha was probably a synonym of P. gangeticum (Shipley and Hornell, 1906) and that both names may be synonyms of P. caryophyllum Diesing, 1850. Goldstein (1963), however, suggested that P. ilisha should be returned to the genus Otobothrium Linton, 1890.

Poecilancistrum ilisha (Southwell and Prashad, 1918) Dollfus, 1929

(M)

Syn.: Rhynchobothrius ilisha Southwell and Prashad, 1918

Tentacularia ilisha (Southwell and Prashad, 1918)

Location: intestine

Host: Glyphis gangeticus

Dist.: Khulna

Records: Southwell and Prashad 1918a (Khulna)^[49]; Southwell 1929 (Khulna), 1930 (-)^[50]

Remarks: The systematic postion of this species is uncertain. Dollfus (1942) noted that Poecilancistrum ilisha was probably a synonym of P. gangeticum (Shipley and Hornell, 1906) and that both names may be synonyms of P. caryophyllum Diesing, 1850. Goldstein (1963), however, suggested that P. ilisha should be returned to the genus Otobothrium Linton, 1890.

Pterobothrium acanthotruncatum Escalante and Carvajal, 1984 plerocercus

(M)

Syn.: Gymnorhynchus gigas of Southwell,

1929 (partim), 1930 (partim)

Location: musculature

Host: Arius gagora

Dist.: Khula?^[51]

Records: Southwell 1929, 1930

Remarks: Campbell and Beveridge (1996) re-examined Southwell's specimens from Arius gagora, transferring them to P. acanthotruncatum.

Pterobothrium heteracanthum Diesing, 1850 plerocercus

(M)

Syn.: Syndesmobothrium filicolle Linton, 1890

Location: musculature

Host: Tenualosa ilisha

Dist.: Khula?^[52]

Record: Southwell and Prashad 1918b

Remarks: The synonymy follows Dollfus (1942); however, is is possible that this record from hilsa involves Pterobothrium acanthotruncatum Escalante and Carvajal, 1984 (I. Beveridge pers. comm.).

Pterobothrium lintoni (MacCallum, 1916) Dollfus, 1942 plerocercus

(M)

Syn.: Gymnorhynchus malleus (Linton, 1924)

Location: body cavity, viscera, muscle

Host: Lates calcarifer

Dist.: Chittagong?^[53]

Records: Chandra 1992a, 1993b

Remarks: The synonymy follows Campbell and Beveridge (1996).

Dasyrhynchus indicus Chandra and Rao, 1986 plerocercus species inquirenda

(M)

Location: body cavity, viscera, muscle

Host: Lates calcarifer

Dist.: Chittagong?^[54]

Records: Chandra 1992a, 1993b

Remarks: In their revision of the genus Dasyrhynchus Pintner, 1928, Beveridge and Campbell (1993) noted that Dasyrhynchus indicus resembles D. magnus (Bilquees and Kurshid, 1985), but that the original description is too poor to be certain of their synonymy. We follow these authors in listing this taxon as a species inquirenda.

Gymnorhynchus gigas (Cuvier, 1817)

Rudolphi, 1819 plerocercus

(M)

Location: body cavity, viscera, muscle

Host: Lates calcarifer

Dist.: Chittagong?^[55]

Records: Chandra 1992a, 1993b

Remarks: As other records of Gymnorhynchus gigas from Indian coastal waters of the Bay of Bengal given by Chandra (1985b) clearly pertain to Pterobothrium (I. Beveridge, per. comm.), this record from Bangladesh may involve Pterobothrium acanthotruncatum Escalante and Carvajal, 1984.

Gymnorhynchus sp. plerocercus

(M)

Location: body cavity, viscera

Hosts: Otolithoides pama (1,2,3)

Pangasius pangasius (1,3)
Silonia silondia (1)
Tenualosa ilisha (1,3)

Dist.: Chittagong

Records: 1. Ali 1968 (-); 2. Rahman 1971 (Chittagong); 3. Anon. 1974 (Chittagong)

Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819)

Pintner, 1931 plerocercus^[56]

(M)

Location: body cavity, viscera, muscle

Host: Lates calcarifer

Dist.: Chittagong?^[57]

Records: Chandra 1992a, 1993b

Tetrarhynchus sp.

(M)

Location: muscle, ovary

Host: Glossogobius giuris

Dist.: Bangladesh

Records: Ali 1968 (-); Anon. 1974 (-)

Remarks: Jones et al. (1994) listed Tetrarhynchus Rudolphi, 1890 as a genus incertae sedis.

Trypanorhyncha gen. sp.

(M)

Location: not specified

Host: elasmobranch fishes

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Khusi et al. 1993

Disculiceps pileatum (Linton, 1890) Joyeux and Baer, 1936

(M)

Syn.: Discocephalum pileatum Linton, 1890

Host: Glyphis gangeticus

Dist.: Khulna

Record: Southwell and Prashad 1918a^[58]

Tetraphyllidea gen. sp.

(M)

Location: not specified

Host: elasmobranch fishes

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Khusi et al. 1993

Lecanicephalidea gen. sp.

(M)

Location: not specified

Host: elasmobranch fishes

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Khusi et al. 1993

Bothriocephalus cuspidatus Cooper, 1917

(F)

Location: [pyloric caeca, intestine]

Hosts: Channa marulius

C. striata

Dist.: Bangladesh

Record: Khanum et al. 1993

Remarks: The report of this North American species from Bangladesh is probably based on a misidentification.

Bothriocephalus sp. plerocercoid

(F)

Location: viscera, gall bladder

Host: Nandus nandus

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka

Records: Chandra and Golder 1987 (Chittagong); Golder et al. 1987 (Chittagong); Nahida et al. 1994 (Dhaka)

Remarks: Golder et al. (1987) noted that most of their specimens were "encysted."

Polyonchobothrium sp.

(F)

Location: not specified

Hosts: Channa marulius

C. striata

Dist.: Bangladesh

Record: Khanum et al. 1993

Senga ophicephaliana (Tseng, 1933)

Dollfus, 1934^[59]

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Nandus nandus

Dist.: Chittagong

Records: Chandra and Golder 1987 (Chittagong); Golder et al. 1987 (Chittagong)

Taphrobothrium japonense Lühe, 1899

(M)

Location: [intestine]

Hosts: Channa marulius

C. striata

Dist.: Bangladesh

Record: Khanum et al. 1993

Remarks: Originally described from a marine fish (Muraenesox cinereus) of Japan (see Wardle and McLeod 1952), the occurrence of this species in freshwater fishes of Bangladesh is unlikely.

Anchistrocephalus sp.

(F)

Syn.: Ancistrocephalus sp.

Location: intestine, liver

Hosts: Channa marulius (1,2)

C. punctata (1,2)
C. striata (1,2)
Nandus nandus (1,2)

Dist.: Chittagong

Records: 1. Ali 1968 (-); 2. Anon. 1974 (Chittagong)

Remarks: The synonymy follows Bray et al. (1994). As the only member of this genus, Anchistrocephalus microcephalus Rudolphi, 1819, is a parasite of the ocean sunfish (Mola mola) (see Wardle and McLeod 1952), these records from freshwater fishes of Bangladesh probably involve misidentifications.

Marsipometra parva Simer, 1930

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine

Host: Mastacembelus armatus

Dist: Bangladesh

Record: Khanum and Parveen 1997

Remarks: This species was originally described from Polyodon spathula from the southern United States (see Hoffman 1998); its occurrence in Bangadesh seems improbable.

Diphyllobothrium latum (Linnaeus, 1758)

Lühe, 1910 plerocercoid

(F)

Location: mucles

Host: Harpadon nehereus

Dist.: Chittagong

Record: Uddin et al. 1980

Remarks: Diphyllobothrium latum is a parasite of coldwater freshwater fishes of North America and Europe (see Hoffman 1998). The above report from Bangladesh is considered to involve a misidentification.

Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Gmelin, 1790 plerocercoid

(F)

Location: [body cavity]

Host: Heteropneustes fossilis

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Amin et al. 1982

Remarks: Bray et al. (1994) noted that the distribution of this species is circumboreal; its occurrence in fishes of Bangadesh therefore requires confirmation.

Diphyllobothriidae gen. sp. Plerocercoid

Includes: Diphyllobothridean larvae auctorum^[60]

(F)

Location: body cavity, viscera, intestine

Hosts: Nandus nandus (1)

Tenualosa ilisha (2,3)

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka

Records: Chowdhury et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 2. Zaman et al. 1992b (Chittagong), 3. 1994 (Chittagong)

Pseudophyllidea gen. sp.

Includes: Pseudophyllidean cestodes auctorum

(F,M)

Location: stomach, intestine

Hosts: Glossogobius giuris (1,2)

elasmobranch fishes (3)

Dist.: Dhaka, Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Khanum et al. 1992 (-), 2. 1994 (Dhaka); 3. Khusi et al. 1993 (Bay of Bengal)

Remarks: As pseudophyllideans do not infect elasmobranchs, the record of Khusi et al. (1993) is either based on a misidentification or is the result of pseudoparasitism due a shark or ray feeding on a teleost fish.

Ilisha parthenogenetica Southwell and Prashad, 1918 plerocercoid

(M?)

Location: pyloric caeca, mesenteries, liver

Host: Tenualosa ilisha

Dist.: Chittagong, Khulna

Records: Southwell and Prashad 1918a (Khulna); Southwell 1930 (Khulna)^[61]; Zaman et al. 1992b (Chittagong), 1994 (Chittagong)

Remarks: According to Jones et al. (1994), the genus Ilisha Southwell and Prashad, 1918 is a collective larval genus that is preoccupied; therefore, it should not be applied to cestodes.

Cestoda gen. sp. plerocercoid and/or adult

Includes: cestodes auctorum

(F)

Location: intestine, body cavity

Hosts: Channa marulius (1,2)

C. punctata (1,2)
C. striata (2)
Clarias batrachus (1,2,5,6)
Glossogobius giuris (1,2)
Heteropneustes fossilis (1,2)
Mystus tengara (4)
Otolithoides pama (1,2)
Pangasius pangasius (2)
Silonia silondia (2)
Tenualosa ilisha (1,2)
Xenentodon cancila (3)

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka, Rajshahi

Records: 1. Ali 1968 (-); 2. Anon. 1974 (Chittagong), 3. 1993 (Rajshahi); 4. Hassan et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 5. Rashid and Haque 1984b (Dhaka); 6. Sultana et al. 1992 (Dhaka)

Eustrongylides tubifex (Nitzsch in Rudolphi, 1819) Jägerskiöld, 1909 larva

(F)

Location: ovary, mesenteries

Host: Ompok bimaculatus

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: Khanum et al. 1996 (Dhaka); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: The life cycle of this nematode involves maturation in fish-eating birds (Gaviiformes, Anseriformes, Ciconiiformes and Podicipediformes). Aquatic oligochaetes serve as first intermediate hosts, while fish are believed to act as second intermediate or paratenic hosts (see Moravec 1998). Moravec (1998) cautioned that the only reliable means of determining the specific identity of larval Eustrongylides is to examine adult specimens obtained through experimental infection of birds. Further, as Measures (1988), in her revision of the genus, stated that E. tubifex is found only in the Holarctic and Neotropical regions, the above report is regarded as a probable misidentification.

Eustrongylides sp. [larva?]

(F)

Host: Ompok pabda

Location: intestine [?]

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Chandra 1993b

Remarks: The above record from the intestine of a freshwater fish requires confirmation. The location may have been incorrectly determined, or the parasite may have been misidentified.

Capillaria sp.

(F,M)

Location: esophagus, stomach, intestine

Hosts: Glossogobius giuris (4,5)

Macrognathus aculeatus (7)
Mastacembelus armatus (7)
Ompok bimaculatus (6,8)
Psettodes erumei (2,3)
Solea elongata (1)
Pampus argenteus (1)
Parastromateus niger (1)
Trichiurus lepturus (1)

Dist.: Dhaka, Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal); 2. Ahmed and Rahman 1976 (Bay of Bengal), 3. 1977 (Bay of Bengal); 4. Khanum et al. 1992 (-), 5. 1994 (Dhaka), 6. 1996 (Dhaka); 7. Khanum and Parveen 1997 (-); 8. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: As a large number of genera belonging to the Capillariidae are now recognized to infect fishes (see Moravec 1998), the generic assignment of nematodes reported as "Capillaria" from fishes of Bangladesh must be re-examined.

Cosmoxynemoides sp.

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Colisa fasciatus

Dist.: Dhaka?, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed 1981 (-)

Remarks: Petter and Quentin (1976) noted that the genus Cosmoxynemoides Travassos, 1949 was of doubtful status because males were unknown. However, Moravec (1998), in his review of the nematode fauna of Neotropical freshwater fishes, accepted the validity of this genus and species. Moravec (1998) also noted that the genus contains a single species, C. aguirrei Travassos, 1949, so far known only from South America.

Ascaridia sp. adult and larva^[63]

(F)

Location: digestive tract, viscera, body cavity

Hosts: Channa punctata (2,4)

Clarias batrachus (3,5,8)
Heteropneustes fossilis (9)
Nandus nandus (6,7)
fish (1)

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet

Records: 1. Islam 1982 (Sylhet); 2. Hossain et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 3. Rashid et al. 1983 (Dhaka); 4. Huq et al. 1983 (Dhaka); 5. Rashid and Haque 1984a (Dhaka); 6. Chandra and Golder 1987 (Chittagong); 7. Golder et al. 1987 (Chittagong); 8. Rashid 1990 (Dhaka); 9. Chandra 1994a (Dhaka)

Remarks: Members of the genus Ascaridia Dujardin, 1845 are parasites of birds and, rarely, mammals (see Chabaud 1978). Some of the above records may involve misidentification of ascaridoid nematodes, as the adults and/or larvae of a number of genera of this superfamily (e.g., Anisakis, Contracaecum, Hysterothylacium, Pseudoterranova, Raphidascaris) are frequently encountered parasites of fishes.

Goezia ascaroides (Goeze, 1782) Railliet and Henry, 1915

(M)

Location: stomach

Host: Thryssa hamiltonii

Dist.: Khulna

Record: Khan and Yaseen 1969

Remarks: As Goezia ascaroides is a poorly known parasite of European freshwater fishes (see Deardorff and Overstreet 1980), the above record from a marine fish of Bangladesh is likely to be based on a misidentification. A description was provided by Khan and Yaseen (1969).

Goezia sp.^[64]

(F,M)

Location: intestine, body cavity

Hosts: Lutjanus argentimaculatus (2)

Otolithoides pama (1,3)
Wallago attu (2,4,5)

Dist.: Dhaka?, Sylhet?, Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Ali 1968 (-); 2. Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal, Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 3. Anon. 1974 (-); 4. Ahmed 1981 (-); 5. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Contracaecum aori Khan and Yaseen, 1969 larva species inquirenda

(F)

Location: body cavity

Host: Sperata aor

Dist.: Sylhet

Record: Khan and Yaseen 1969

Remarks: The description of this nematode by Khan and Yaseen (1969) was based on three female specimens. Deardorff and Overstreet (1981) listed Contracaecum aori among those larval ascaridoids of uncertain status. They further noted that it was probably a fourth-stage larva. Moravec (1998) noted that since the separation of species is based on adult morphology, it is generally impossible to assign larval Contracaecum to species with certainty without carrying out feeding experiments.

Contracaecum brevicaecum Khan and Yaseen, 1969 larva species inquirenda

(?)^[65]

Location: body cavity

Host: sawfish

Dist.: Khulna

Record: Khan and Yaseen 1969

Remarks: The description of this species by Khan and Yaseen (1969) was based on female specimens only. Deardorff and Overstreet (1981) listed Contracaecum brevicaecum among those larval ascaridoids of uncertain status. They further noted that it was a third-stage larva. Moravec (1998) noted that since the separation of species is based on adult morphology, it is generally impossible to assign larval Contracaecum to species with certainty without carrying out feeding experiments.

Contracaecum sp. larva

(F,M)

Location: stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine, body cavity, viscera

Hosts: Anabas testudineus (7)

Channa marilius (1,3)
C. punctata (1,3)
C. striata (1,3)
Clupisoma garua (3)
Eutropiichthys vacha (3)
Glossogobius giuris (1,3)
Heteropneustes fossilis (3)
Mastacembelus armatus (3)
Nandus nandus (1,3,4)
Ompok bimaculatus (6,8)
O. pabda (3,6,8)
Otolithoides pama (1,3)
Pangasius pangasius (1,3)
Rita rita (1,3)
Sardinella fimbriata (2,5)
Silonia silondia (1,3)
Wallago attu (1,3)
Xenentodon cancila (1,3)

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka, Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Ali 1968 (-); 2. Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal); 3. Anon. 1974 (Chittagong); 4. Chowdhury et al. 1983 (Dhaka); 5. Ahmed et al. 1986 (Bay of Bengal); 6. Khanum et al. 1996 (Dhaka); 7. Akther et al. 1997 (Dhaka); 8. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Members of the genus Contracaecum occur as adults in the digestive tract of fish-eating birds and marine mammals, while fish may serve as either intermediate or paratenic hosts (see Moravec 1998).

Heterotyphlum sp. larva and adult?^[66],[67]

(M)

Location: liver, stomach wall, stomach

Hosts: Cynoglossus arel (2,3,4)

Ilisha filigera (1)

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal); 2. Ahmed and Rahman 1976 (Bay of Bengal), 3. 1977 (Bay of Bengal), 4. 1979 (Bay of Bengal)

Paranisakis sp. larva

(M)

Location: body cavity, viscera

Host: Dussumieria acuta

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Ahmed et al. 1986

Raphidascaris panijii Khan and Yaseen, 1969 species inquirenda

(M)

Location: intestine

Host: Sillaginopsis panijus

Dist.: Khulna

Record: Khan and Yaseen 1969

Remarks: Soota (1983) noted that Raphidascaris panijii was inadequately described based on a single male specimen. He also pointed out that the authors' figure of the tail of the adult male appears to be that of a juvenile female.

Raphidascaris sp. larva

(M)

Location: intestine, body cavity, wall of stomach and intestine

Hosts: Polynemus paradiseus (4)

Psettodes erumei (1,2,3)
Sardinella fimbriata (4)

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Ahmed and Rahman 1976 (Bay of Bengal), 2. 1977 (Bay of Bengal), 3. 1979 (Bay of Bengal); 4. Ahmed et al. 1986 (Bay of Bengal)

Terranova sp.

(M)

Location: stomach

Host: Eusphyra blochii

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Pseudanisakis sp.

(M)

Syn.: Metanisakis sp.

Location: stomach

Host: Eusphyra blochii

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Bashirullah 1973a

Remarks: The synonymy follows Gibson (1973). As Gibson (1973) noted that Pseudanisakis spp. appear to be primarily parasites of skates and rays, the above report from a winghead shark is possibly based on a misidentification. He also speculated that the life cycle of members of this genus may involve one or two crustacean and no teleost intermediate hosts.

Ascaris sp.

(F)

Location: stomach

Host: Channa punctata

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: Hossain et al. 1982 (Dhaka); Huq et al. 1983 (Dhaka)

Remarks: As members of the genus Ascaris are parasites of mammals (see Hartwich 1974), the above records must involve misidentifications of other ascaridoid nematodes.

Dujardinascaris sp. larva

(M)

Location: liver, stomach wall

Host: Cynoglossus arel

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Records: Ahmed and Rahman 1976 (Bay of Bengal), 1977 (Bay of Bengal), 1979 (Bay of Bengal)

Remarks: Members of the genus Dujardinascaris are parasites of crocodilians (see Hartwich 1974).

Porrocaecum trichiuri Chandler, 1935 species inquirenda [larva?]

(M)

Location: body cavity

Hosts: Polydactylus indicus (1)

Psettodes erumei (2,3)

Dist.: Khulna, Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Khan and Yaseen 1969 (Khulna); 2. Ahmed and Rahman 1976 (Bay of Bengal), 3. 1977 (Bay of Bengal)

Remarks: Soota (1983) listed this taxon as a species inquirenda. He noted that the figure of the tail of the adult male given by Khan and Yaseen (1969) appears to be that of a juvenile female. The finding of this parasite within the body cavity of the host would also indicate that the specimens of Khan and Yaseen (1969) were probably larvae.

Porrocaecum sp. Larva

(F)

Location: external wall of intestine

Host: Nandus nandus

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Nahida et al. 1994

Remarks: Adults of members of this genus are intestinal parasites of birds, while larvae of some species occur in fishes (see Moravec 1998).

Ascaridoidea gen. sp. Larva

(F)

Includes: Ascaroid larva auctorum

Ascaridoid larva auctorum

Location: stomach, intestine, liver, body cavity

Hosts: Glossogobius giuris (5,6)

Heteropneustes fossilis (3,4)
Xenentodon cancila (1,2)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Akhtar et al. 1989 (Dhaka)^[68], 2. 1990 (Dhaka), 3. 1992 (Dhaka); 4. Khanum and Begum 1992 (Dhaka); 5. Khanum et al. 1992 (-), 6. 1994 (Dhaka)

Falcaustra brevicaudatum (Khan and Yaseen, 1969) Soota, 1983

(F)

Syn.: Kathlania brevicaudatum Khan and Yaseen, 1969

Location: intestine

Host: Ompok bimaculatus

Dist.: Sylhet

Records: Khan and Yaseen 1969 (Sylhet); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Cucullanus dogieli Krotas, 1959

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Chanda nama

Dist.: Sylhet

Record: Khan and Yaseen 1969

Remarks: This species was originally described from a cyprinoid fish from the USSR (see Soota 1983) and has been reported from a wide variety of cyprinid fishes from the basins of the Baltic, Black and Azov seas (see Bauer 1987).

Cucullanus pangasius Soota and Chaturvedi, 1971

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Pangasius pangasius

Dist.: Bangladesh

Record: Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Soota (1983) noted the close similarity of this species to Cucullanus ritai Karve, 1952 and suggested that they may be conspecific.

Cucullanus sp.

(F,M)

Syn.: Indocucullanus sp.

Location: stomach, intestine, body cavity

Hosts: Mystus cavasius (1,5,6)

Psettodes erumei (2,3)
Rita rita (6)
fish (4)

Dist.: Dhaka?, Sylhet?, Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 2. Ahmed and Rahman 1976 (Bay of Bengal), 3. 1977 (Bay of Bengal), 4. 1979 (Bay of Bengal)^[69]; 5. Ahmed 1981 (-); 6. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Although Ahmed and Rahman (1977) reported larval Cucullanus sp. From the stomach of Psettodes erumei, it is probable that these were actually immature adults.

The synonymy follows Chabaud (1978).

Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) sp.

(F)

Syn.: Cucullanellus sp.

Location: intestine

Hosts: Rita rita (1,2)

fish (3)

Dist.: Dhaka?, Sylhet

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 2. Ahmed 1981 (-); 3. Islam 1982 (Sylhet)

Remarks: The synonymy follows Chabaud (1978).

Buckleynema sp.

(F)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Mystus cavasius (1,4)

M. vittatus (2)
fish (3)

Dist.: Dhaka?, Sylhet

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 2. Ahmed 1981 (-); 3. Islam 1982 (Sylhet); 4. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Paragendria bagarii (Karve, 1941)

Soota, 1983

(F)

Syn.: Metaquimperia bagarii Karve, 1941

Location: stomach, intestine, body cavity, swimbladder

Host: Xenentodon cancila

Dist: Dhaka

Records: Akhtar et al. 1989 (Dhaka), 1990 (Dhaka)

Remarks: Chaubaud (1978) regarded Metaquimperia Karve, 1941 as a synonym of Paragendria Baylis, 1939.

Paragendria wallagonia (Sood, 1968)

Sood, 1989

(F)

Syn.: Metaquimperia madhuai Sood, 1973

Location: intestine

Host: Anabas testudineus

Dist: Dhaka

Record: Akther et al. 1997

Remarks: The synonymy follows Sood (1989). Soota (1983) considered Paragendria wallagonia a synonym of P. macronis (Stewart, 1914) and P. madhuai, a distinct species.

Paragendria sp.

(F)

Host: Sperata aor

Location: intestine

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Chandra 1993b

Paraquimperia sp. larva

(M)

Location: body cavity, outer wall of intestine

Hosts: Cynoglossus arel (1,2)

Polydactylus sextarius (3)

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Ahmed and Rahman 1976 (Bay of Bengal), 2. 1977 (Bay of Bengal); 3. Ahmed et al. 1986 (Bay of Bengal)

Pingus aori Khan and Yaseen, 1969

species inquirenda

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Sperata aor

Dist.: Sylhet

Records: Khan and Yaseen 1969 (Sylhet); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Soota (1983) noted that this is an inadequately described species. Dr. F. Moravec (pers. comm.) regards it as a species inquirenda.

Quimperia sp. larva

(M)

Location: liver, body cavity

Hosts: Sardinella fimbriata

Upeneus sulphureus

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: Ahmed et al. 1986

Quimperiidae gen. sp. Larva

(F,M)

Includes: Quimperiidean larvae auctorum

Location: body cavity, viscera, muscle, stomach, intestine

Hosts: Channa marulius (8)

C. striata (8)
Chirocentrus nudus (1)
Clarias batrachus (2,3,4,9,11,12,13)
Glossogobius giuris (8)
Heteropneustes fossilis (2,3,4,9,10,14)
Psettodes erumei (5,6,7)
Trichiurus lepturus (1)

Dist.: Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal); 2. Ahmed and Sanaullah 1976 (-)^[70], 3. 1977a (Chittagong, Dhaka, Rajshahi, Sylhet), 4. 1977b (-)^[71]; 5. Ahmed and Rahman 1976 (Bay of Bengal), 6. 1977 (Bay of Bengal), 7. 1979 (Bay of Bengal); 8. Ahmed and Begum 1978 (Barisal, Dhaka); 9. Sanaullah and Ahmed 1978 (-)^[72]; 10. Islam et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 11. Rashid et al. 1983 (Dhaka); 12. Rashid and Haque 1984a (Dhaka); 13. Rashid 1990 (Dhaka); 14. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Ascaridida gen. sp. larva

(F,M)

Includes: Ascarididean larva auctorum

Ascaridian larva auctorum

Location: stomach, intestine, body cavity, viscera

Hosts: Aetobatus narinari (1)

Anabas testudineus (9)
Bagarius bagarius (1,3,10)
Chirocentrus nudus (1)
Clarias batrachus (1,2,3,10)
Eusphyra blochii (1)
Glossogobius giuris (1,3)
Harpadon neherius (1)
Heteropneustes fossilis (1,2,3,10)
Johnius borneensis (1)
Mystus tengara (5)
M. vittatus (1,3,10)
Nandus nandus (1,3,4)
Ompok bimaculatus (1,3)
O. pabda (1,3,6,7,8)
Scoliodon laticaudus (1)
Scomberomorus guttatus (1)
Silonia silondia (7)
Sperata aor (8)
Tachysurus sp. (1)

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet?, Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal, Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 2. Hossain et al. 1978 (Dhaka); 3. Ahmed 1981 (-); 4. Chowdhury et al. 1983 (Dhaka), 5. 1990 (Dhaka); 6. Hussain and Ali 1986 (Dhaka); 7. Chandra 1992a (Dhaka), 8. 1993b (Dhaka); 9. Akther et al. 1997 (Dhaka); 10. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Members of the family Ascaridiidae (which contains a single genus, Ascaridia) are parasites of birds and, rarely, mammals (see Chabaud 1978). There exists considerable confusion among Bangladeshi workers concerning the use of the terms "ascarididean," "ascaridian" or "Ascaridia sp." and "ascaridoid" or "ascaroid." Some or all of the above records may involve misidentification of ascaridoid nematodes, as the adults and/or larvae of a number of genera of this superfamily (e.g., Anisakis, Contracaecum, Hysterothylacium, Pseudoterranova, Raphidascaris) are frequently encountered in marine and freshwater fishes.

Camallanus (Zeylanema) anabantis

Pearse, 1933

(F)

Syn.: Zeylanema anabantis (Pearse, 1933)

Location: intestine

Host: Anabas testudineus

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Ahmed and Begum 1978 (Barisal, Dhaka); Ahmed 1981 (-); Akther et al. 1997 (Dhaka)

Camallanus atropusi Bashirullah and Khan, 1973

(M)

Location: intestine

Host: Atropus atropos

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Records: Bashirullah and Khan 1973 (Bay of Bengal); Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal)

Remarks: The status of this taxon requires further analysis. Considered a synonym of Camallanus trichiuris Bashirullah and Rahman, 1972 by Soota (1983), it was listed separately by Sood (1989).

Camallanus bispiculus Rajyalakshmi, Rao and Shyamasundari, 1986

(M)

Location: intestine

Host: Chirocentrus dorab

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Record: D'Silva and Khatoon 1997

Remarks: This species was redescribed by D'Silva and Khatoon (1997).

Camallanus cotti Fujita, 1927

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Polydactylus indicus

Dist.: Khulna

Record: Khan and Yaseen 1969

Remarks: Moravec and Sey (1988) considered the above report, which was based on a single female nematode from the Indian threadfin, a marine species, to involve a misidentification.

Camallanus dollfusi Bashirullah and Khan, 1973

(M)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Solea elongata (2)

Trichiurus lepturus (1,2)

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Bashirullah and Khan 1973 (Bay of Bengal); 2. Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal)

Remarks: The status of this taxon requires further analysis. Considered a synonym of Camallanus trichiuris Bashirullah and Rahman, 1972 by Soota (1983), it was listed separately by Sood (1989).

Camallanus intestinalus Bashirullah, 1974

(F)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Channa punctata

C. striata

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Bashirullah 1974b

Camallanus kirandensis Baylis, 1928

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: sawfish

Dist.: Khulna

Record: Khan and Yaseen 1969

Remarks: Given that this species was originally described from a freshwater cyprinid in Africa (see Sood 1989), this report is likely to involve a misidentification. A description, based on a single male and a single female specimen, was given by Khan and Yaseen (1969).

Camallanus (Zeylanema) magna (Khan and Yaseen, 1969) Petter, 1979

(M?)^[74]

Syn.: Zeylanema magna Khan and Yaseen, 1969

Location: intestine

Host: Macrognathus pancalus

Dist.: Khulna

Record: Khan and Yaseen 1969

Camallanus (Zeylanema) pearsei (Yeh, 1960) Agrawal, 1967

(F)

Syn.: Zeylanema pearsei Yeh, 1960

Location: intestine

Hosts: Anabas testudineus (2,3,4,5)

Channa gachua (1,2,4)

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1970 (-), 2. 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 3. Ahmed and Begum 1978 (Barisal); 4. Ahmed 1981 (-); 5. Akther et al. 1997 (Dhaka)

Camallanus trichiuris Bashirullah and Rahman, 1972

(M)

Location: intestine

Host: Lepturacanthus savala

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Records: Bashirullah and Rahman 1972 (Bay of Bengal); Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal)

Remarks: Soota (1983) considered Camallanus atropusi Bashirullah and Khan, 1973 and C. dollfusi Bashirullah and Khan, 1973 as synonyms of this species.

Camallanus truncatus (Rudolphi, 1814) Törnquist, 1931

(M)

Location: stomach, intestine, body cavity, intestinal surface

Host: Mystus tengara

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Chowdhury et al. 1990

Remarks: As Camallanus truncatus is a parasite of freshwater fishes of Europe, it is likely that this report from Bangladesh is based on a misidentification.

Camallanus xenentodoni Khan and Yaseen, 1969 species inquirenda

(F)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Macrognathus aculeatus

Xenentodon cancila

Dist.: Khulna, Sylhet

Record: Khan and Yaseen 1969

Remarks: As the description is based on female specimens only, the status of this species is uncertain.

Camallanus sp. adult and larva

(F,M)

Syn.: Zeylanema sp.

Location: intestine

Hosts: Channa marulius (1,2)

Chirocentrus dorab (1)

Clarias batrachus (3)

Glossogobius giuris (1,2)

Puntius sophore (1,2)

Dist.: Dhaka?, Sylhet?, Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal, Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 2. Ahmed 1981 (-); 3. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Neocamallanus ophicephali (Pearse, 1933)

Moravec and Sey, 1988

(F)

Syn.: Camallanus adamsi Bashirullah, 1974^[75]

C. singhi (Ali, 1957)

Location: pyloric caeca, intestine

Hosts: Channa marulius (4)

C. punctata (2,4,6)

C. striata (1,2,3,4,5,6,7)

Dist.: Dhaka, Sylhet

Records: 1. Khan and Yaseen 1969 (Sylhet); 2. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet), 3. 1974b (Dhaka); 4. Anon. 1974 (-); 5. Bashirullah and Ahmed 1976a (Dhaka); 6. Ahmed 1981 (-); 7. Rahman 1989 (-)

Remarks: The life cycle, which involves a copepod intermediate host, was studied by Bashirullah and Ahmed (1976a) and by De et al. (1984) (as Camallanus adamsi and Neocamallanus singhi, respectively).

The synonymy follows Moravec and Sey (1988).

Neocamallanus vachaii Wahid and Perveen, 1969

(F)

Syn.: Camallanus vachaii (Wahid and Perveen, 1969)^[76]

Host: Eutropiichthys vacha

Location: intestine

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Chandra 1993b

Neocamallanus sp.

(F)

Location: pyloric caeca

Hosts: Channa marilius (1,2)

C. punctata (1,2)
C. striata (1,2)

Dist.: Bangladesh

Records: 1. Ali 1968 (-); 2. Anon. 1974 (Chittagong)

Paracamallanus sweeti (Moorthy, 1937) Campana-Rouget, 1961

(F)

Syn.: Camallanus sweeti Moorthy, 1937

Location: esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver

Hosts: Channa marulius (1)

C. striata (1)
Macrognathus aculeatus (2)
Mastacembelus armatus (2)

Dist: Bangladesh

Records: 1. Khanum et al. 1993 (-); 2. Khanum and Parveen 1997 (-)

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) alii Kalyankar, 1971

(F)

Syn.: Spirocamallanus alii (Kalyankar, 1971)^[77]

S. mazabukae sensu Khan and Yaseen, 1969^[78]

Location: intestine

Hosts: Ompok bimaculatus (2,3)

Polydactylus indicus (1)

Dist.: Dhaka, Khulna

Records: 1. Khan and Yaseen 1969 (Khulna); 2. Khanum et al. 1996 (Dhaka); 3. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Petter (1978) considered Spirocamallanus mazabukae sensu Khan and Yaseen, 1969 referable to S. alii.

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) berdii (Khan and Yaseen, 1969) Bilqees, Khanum and Jehan, 1971 species inquirenda

(M)

Syn.: Spirocamallanus berdii Khan and Yaseen, 1969

Location: intestine

Host: Acanthopagrus berda

Dist.: Khulna

Record: Khan and Yaseen 1969

Remarks: The taxonomic status of this species requires reassessment. Soota (1983) listed it as a synonym of Onchocamallanus bagarii (Karve and Naik, 1951) (syn. of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) bagarii), however, Sood (1989) considered the two species distinct. Dr. F. Moravec (pers. comm.) regards it as a species inquirenda.

Procamallanus (Procamallanus) cancilus Bashirullah and Hafizuddin, 1974

species inquirenda^[79]

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Xenentodon cancila

Dist.: Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); Bashirullah and Hafizuddin 1974 (Dhaka); Ahmed 1981 (-)

Remarks: As noted by Soota (1983), as the original description of this species was based only on female specimens, its status is uncertain.

Procamallanus (Procamallanus) clarius Ali, 1957

(F)

Syn.: Procamallanus heteropneustus Ali, 1957^[80],[81]

Spirocamallanus heteropneustus (Ali, 1957)^[82]

Location: stomach, intestine

Hosts: Clarias batrachus (1,2,3,4,5,6,14)

Heteropneustes fossilis (1,2,3,7,8,9,10, 11,12,14)

Mastacembelus armatus (3)

Ompok bimaculatus (13,14)

O. pabda (13,14)

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka

Records: 1. Rahman and Ali 1968 (Chittagong)^[83]; 2. Ali 1968 (-); 3. Anon. 1974 (Chittagong); 4. Rashid et al. 1983 (Dhaka); 5. Rashid and Haque 1984a (Dhaka); 6. Rashid 1990 (Dhaka); 7. Zaman et al. 1992a (Dhaka); 8. Chandra 1992a (Dhaka), 9. 1993a (Dhaka), 10. 1993b (Dhaka), 11. 1994a (Dhaka); 12. Chandra and Modak 1995 (Dhaka); 13. Khanum et al. 1996 (Dhaka); 14. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Chandra and Modak (1995) established experimental infections in copepods, Diaptomus sp.

The synonymy follows Moravec and Sey (1988).

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) mysti Karve, 1952

(F)

Syn.: Spirocamallanus mysti (Karve, 1952)

S. inglisi Bashirullah and Hafizuddin, 1973

S. intestinecolas Bashirullah, 1974

S. notopteri Bashirullah and Hafizuddin, 1973

S. olseni Bashirullah, 1973 [nec S. Olseni Campana-Rouget and Razarihelissoa, 1965]^[84]

S. singhi (Ali, 1957)

S. timmi Bashirullah, 1973

S. viviparus (Ali, 1957)

Procamallanus bengalensis Akram, 1975^[85]

Location: stomach, intestine, liver [?]

Hosts: Channa striata (1,2,8)

Clarias batrachus (5,6,7)

Eutropiichthys murius (3)

Heteropneustes fossilis (2,5,6,7,9,12)

Mystus cavasius (2,12)

M. tengara (10)

M. vittatus (1,2,4,8,12)

Notopterus notopterus (1,3,8)

Ompok bimaculatus (11,12)

O. pabda (11,12)

fish (6)

Dist.: Dhaka, Rajshahi, Sylhet

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet), 2. 1973b (Dhaka, Sylhet); 3. Bashirullah and Hafizuddin 1973 (Dhaka); 4. Bashirullah and Ahmed 1976b (Dhaka); 5. Ahmed and Sanaullah 1976 (-)^[86], 6. 1977a (Dhaka, Rajshahi)^[87]; 7. Sanaullah and Ahmed 1978 (Dhaka, Rajshahi)^[88]; 8. Ahmed 1981 (-); 9. Islam et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 10. Chowdhury et al. 1990 (Dhaka); 11. Khanum et al. 1996 (Dhaka); 12. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: The synonymy follows De et al. (1986), who provided a redescription of this species.

The life cycle was studied (under the synonym Spirocamallanus intestinecolas) by Bashirullah and Ahmed (1976b), who established experimental infections that developed to third-stage larvae in the copepods Mesocyclops leuckarti and Thermocyclops crassus by exposing them to first-stage larvae released from adult worms obtained from Mystus, and by De (1995) (under the synonym S. mysti), who sucessfully infected the fish Mystus vittatus via expermental transmission of third-stage larvae in experimentally infected copepods.

Following De and Moravec (1980), Procamallanus viviparus of Khan and Yaseen, 1969 is tentatively referred to P. spiculogubernaculus Agarwal, 1958.

Procamallanus (Procamallanus) spiculogubernaculus Agarwal, 1958

(F)

Syn.: Procamallanus daccai Gupta, 1959

P. sprenti Bashirullah and Hafizuddin, 1974

?P. viviparus of Khan and Yaseen, 1969

Location: stomach, intestine

Hosts: Channa striata (3,5)

Clarias batrachus (7)
Heteropneustes fossilis (2,4,7)
Mystus tengara (6)
Wallago attu (7)
catfish (1)

Dist.: Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: 1. Gupta 1959 (Dhaka); 2. Khan and Yaseen 1969 (Dhaka); 3. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 4. Bashirullah and Hafizuddin 1974 (Dhaka); 5. Ahmed 1981 (-); 6. Chowdhury et al. 1990 (Dhaka); 7. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: The synonymy follows De and Moravec (1980).

Bashirullah (1973a) created a nomen nudum, Procamallanus bangladeshi Bashirullah, 1973, by reporting, without description, "Procamallanus bangladeshi Bashirullah & Hafizuddin, 1973" as a parasite of H. fossilis. The same material was later apparently described as P. sprenti by Bashirullah and Hafizuddin (1974) (see De and Moravec 1980).

According to De and Moravec (1980), since the specimens reported as Procamallanus viviparus by Khan and Yaseen (1969) possess a smooth buccal capsule, without any thickenings, they probably belong to P. spiculogubernaculus.

Procamallanus (Procamallanus) sp.

(F)

Location: intestine, body cavity [?]

Hosts: Channa punctata (2,3)

Clarias batrachus (6)
Eutropiichthys vacha (4,5)
Heteropneustes fossilis (1)
catfish (7)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Amin et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 2. Hossain et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 3. Huq et al. 1983 (Dhaka); 4. Chandra 1992a (Dhaka), 5. 1993b (Dhaka); 6. Banu et al. 1993 (Dhaka); 7. Ahmed 1996 (-)

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp.

(F,M)

Syn.: Spirocamallanus sp.

Location: stomach, intestine

Hosts: Clarias batrachus (11,12,15)

Cynoglossus arel (2,3)
Dussumieria acuta (13)
Eutropiichthys murius (1,8,16)
Heteropneustes fossilis (1,5,6,7,8)
Mystus cavasius (1,8)
M. tengara (14)
Polydactylus sextarius (13)
catfish (9)
fish (4,10)^[89]

Dist.: Dhaka, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 2. Ahmed and Rahman 1976 (Bay of Bengal), 3. 1977 (Bay of Bengal), 4. 1979 (Bay of Bengal); 5. Ahmed and Sanaullah 1976 (-)^[90], 6. 1977a (Rajshahi); 7. Sanaullah and Ahmed 1978 (Rajshahi)^[91]; 8. Ahmed 1981 (-), 9. 1996 (-); 10. Islam 1982 (Sylhet); 11. Rashid et al. 1983 (Dhaka); 12. Rashid and Haque 1984a (Dhaka); 13. Ahmed et al. 1986 (Bay of Bengal); 14. Chowdhury et al. 1990 (Dhaka); 15. Rashid 1990 (Dhaka); 16. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Echinocephalus sp.

(F?)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Channa striata (1,2)

Clarius batrachus (1,2)

Dist.: Bangladesh

Records: Ali 1968 (-); 2. Anon. 1974 (-)

Remarks: Members of the genus Echinocephalus are parasites of elasmobranchs. The above records from freshwater fishes of Bangladesh are likely based on misidentifications.

Gnathostoma spinigerum Owen, 1836 larva

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine, viscera, body cavity, muscles

Hosts: Anabas testudineus (11)

Channa striata (1,2,6)
Clarias batrachus (1,3,4,5,12)
Heteropneustes fossilis (1,3,4,5,12)
Mystus microphthalmus (1,2,4,6,12)
Nandus nandus (9)
Ompok bimaculatus (10,12)
O. pabda (10,12)
Wallago attu (1,2,4,6,12)
Xenentodon cancila (1)
catfish (7)
fish (8,10)

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1972b (Dhaka), 2. 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 3. Ahmed and Sanaullah 1976 (-)^[92], 4. 1977a (Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet)^[93]; 5. Sanaullah and Ahmed 1978 (Chittagong, Dhaka)^[94]; 6. Ahmed 1981 (-), 7. 1996 (-); 8. Islam 1982 (Sylhet); 9. Nahida et al. 1994 (Dhaka); 10. Khanum et al. 1996 (Dhaka); 11. Akther et al. 1997 (Dhaka); 12. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: The life cycle was summarized by Moravec (1998). Definitive hosts are typically piscivorous mammals (mainly felids, canids and mustelids), including domestic dogs and cats, in which the adult parasite occurs in swellings of the stomach. Intermediate hosts include various species of freshwater copepods, where development to third-stage larvae occurs. Fish, amphibians and other animals that ingest infected copepods may become paratenic hosts, the larvae becoming encapsulated in the musculature and visceral organs. This nematode is the cause of gnathostomosis, a serious disease of man.

Heliconema brevispiculum Baylis, 1934

(F)

Location: stomach

Host: Channa marulius

Dist.: Rajshahi

Record: Khan and Yaseen 1969

Remarks: This species was originally described from a marine eel (Muraenesox cinereus) from Australia (see Sood 1989); its presence in a freshwater fish in Bangladesh requires confirmation. Khan and Yaseen (1969) provided a description of their material, which comprised only three female specimens.

Proleptus inflatus (von Linstow, 1890)

Baylis, 1933

(F)

Location: stomach

Host: Mastacembelus armatus

Dist.: Sylhet

Record: Khan and Yaseen 1969

Remarks: This species was originally described from a shark (Scyllium immoratum), locality unknown (see Soota 1983). Its occurence in a freshwater fish of Bangladesh seems unlikely. A description was provided by Khan and Yaseen (1969).

Pseudoproleptus vestibulus Khera, 1953

(F)

Location: esophagus, stomach, intestine

Host: Mastacembelus armatus

Dist: Bangladesh

Record: Khanum and Parveen 1997

Spinitectus indicus Verma and Agarwal 1932

(F)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Clupisoma garua (2)

Eutropiichthys vacha (2)
Wallago attu (1)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Khan and Yaseen 1969 (Dhaka); 2. Chandra 1993b (Dhaka)

Remarks: This species was redescribed by Khan and Yaseen (1969).

Rhabdochona bagarii Gupta and Srivastava, 1982

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Bagarius bagarius

Dist.: Bangladesh

Record: Ahmed and Ezaz 1997

Rhabdochona magna Khan and Yaseen, 1969

species inquirenda

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Rita rita

Dist.: Chittagong

Records: Khan and Yaseen 1969 (Chittagong); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: Due to the inadquate description based on four female nematodes, Moravec (1975) and Soota (1983) regarded this taxon as a species inquirenda. A redescription by Zaidi and Khan (1975), based only on female specimens taken from the same host in Pakistan, has added little new information.

Nematoda gen. sp.

(F)

Location: stomach?, intestine, body cavity

Hosts: Channa punctata (1)

C. striata (1,2)
Clupisoma garua (1)
Clarias batrachus (6,8)
Colisa fasciatus (3)
Mystus tengara (2,4)
Ompok bimaculatus (8)
O. pabda (5)
Otolithoides pama (1,2)
catfish (7)

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka, Rajshahi

Records: 1. Ali 1968 (-); 2. Anon. 1974 (Chittagong), 3. 1993 (Rajshahi); 4. Hassan et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 5. Ali et al. 1983 (Dhaka); 6. Rashid and Haque 1984b (Dhaka); 7. Chandra 1994b (Dhaka)^[95]; 8. Ahmed 1996 (-)

Heterosentis plotosi Yamaguti, 1935

(B)

Location: intestine

Host: Plotosus canius

Dist.: Barisal

Records: Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Barisal); Ahmed 1981 (Barisal); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Echinorhynchus kushiroensis Fujita, 1921^[96]

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine

Host: Glossogobius giuris

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: Khanum et al. 1992 (-), 1994 (Dhaka)

Sachalinorhynchus sp.

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Labeo rohita

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: Ahmed and Begum 1978 (Dhaka); Ahmed 1981 (Dhaka)

Hypoechinorhynchus sp.

(B)

Location: intestine

Host: Mystus gulio

Dist.: Barisal

Records: Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Barisal); Ahmed 1981 (Barisal); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Cleaveius secundus (Tripathi, 1959)

Golvan, 1969

(B)

Syn.: Mehrarhynchus secundus Tripathi, 1959^[97]

Location: intestine

Hosts: Arius gagora

Dist.: Barisal

Records: Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Barisal); Ahmed 1981 (Barisal); Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Serrasentis sagittifer (Linton, 1889)

Van Cleave, 1923

(M)

Syn.: Serrasentis socialis (Leidy, 1851)

Location: intestine

Host: Lates calcarifer

Dist.: Chittagong?^[98]

Records: Chandra 1992a, 1993b

Acanthogyrus (Acanthogyrus) acanthogyrus Thapar, 1927

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Catla catla

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: Ahmed and Begum 1978 (Dhaka); Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Dhaka); Ahmed 1981 (Dhaka)

Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) dattai (Podder, 1938) Dollfus and Golvan, 1956

(F)

Syn: Acanthosentis dattai Podder, 1938

Location: intestine

Host: Puntius sophore

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Dhaka); Ahmed 1981 (Dhaka)

Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) indicus (Tripathi, 1959) Chubb, 1982

(F)

Syn.: Acanthosentis indicus Tripathi, 1959

Location: intestine

Host: Setipinna phasa

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka

Records: Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka); Ahmed 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka)

Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) tilapiae (Baylis, 1948) Dollfus and Golvan, 1956

(F)

Syn.: Acanthosentis tilapiae Baylis, 1948

Location: intestine

Hosts: Channa striata (1,2)

Clarias batrachus (3)

Dist.: Barisal

Records: 1. Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Barisal); 2. Ahmed 1981 (Barisal); 3. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Acanthogyrus sp.

(F)

Syn.: Acanthosentis sp.

Location: intestine

Hosts: Clarias batrachus (2,3,4)

Eutropiichthys murius (1,3,5)

Dist.: Dhaka, Sylhet?, Rajshahi

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 2. Ahmed and Sanaullah 1976 (-)^[99], 3. 1977a (Dhaka, Rajshahi)^[100]; 4. Sanaullah and Ahmed 1978 (Rajshahi); 5. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Pallisentis (Brevitritospinus) allahabadii Agarwal, 1958

(F)

Location: intestine, liver, mesenteries

Host: Channa punctata

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka

Records: Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka); Ahmed 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka)

Remarks: There are many reports of Pallisentis spp. occurring free and encapsulated in the viscera and body cavity, indicating that members of this genus frequently use fish as paratenic hosts.

Pallisentis (Pallisentis) gaboes (MacCallum, 1918) Van Cleave, 1928

(F)

Location: intestine, body cavity, mesenteries

Hosts: Channa striata (1,2,3)

Clarias batrachus (7)
Glossogobius giuris (1,4,5)
Ompok bimaculatus (6,7)
O. pabda (5,6,7)

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka

Records: 1. Ahmed and Begum 1978 (Dhaka); 2. Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka); 3. Ahmed 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka); 4. Khanum et al. 1992 (-), 5. 1994 (Dhaka), 6. 1996 Dhaka); 7. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: There are many reports of Pallisentis spp. occurring free and encapsulated in the viscera and body cavity, indicating that members of this genus frequently use fish as paratenic hosts.

Pallisentis (Pallisentis) garuai (Sahay, Sinha and Gosh, 1971) Jain and Gupta, 1979

(F)

Syn.: Devendrosentis garuai Sahay, Sinha and Gosh, 1971

Location: stomach [?], intestine

Hosts: Clupisoma garua (1,2,3)

Silonia silondia (1,2)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Dhaka); 2. Ahmed 1981 (Dhaka); 3. Ahmed and Ezaz 1997 (-)

Remarks: The synonomy follows Amin et al. (2000).

Pallisentis (Pallisentis) nagpurensis (Bhalerao, 1931) Baylis, 1933

(F)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Channa marulius (1,4)

C. punctata (1)

C. striata (1,2,3,4)

Dist.: Barisal, Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 2. Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka); 3. Ahmed 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka); 4. Khanum et al. 1993 (-)

Pallisentis (Pallisentis) nandai Sarker, 1953^[101]

(F)

Location: stomach [?], intestine; viscera

Hosts: Glossogobius giuris (7,8)

Nandus nandus (1,2,3,4,5,6,9)

Dist.: Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet?

Records: 1. Rahman and Ali 1967 (Chittagong); 2. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 3. Anon. 1974 (-); 4. Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka); 5. Ahmed 1981 (Barisal, Dhaka); 6. Chowdhury et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 7. Khanum et al. 1992 (-), 8. 1994 (Dhaka); 9. Nahida et al. 1994 (Dhaka)

Remarks: There are many reports of Pallisentis spp. occurring free and encapsulated in the viscera and body cavity, indicating that members of this genus frequently use fish as paratenic hosts.

Pallisentis (Demidueterospinus) ophiocephali (Thapar, 1931) Baylis, 1933^[102]

(F)

Location: stomach, intestine, viscera, muscle [?]

Hosts: Channa marulius (2)

C. punctata (2,3,4,5)
C. striata (1,2,9)
Nandus nandus (7,8)
Ompok pabda (6)
Xenentodon cancila (10,11)

Dist.: Chittagong, Dhaka

Records: 1. Rahman and Ali 1967 (-); 2. Anon. 1974 (-); 3. Hossain et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 4. Huq et al. 1983 (Dhaka); 5. Chandra 1985a (Dhaka); 6. Hussain and Ali 1986 (Dhaka); 7. Chandra and Golder 1987 (Chittagong); 8. Golder et al. 1987 (Chittagong); 9. Rahman 1989 (-); 10. Akhtar et al. 1989 (Dhaka), 11. 1990 (Dhaka)

Remarks: This acanthocephalan has also been reported from frogs (Rana tigrina) by Chandra and Rahman (1988) and Chandra et al. (1990).

There are many reports of Pallisentis spp. occurring free and encapsulated in the viscera and body cavity, indicating that members of this genus frequently use fish as paratenic hosts.

Pallisentis sp.

(F)

Location: intestine, body cavity, viscera

Hosts: Channa gachua (2)

C. marulius (1,3)
C. punctata (3)
C. striata (1,3,6)
Clarias batrachus (4,5,7,10)
Colisa fasciatus (8,9)
Cyprinus carpio (10)
Glossogobius giuris (1,8,9)
Mystus vittatus (2)
Nandus nandus (1)
Otolithoides pama (1)
Silonia silondia (1)
Tenualosa ilisha (1)

Dist.: Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Rajshahi, Sylhet?

Records: 1. Ali 1968 (-); 2. Bashirullah 1973a (Dhaka &/or Sylhet); 3. Anon. 1974 (Chittagong); 4. Ahmed and Sanaullah 1976 (-)^[103], 5. 1977a (Rajshahi); 6. Ahmed and Begum 1978 (Barisal, Dhaka); 7. Sanaullah and Ahmed 1978 (Rajshahi); 8. Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Dhaka); 9. Ahmed 1981 (Dhaka); 10. Banu et al. 1993 (Dhaka)

Remarks: There are many reports of Pallisentis spp. occurring free and encapsulated in the viscera and body cavity, indicating that members of this genus frequently use fish as paratenic hosts.

Neoechinorhynchus aminulhaquei Chandra, 1983^[104]

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Mystus vittatus

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Chandra 1983b

Neoechinorhynchus chilkaensis Podder, 1937

(F)

Location: intestine

Host: Mugil cephalus

Dist.: Chittagong?^[105]

Records: Chandra 1992a, 1993b

Neoechinorhynchus topseyi Podder, 1937

(F)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Polynemus paradiseus

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Dhaka); Ahmed 1981 (Dhaka)

Remarks: The host is a marine and brackish water species that frequently enters fresh water during the breeding season (see Froese and Pauly 2001).

Neoechinorhynchus sp.

(F)

Location: intestine, viscera

Hosts: Cynoglossus lingua (2,3)

Eleutheronema tetradactylum (2,3)
Mystus tengara (6)
Nandus nandus (4,5)
Sardinella fimbriata (1)

Dist.: Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Bashirullah 1973a (Bay of Bengal); 2. Ahmed and Rouf 1981 (Barisal); 3. Ahmed 1981 (Barisal); 4. Chandra and Golder 1987 (Chittagong); 5. Golder et al. 1987 (Chittagong); 6. Chowdhury et al. 1990 (Dhaka)

Remarks: Although reported from a number of hosts collected in estuarine or marine coastal waters, members of the genus Neoechinorhynchus complete their life cycles in fresh water.

Acanthocephala gen. sp.

(F)

Location: intestine

Hosts: Clarias batrachus (3)

Heteropneustes fossilis (1)
Ompok bimaculatus (3)
O. pabda (2)

Dist: Chittagong, Dhaka

Records: 1. Anon. 1974 (Chittagong); 2. Ali et al. 1983 (Dhaka); 3. Ahmed 1996 (-)

Hemiclepsis marginata (O.F. Müller, 1774) Vedjovsky, 1884

(F)

Location: skin

Hosts: Clarias batrachus (1)

Labeo bata (2)

Dist: Chittagong

Records: 1. Anon. 1974 (-); 2. Sanaullah 1984 (Chittagong)

Remarks: According to McDonald and Margolis (1995), this is a European species. Its occurrence in South Asia requires confirmation.

Piscicola sp.

(F)

Location: skin

Host: Clarias gariepinus

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Banu et al. 1993

Hirudinea gen. sp.

(F)

Includes: leeches

Location: [body surface]

Host: fish

Dist.: Chittagong

Records: Golder et al. 1983 (Chittagong)^[106]; Sanaullah 1993 (-)

Argulus bengalensis Ramakrishna, 1952

(F)

Location: external surface

Host: Eutropiichthys vacha

Dist.: Bangladesh

Record: Anon. 1974

Argulus sp.

(F)

Includes: "argulosis" auctorum

Location: skin, fins, eyes, gills [?]

Hosts: Catla catla (1,2,3,4)

Channa striata (3,4)
Cirrhinus cirrhosus (3,4)
Colisa fasciatus (2)
Ctenopharyngodon idellus (15)
Heteropneustes fossilis (2,5,6,7)
Labeo rohita (1,2,3,4)
Notopterus notopterus (2)
Ompok pabda (10)
Oreochromis mossambicus (2,3)
O. niloticus niloticus (8)
carp (4)
tilapia (4)
fish (9,11,12,13,14)

Dist.: Barisal, Chittagong

Records: 1. Rahman 1967 (Chittagong), 2. 1968 (Chittagong)^[107]; 3. Ali 1968 (Chittagong); 4. Anon. 1974 (Barisal, Chittagong); 5. Ahmed and Sanaullah 1976 (-)^[108], 6. 1977a (Dhaka); 7. Sanaullah and Ahmed 1978 (Dhaka); 8. Islam et al. 1982 (Dhaka); 9. Golder et al. 1983 (Dhaka)^[109]; 10. Hussain and Ali 1986 (Dhaka); 11. Sanaullah 1993 (-); 12. Ahmed 1993 (-); 13. Chowdhury 1993 (-); 14. Hossain 1993 (-); 15. Banu et al. 1993 (Dhaka)

Remarks: Rahman (1967, 1968) reported that fish lice (Argulus) caused a mass mortality of major carps in a small pond at the Fisheries Research Institute in Chandpur in November 1964.

Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758^[110]

(F)

Location: skin, under accessory respiratory organs, above gill clefts, liver, abdomenal muscles

Hosts: Channa punctata (1)

Clarias batrachus (2)

Colisa fasciatus (1)

Puntius sophore (1)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Hossain et al. 1978 (Dhaka); 2. Zaman and Akhtar 1990 (-)

Lernaea sp.

(F)

Includes: "learnaeasis"

Location: skin

Hosts: Ctenopharyngodon idellus (3)

Hypopthalmichthys molitrix (3)

fish (1,2)

Dist.: Dhaka

Records: 1. Sanaullah 1993 (-); 2. Chowdhury 1993 (-); 3. Banu et al. 1993 (Dhaka)

Ergasilus sp.

(F)

Location: gills

Host: Cynoglossus arel

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Records: Ahmed and Rahman 1976 (Bay of Bengal), 1977 (Bay of Bengal)

Lernaeocera sp.^[111]

(F)

Location: gills

Host: Heteropneustes fossilis

Dist.: Rajshahi

Records: Ahmed and Sanaullah 1976 (-)^[112], 1977a (Rajshahi); Sanaullah and Ahmed 1978 (Rajashahi)

Remarks: As species of this genus are parasites of marine fishes, this report is regarded as a misidentification.

Ichthyoxenus amurensis (Gertsfeld, 1858) Herklots, 1870

(F)

Syn.: Livoneca amurensis Gerstfeld, 1858

Location: body cavity in region of pelvic fin

Host: Pseudeutropius atherinoides

Dist.: Dhaka

Record: Hossain et al. 1978

Remarks: The synonymy follows Kusakin (1979).

Cymothoidae gen. sp.

(M)

Location: buccal cavity

Host: Psettodes erumei

Dist.: Bay of Bengal

Records: Ahmed and Rahman 1976 (Bay of Bengal), 1977 (Bay of Bengal)

Isopoda gen. sp.

(F, M)

Location: skin, stomach

Hosts: Catla catla (2)

Polydactylus sextarius (2)

Pseudeutropius atherinoides (1,2)

Silonia silondia (2)

Tetraodon sp. (2)

Dist.: Chittagong

Records: 1. Ali 1968 (-); 2. Anon. 1974 (Chittagong)

Crustacea gen. sp.

(M)

Location: skin

Hosts: Ompok pabda (2)

fish (1)^[113]

Dist.: Dhaka, Bay of Bengal

Records: 1. Ahmed and Rahman 1979 (Bay of Bengal); 2. Ali et al. 1983 (Dhaka)