Annex

ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMMES OF THE AUSTRIAN CHAMBERS OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY FOR FORESTRY IN AUSTRIA (PowerPoint presentation)

Thomas STEMBERGER

ABTEILUNG FORSTWIRTSCHAFT UND UMWELT

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ABTEILUNG FORSTWIRTSCHAFT UND UMWELT

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ABTEILUNG FORSTWIRTSCHAFT UND UMWELT

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ABTEILUNG FORSTWIRTSCHAFT UND UMWELT

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IUFRO PROGRAMME ON GLOBAL FOREST INFORMATION (PowerPoint presentation)

Heinrich SCHMUTZENHOFER

Global Forest Information Service. A Network of Forest-Related Databases 09 January 2002

Mission of GFIS 09 January 2002

Development of a Software-Project 09 January 2002

Effect of GFIS Requirements 09 January 2002

Fathers of GFIS Risto Päivinen, EFI   H Schmutzenhofer. IUFRO Tim Richards, WCMC   David Langor, SPDC   09 January 2002

CURRENT TRENDS IN CABLEWAY SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (PowerPoint presentation)

Colin J. SAUNDERS

Cableway Extraction in Wales

UK - Forestry Industry

• Forestry Commission (FC)

• Forest Enterprise (FE) - State Forestry Department

• Private Forestry Sector

• Private forestry companies
• Wood processing companies
• Estate owners
• Farm owners

2001 Harvesting Machine Census

• The Forestry Commission has carried out a bi-annual harvesting machinery census

• The census forms are distributed to all Forestry Commission, Forest Enterprise Districts Forests, Private Forestry Organizations, Forestry Contracting Association (FCA) and Machine suppliers

• The results are compared with the returns from past census returns of 1999, 1996 and 1994

• The information is supplied to forest organizations, machine suppliers and other interested parties

Census Results

•	National figures for the cableway extraction systems used in the United Kingdom
•	The results for the 2001 returns have shown a dramatic reduction in the number of machines used

Machine Distribution

•	The graph indicates ownership of the cableway systems used in the UK
•	As previously indicated there has been a gradual reduction in the number of systems being operated
•	During the past 2–3 years the FC has removed all their own cableway systems and now rely totally on contract operations

Machine/Systems Used in the UK

• TimberMaster
• Smiths/Jones Alp
• Chapelhall (Forestry Commission Design)
• ABS - Allterrain 650
• Owren Variokran T4
• Syncrofalke
• Taurus
• Savall
• Excavator Based/Converted Machines

Timber Master (Igland 800) Winch

Taurus 402 Winch

Daewoo Solar Excavator Conversion

Working Systems

Three systems of extraction are currently undertaken in the UK, these are:

• Whole tree - The trees are manually felled and extracted with all the branches, delimbed and processed at the landing area by mechanical harvester machine.

• Whole pole - The trees are manually felled and delimbed on the forest floor, extracted to the landing area and converted by chainsaw or mechanical harvester.

• Shortwood - The trees are manually felled, delimbed and converted on the forest floor and extracted to the landing area.

• No motorized (self-propelled) carriage systems currently being used.

Operation Description

Two main extraction systems are currently being used these are:

• Live skyline - A system where three wires are used, one supports the carriage and two control the movement of the carriage on the skyline wire.

• High lead - A system where the tension between the haul back and haul in wire create the lift of the carriage.

Annual Harvesting Production by Cableway 1994–2001

Harvesting Production Results

The reduction of timber from 1994 to 2001 produced by each country in the UK has been:

• Scotland, 71 000 m³ (30%)
• England, 28 000 m³ (77%)
• Wales, 34 000 m³ (28%)
• Overall UK reduction over the period, 133 000 m³ (36%)

Reason For Reduction in Annual Production

• Low productivity
  • Hourly output
• High operational costs
  • Labour intensive
• Lower financial return from produce
  • Imported timber
• Reduced workforce-
  • Availability of skilled proficient chainsaw operators
  • Availability of skilled cableway operators
• Low remuneration for operators
  • Higher salaries for easier working conditions
• High maintenance costs on old machines

Reason for Reduction in Machine Numbers

• Increased terrain capabilities of modern harvester and forwarder machines

• Introduction of self levelling tracked based harvesters with greater terrain capabilities

• Contractors moving to conventional harvester and forwarder extraction systems

• No new developments of systems or machines

• Reduction in recruitment of younger operators

Conclusion of Review

• The number of machines in operation has reduced by 45 percent over the period, machines operating in 1994 were 69 compared to 38 in 2001

• Private ownership accounted for 88 percent in 1994 and 100 percent in 2001

• Production has been reduced by 133 000 m³ (36 percent) over the period

• Cableway extraction is very labour intensive and hourly outputs are low compared to other extraction methods

• Nation-wide reduction in operator recruitment and training of young employees

• Movement away from cableway extraction systems to purpose built excavator based harvester and forwarder extraction

Bibliography

• UK, Forest Facts and Figures, 1994, 1996, 1999 and 2000

• Forest enterprise production forecast figures for 2001

• FC/TDB, Harvesting Machine Census - 2001

• TDB (1999), IPIN 14/98 - Cableway extraction systems used in the UK forests

• TDB (1999), Technical Note 13/98 Strategic review of Cableway systems

• FC (1995), Business Enterprise Division, Analysis of Timber production from Cableway systems

And Finally, A Minor Incident

APPROACHES TO THE DESIGN OF FOREST CABLE SYSTEMS (PowerPoint presentation)

Hans Rudolf HEINIMANN

	Approaches to the Design of Forest Cable Systems
	Hans R. Heinimann John Sessions Woodam Chung
	Design of Cable Systems
	Heinimann, Sessions, Chung

		Objectives
	•	Provide a design framework
	•	Review design procedures
	•	Analyze the differences of skyline engineering approaches (US, EUR)
	Design of Cable Systems
	Heinimann, Sessions, Chung

	Cable System Design
	Covers all aspects of physically arranging and operating cable yarding systems
	Design of Cable Systems
	Heinimann, Sessions, Chung

	Design Tasks
		Conceptual design
		•	stratification of ground-based, cable-based, airship-based terrain units
		Layout design
		•	landings for ground-based, cable-based', airship-based systems
		•	allocation of terrain units to landings
		•	road location
		Skyline design
		•	location of anchors, head spars, tail spars, intermediate supports
		•	structural analyses

	Design Principles
		Q = f[a,h,fcrit, Ty,q]
	Structural Safety
		f = f[a,h,Ty,q,Qd]
	Serviceability	Carriage passage over supports ”(6–10)* Q rule”
		Cable wear (transversal: tensile stress ~ 1:40)
	Design of Cable Systems
	Heinimann, Sessions, Chung

Modelling trafficability

Assumptions
			Suspension	• Weight-suspended
				• fixed suspended
	Cable segment properties		Self-weight distribution	• Linear
				• catenary
			Material properties	• Rigid
				• elastic
			Mulitspan effects	• Non-feeding
				• free-feeding
			Load-ground interaction	• none
				• drag
	Design of Cable Systems
	Heinimann, Sessions, Chung

	Design Approaches
		Cable segment properties						Multispan effects		Log-ground interaction
	Authors	Suspension		Self-weight distribution		Material properities
		Weight	Fixed	Linear	Catenary	Rigid	Elastic	Non-feeding	Free feeding	None	drag
	(Lysons and Mann, 1967)		•		•		•	•		•
	(Pestal, 1961)	•		•		•		•		•
	(Carson and Mann, 1970)		•		•	•		•		•
	(Carson and Mann, 1971)		•	•		•		•		•
	Carson et al, 1971)
	(Carson, 1975)		•	•		•		•			•
	(Sessions, 1976)		•	•		•			•	•	•
	(Kendrick and Sessions,		•	•			•	•		•	•
	1991)
	(Brown and Sessions, 1996)		•	•			•	•		•	•
	(Zweifel, 1960)		•		•		•		•	•
	GGERPC		•	•			•		•	•	•
	(Lanner and Sessions, 1993)			[mixed]
	GANTNER	•		•		•		•		•
	(Leitner,1994)
	Design of Cable Systems
	Heinimann, Sessions, Chung

EMPLOYMENT OF CONTRACTORS IN CABLE CRANE OPERATIONS IN AUSTRIA
(PowerPoint presentation)

Hubertus FLADL

FAO WORKSHOP OSSIACH 2001

Development of harvesting by contractors in Austria

FAO WORKSHOP OSSIACH 2001

Development of thinning operations in Austria

FAO WORKSHOP OSSIACH 2001

Development of logging by cable yarding systems in Austria

FAO WORKSHOP OSSIACH 2001