THE STATE OF THE WORLD’s
ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES
FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

Download full PDF - 8Mb Download "In brief" PDF - 4Mb     Download Flyer PDF - 1Mb

    COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
    FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 2007

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the:

Chief, Electronic Publishing Policy and Support Branch
Communication Division - FAO
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
or by e-mail to: copyright@fao.org

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgements   (Download  1,1Mb)
Preface
The reporting and preparatory process
Executive Summary

ANNEXES

PART 1 - THE STATE OF AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY IN THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR

SECTION A: Origin and history of livestock diversity  (Download  956Kb)

1  Introduction
2  The livestock domestication process
3  Ancestors and geographic origins of our livestock
4  Dispersal of domesticated animals
5  Transformations in livestock following domestication
6  Conclusions
References

SECTION B: Status of animal genetic resources (Download  258Kb)

1  Introduction
2  State of reporting
3  Species diversity
4  Breed diversity
5  Risk status of animal genetic resources
6  Trends in breed status
7  Conclusions

SECTION C: Flows of animal genetic resources (Download  1,013Kb)

1  Introduction
2  Driving forces and historical phases in gene flows
3  The big five
4  Impacts of gene flows on diversity
References

SECTION D: Uses and values of animal genetic resources (Download  448Kb)

1  Introduction
2  Contribution to national economies
3  Patterns of livestock distribution
4  Food production
5  Production of fibre, skins, hides and pelts
6  Agricultural inputs, transport and fuel
7  Other uses and values
8  Roles of livestock for the poor
9  Conclusions
References

SECTION E: Animal genetic resources and resistance to disease (Download  98Kb)

1  Introduction
2  Disease resistant or tolerant breeds
3  Opportunities for within-breed selection for disease resistance
4  Conclusions
References

SECTION F: Threats to livestock genetic diversity (Download  229Kb)

1  Introduction
2  Livestock sector trends: economic, social and policy factors
3  Disasters and emergencies
4  Epidemics and disease control measures
5  Conclusions
References

PART 2 - LIVESTOCK SECTOR TRENDS

SECTION A: Drivers of change in the livestock sector  (Download  365Kb)

1  Changes in demand
2  Trade and retailing
3  Changing natural environment
4  Advances in technology
5  Policy environment

SECTION B: Livestock sector’s response (Download  1,078Kb)

1  Landless industrialized production systems
2  Small-scale landless systems
3  Grassland-based systems
4  Mixed farming systems
5  Issues in mixed irrigated systems

SECTION C: Implications of the changes in the (Download  89Kb)
                    livestock sector for genetic diversity
References

PART 3 - THE STATE OF CAPACITIES IN ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

SECTION A: Institutions and stakeholders  (Download  406 Kb)

1  Introduction
2  Analytical framework
3  Stakeholders, institutions, capacities and structures
References
Annex

SECTION B: Structured breeding programmes (Download  153Kb)

1  Introduction
2  Species priorities and breeding objectives
3  Organizational structures
4  Tools and implementation
5  Overview of breeding programmes by region
6  Conclusions and future priorities
References
Annex

SECTION C: Conservation programmes (Download  193Kb)

1  Introduction
2  Global status
3  Stakeholders
4  Conservation at species level – status and opportunities
5  In vivo and in vitro conservation programmes – regional analysis
6  Opportunities for improving conservation programmes
7  Conclusions and priorities
References

SECTION D: Reproductive and molecular biotechnology (Download  78Kb)

1  Introduction
2  Global overview
3  Africa
4  Asia
5  Europe and the Caucasus
6  Latin America and the Caribbean
7  Near and Middle East
8  North America
9  Southwest Pacific
10 Conclusions
References

SECTION E: Legislation and regulation (Download  348Kb)

1  International legal framework – major instruments
References
2  Emerging legal issues
3  Regulatory frameworks at regional level
Legislation cited
4  National legislation and policy
References

PART 4 - STATE OF THE ART IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES

SECTION A: Basic concepts  (Download  345Kb)

1  Animal genetic resources and breeds
2  Management of animal genetic resources
3  Risk status classification
References

SECTION B: Methods for characterization (Download  107Kb)

1  Introduction
2  Characterization – as the basis for decision-making
3  Tools for characterization
4  Conclusions
References

SECTION C: Molecular markers – a tool for (Download  147Kb)
                    exploring genetic diversity

1  Introduction
2  The roles of molecular technologies in characterization
3  Overview of molecular techniques
4  The role of bioinformatics
5  Conclusions
References

SECTION D: Genetic improvement methods to (Download  323Kb)
                    support sustainable utilization

1  Introduction
2  The context for genetic improvement
3  Elements of a breeding programme
4  Breeding programmes in high-input systems
5  Breeding programmes in low-input systems
6  Breeding in the context of conservation
7  Conclusions
References

SECTION E: Methods for economic valuation (Download  118Kb)

1  Introduction
2  Development of methodologies for economic analysis
3  Application of economic methodologies in animal genetic resources management
4  Implications for policies and future research
References

SECTION F: Methods for conservation (Download  206Kb)

1  Introduction
2  Arguments for conservation
3  The unit of conservation
4  Conservation of plant versus animal genetic resources
5  Information for conservation decisions
6  In vivo conservation
7  Current status and future prospects for cryoconservation
8  Resource allocation strategies in conservation
9  Conclusions
References

SECTION G: Research priorities (Download  129Kb)

1  Information for effective utilization and conservation
2  Information systems
3  Molecular methods
4  Characterization
5  Genetic improvement methods
6  Conservation methods
7  Decision-support tools for conservation
8  Economic analysis
9  Access and benefit-sharing

PART 5 - NEEDS AND CHALLENGES IN ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT  
 (Download  396Kb)
              

SECTION A: Knowledge of animal genetic diversity:  
concepts, methods and technologies

SECTION B: Capacity in animal genetic resources
management

1  Capacity in characterization, sustainable use
    and conservation of animal genetic resources
2  Capacity in institutions and policy-making

SECTION C: Major challenges for livestock development
and animal genetic resources management

SECTION D: Accepting global responsibility

Abbreviations and acronyms

ANNEXES

Country Reports
Reports from International Organizations
Subregional Reports
Thematic Studies
List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources
List of breeds at risk ( Extinct, Critical, Critical-maintained, Endangered, Endangered-maintained)
List of authors, reviewers and their affiliations