Acharya, P.P. 1984. The economic benefits of Daphne harvesting and papermaking. In Proceedings of the lokta (Daphne) and craft papermaking in Nepal workshop. Kathmandu, Nepal, Department of Forests/UNICEF.
Amatya, S.M. 1997. The rattan of Nepal. IUCN Nepal Biodiversity Publication Series. Kathmandu, Nepal, IUCN.
Amatya, S.M.; Paudel, S.K. & Chawdhary, C.L. 1998. Eco-geographic survey of rattan. Report prepared for International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Singapore. Kathmandu, Nepal, Forest Research and Survey Centre, (unpublished).
Dev, O.P. & Sizeland, P.T. 2000. Resin collection and marketing potential for livelihood improvement for community forest user groups: a case study for Dhankuta district, east Nepal. In S.M. Amatya, ed. Community based NTFP management. Proceedings of a Regional Workshop for South and East Asian Countries NTFP Network, held in Kathmandu, Nepal, 89 April 2000.
Bhattarai, D.R. & Maharjan, P. 2000. Medicinal and aromatic plants based on community forestry development. In S.M. Amatya, ed. Community based NTFP management. Proceedings of a Regional Workshop for South and East Asian Countries NTFP Network, held in Kathmandu, Nepal, 89 April 2000.
Department of Forests. 2000. Annual report. Kathmandu, Nepal, Department of Forests.
Edwards, D.M. 1996. Non-timber forest products from Nepal. Aspects of the trade in medicinal and aromatic plants. FORESC Monograph 1/96. Kathmandu, Nepal, Forest Research and Survey Centre, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation. 134 pp.
FAO. 1982. Medicinal plants of Nepal. RAP Publication 64, 25 pp. Bangkok, Thailand, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
Herbal Products Processing Company Ltd (HPCCL). 2000. Memo reports. Kathmandu, Nepal, Herbal Products Processing Company Ltd.
Jackson, J.K. 1994. Manual of afforestation in Nepal. Vol. 2. Kathmandu, Nepal, Forest Research
and Survey Centre, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation.
Karki, J.B.S. & Karki, M. 1997. Bamboo production, use and trade in eastern Nepal: a case study. In M. Karki, A.N. Rao, V.R. Rao & J.T. William, eds. The role of bamboo, rattan and medicinal plants in mountain development. Proceedings of a workshop held at the Institute of Forestry, 1517 May 1996, Pokhara, Nepal.
Khatri, D.B. 1994. Non-wood forest products in Asia, P.B. Durst, W. Ulrich & M. Kashio, eds. Bangkok, Thailand, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
Nepal Rastra Bank. 2000. Trade statistics. Kathmandu, Nepal, Nepal Rastra Bank.
Nepal Rosin & Turpentine Company Ltd. 2001. Memo report. Kathmandu, Nepal, Nepal Rosin and Turpentine Company Ltd.
New Era Ltd. 2001. A study on non-timber forest products of Bagmati Integrated Watershed Management Program. Kathmandu, Nepal, Bagmati Integrated Watershed Management Program.
Olsen, C.S. 1998. The trade in medicinal and aromatic plants from Central Nepal to northern India. Economic Botany 52(3): 279292.
Paudel, D. & Rosset, C. 1998. What Hanuman brought was not only jaributi. Action Research Cell, Technical Note No. 1. Kathmandu, Nepal, Nepal Swiss Community Forestry Development Project.
Rawal, R.B. 1995. Commercialization of aromatic plants and medical plants in Nepal. In Beyond timber: social, economic and cultural dimensions of non-wood forest products in Asia and the Pacific. RAP Publication 1995/13. Bangkok, Thailand, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
Shrestha, G.L. & Shrestha, B. 1999. An overview of wild relatives of cultivated plants in Nepal. In R. Shrestha & B. Shrestha, eds. Wild relatives of cultivated plants in Nepal. Proceedings of National Conference on Wild Relatives of Cultivated Plants in Nepal, Kathmandu, June 24, 1999.
This report has been realized within the framework of the EC-FAO Partnership Programme "Sustainable Forest Management in Asia". The contents are based on available information at FAO headquarters in Rome, as well as on a report provided by Dr Swoyambhu Man Amatya, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Department of Forest Research and Survey, Forest Research Division, Kathmandu, Nepal.
The following persons have also contributed to the praparation of this report: Executive Chairman, Nepal Rosin and Turpentine, Company Limited; Mr Dhruba Raj Bhattarai, General Manager, Herbal Products Processing Company Ltd; Mr M. Haque, Mr G.D. Pinprikar, Dabur Nepal Private Ltd; Mr Pratap Man Shrestha, Program Officer, FAO, Kathmandu. The Department of Forests, Babar Mahal, Kathmandu, also contributed to the reports preparation.
Additional information on NWFP, especially on animals and animal products in Nepal, would be appreciated and duly acknowledged.
CONTACTS
Asia Network for Small-Scale Agricultural Bio-resources
Minbhavan, Kathmandu
Bhaktapur Crafts Printers
P.O. Box 2205
Bhaktapur
Centre for Community Development and Research,
Gorkha District.
Gorkha Ayurved Co. Gorkha District.
P.O. Box 3666,
Chetrapati, Kathmandu
Karnali Institute, Jumla District
Sambala Herbal and Aromatic Industries, Sunsari District
Private enterprises supported by HPPCL (Herbal Products Processing Company Limited):
Natural Products Industries, Kapilbastu District
Purbanchal Citronella Udhyog, Jhapa District
Himalayan Ginger Co., Tanahu District
According to the report by Dr Swoyambhu Man Amatya, the only important non-wood service is grazing by livestock. Livestock grazing takes place throughout the year but there is no information on livestock types and the extent of the area grazed.
Since some valuable species of medicinal plants are facing the threat of extinction due to indiscriminate collection, national parks and wildlife reserves have been established to protect the natural ecosystem. National parks and wildlife reserves occupy 14 percent of the total land area (Rawal 1995).
Product |
Resource |
Economic Value |
||||||||||
Category |
Importance |
Trade name Generic term |
Species |
Part used |
Habitat |
Source |
Destination |
Quantity, Value |
Remarks |
References |
||
1, 2, 3 |
F, P, O |
W, C |
N, I |
|||||||||
Plant and plant products |
||||||||||||
Food |
1 |
Sal seed |
Shorea robusta |
se |
F |
W |
N,I |
19841986: average of 430 000 litres of seed oil and 3 500 MT of de-oiled cake |
Jackson 1994 |
|||
1 |
Katha and kutch |
Acacia catechu |
hw |
F |
W |
N,I |
1988: 74 MT US$15/kg |
Edwards 1996 |
||||
Fodder |
1 |
Badahar |
Artocarpus lakoocha |
l |
P,O |
C |
N |
60200 kg p/a |
Upadhya 1991 |
|||
1 |
Khanyu |
Ficus semicordata |
l |
P,O |
C |
N |
Pandey 1982 |
|||||
2 |
Nebharo |
Ficus auriculata |
l |
P,O |
C |
N |
6080 kg p/a |
Amatya 1990 |
||||
3 |
Dhudhilo |
Ficus nerifolia |
l |
P,O |
C |
N |
Jackson 1994 |
|||||
3 |
Gogan |
Saurauria nepaulensis |
l |
P,O |
C |
N |
Amatya 1990 |
|||||
3 |
Khasru |
Quercus semecarpifolia |
l |
F |
W |
N |
Amatya 1990 |
|||||
3 |
Kutmero |
Litsea monopetala |
l |
P,O |
C |
N |
Amatya 1990 |
|||||
Medicinal and aromatic plants |
1 |
Kutki |
Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora |
ro, st |
F, O |
W |
N, I |
47 MT in 1997/98 |
Dept. of Forests 1998 |
|||
1 |
Chiraitio |
Swertia chiraita |
pl |
F, P, O |
W, C |
N, I |
286 MT in 1997/98 |
Dept. of Forests 1998 |
||||
1 |
Timur |
Zanthoxylum armatum |
se |
F |
W |
N,I |
260 MT in 1993/94 |
Dept. of Forests 1995 |
Product |
Resource |
Economic Value |
||||||||||
Category |
Importance |
Trade name Generic term |
Species |
Part used |
Habitat |
Source |
Destination |
Quantity, Value |
Remarks |
References |
||
1, 2, 3 |
F, P, O |
W, C |
N, I |
|||||||||
Plant and plant products |
||||||||||||
1 |
Yarsa gumba |
Cordyseps sinesis |
O |
W |
N,I |
In India sold at NR28 000/kg In remote districts sold at NR3 to 5 per piece |
Amatya 2001
|
|||||
1 |
Panch aule |
Dactylorhiza hatagirea |
O |
W |
N,I |
In India sold at US$1220/kg |
Amatya 2001 |
|||||
Sarpagandha |
Rauwolfia serpentina |
ro |
F,O |
W,C |
N,I |
50 MT exported in 1996 |
Edwards 1996 |
|||||
1 |
Tejpat |
Cinnamomum tamala |
le |
F |
W |
N,I |
101 MT in 1997/98 |
Dept. of Forests 1998 |
||||
1 |
Dalchini |
Cinnamomum jalanicum |
ba |
F |
W |
N,I |
87 MT in 1997/98 |
Dept. of Forests 1998 |
||||
1 |
Ritha |
Sapindus mukuorossi |
fr |
F,O |
W, C |
N, I |
1 043 MT in 1997/98 |
Dept. of Forests 1998 |
||||
1 |
Kurilo/ Satawari |
Asparagus racemosus |
ro |
F |
W |
N,I |
27 MT in 1997/98 |
Dept. of Forests 1998 |
||||
1 |
Nagbeli |
Lycopodium clavatum |
pd |
F |
W |
N |
34 MT in 1997/98 |
Dept. of Forests 1998 |
||||
1 |
Lauth salla |
Taxus baccata |
le |
F |
W |
N,I |
253 MT in 1997/98 |
Dept. of Forests 1998 |
||||
2 |
Guche chau |
Morchella corina |
pl |
F |
W |
N,I |
100 MT in 1995 |
New Era 2001 |
||||
3 |
Atis |
Delphinium himalayai |
pl |
F,O |
W |
N |
2 800 MT in 1995 |
New Era 2001 |
||||
1 |
Jatamasi |
Nardostachys jatamansi |
ro |
F, O |
W |
N, I |
97 MT in 1997/98 |
Dept. of Forests 1998 |
Product |
Resource |
Economic Value |
||||||||||
Category |
Importance |
Trade name Generic term |
Species |
Part used |
Habitat |
Source |
Destination |
Quantity, Value |
Remarks |
References |
||
1, 2, 3 |
F, P, O |
W, C |
N, I |
|||||||||
Plant and plant products |
||||||||||||
2 |
Sugandhawal |
Valeriana jatamansi |
ro |
F,O |
W |
N,I |
48 MT in 1997/98 22 MT in 1996/97 |
Dept. of Forests 1998 |
||||
Dyeing and tanning
|
1 |
Majito |
Rubia manjith |
p |
F |
W |
N, I |
87 MT in 1997/98 105 MT in 1996/97 |
Dept. of Forests 1998 |
|||
1 |
Padamchal |
Rheum emodi |
ro |
F,O |
W |
N |
18 MT in 1997/98 |
Plantations: 13 557 seedlings in 1999 17 000 seedlings in 2000 |
Dept. of Forests 1998 |
|||
Utensils, handicrafts, construction materials |
1 |
Lokta |
Daphne bholua, Daphne papyracea |
ba
|
F
|
W
|
N, I
|
700 000 sheets in 1984, 1983/84: 35 000 kg of paper |
Jeanreneud 1984 Acharya 1984 |
|||
2 |
Leyas/ murali |
Ampelocalamus patellans |
st |
F |
W |
N |
Average 3 culms p/a |
Karki and Kari 1996 |
||||
Exudates |
1 |
Khoto |
Pinus roxburghii |
rn |
F,P |
W |
N,I |
1 518 MT of rosin; 3 41 MT of turpentine produced in 1999 |
Nepal Rosin & Turpentine Co. 2001 |
Importance: 1 high importance at the national level; 2 high importance at the local/regional level; 3 low importance
Parts used: an whole animal; ba bark; bw beeswax; le leaves; nu nuts; fi fibres; fl flowers; fr fruits; gu gums;
ho honey; la latex; oi oil; pl whole plant; re resins; ro roots; sa sap; se seeds; st stem; ta tannins; heartwood (hw); shoot (sh); tuber (tub)
Habitat: F natural forest or other wooded lands; P plantation; O trees outside forests (e.g. agroforestry, home gardens)
Source: W wild, C cultivated
Destination: N national; I international