Improved techniques of oyster farming is available; there are abundant natural oyster grounds and environmental conditions for. growing oysters are favourable all year round.
What is lacking is government incentive by way of policy on small-scale coastal fishery resource uses supporting the development of oyster and mussel culture in new areas other than those traditionally used at present. Identification of such areas for this would be required to provide small-scale fishermen with alternative fishery occupations. Oyster and mussel farming activities in certain grounds could form part of the overall fishery activities of fishermen as part of a coastal resource management system.
In 1982 a Seafarming Study made by the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme estimated the potentials for expansion of oyster and examined the extent of possible municipal fishermen that could enjoy the benefits of said expansion nationwide. Tables 6 and 7 summarize the location and number of farms and potential areas for development.
Table 6. Estimated potential for expansion of oyster farming
Area now used | Potential area | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region | Province or location | Number of farms | (ha) | Source of information | (ha) | Source of estimate | Remarks | Sanitation (estimated) | Accepted estimate (ha) |
NCR | Manila Bay | - | none | BFAR | 35 | BFAR | Navotas | Grossly polluted | none |
Paranaque | |||||||||
Las Piñas | |||||||||
I | Pangasinan | 386 | 16.8 | BFAR | 5 000 | BFAR/RO | April 1981 | ||
2 000 | BFAR/RO | May 1981 | |||||||
675–800 | CDS/CDS | Bolinao Bay | Clean | ||||||
330 | PSF | Bolinao to Caquiputan | Clean | ||||||
3 000 | SFS | Tambac Bay | Clean | ||||||
100 | SFS | Dagupan/Binmaley | Polluted | 4 000 | |||||
La Union | 39 | 3.7 | BFAR | 1 000 | BFAR/RO | ||||
200 | SFS | Sto. Tomas | Polluted | 200 | |||||
Sta. Lucia | |||||||||
San Fernando | |||||||||
Ilocos Sur | 11 | 1.3 | BFAR | 100 | SFS | Sta. Maria, Vigan | Polluted | 100 | |
Ilocos Norte | 19 | 0.7 | BFAR | 20 | Badoc, Laoag | Polluted | 20 | ||
II | Cagayan | 32 | 9.5 | BFAR | 26 | BFAR | Clean | 30 | |
III | Zambales | - | none | BFAR | 20 | BFAR SFS | Port Matalvis | Clean | 20 |
Bulacan | 145 | 18 | BFAR | 17 | BFAR | Polluted | 20 | ||
Bataan | - | none | BFAR | 10 | BFAR | 10 | |||
IV | Cavite | 300 | 3001 | PCARR | 2 | BFAR | 117.6 ha (BFAR) | Polluted | none |
To be terminated by reclamation within ten years | |||||||||
Marinduque | - | none | BFAR | 5 | BFAR | Clean | 5 | ||
Mindoro | - | none | BFAR | 10 | BFAR | Clean | 10 | ||
Palawan | - | none | BFAR | 20 | BFAR | Clean | 20 | ||
Batangas | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | Clean | ||||
100 | SFS | 100 | |||||||
50 | BFAR | ||||||||
Quezon | - | none | BFAR | 1 200 | CDS | Padre Burgos | |||
200 | SFS | Padre Burgos | Clean | 200 | |||||
Romblon | 1 | 2.0 | BFAR | none | BFAR | none | |||
V | Camarines Norte | - | none | BFAR | 13 | BFAR | |||
Camarines Sur | 1 | 0.1 | BFAR | 4 | BFAR | ||||
Albay | - | none | BFAR | 2 | BFAR | ||||
Catanduanes | 2 | 0.1 | BFAR | 6 | BFAR | ||||
Masbate | - | none | BFAR | 3 | BFAR | ||||
Sorsogon | 32 | 6.6 | BFAR | 1 500 | BFAR SFS | Clean | 530 | ||
VI | Capiz | 160 | 501 | BFAR/RO | 45 | BFAR | 1Tinagong | Clean | |
Dagat only | |||||||||
= 30 ha | |||||||||
5002 | BFAR/RO | 2Est. including | Clean | 500 | |||||
Visan, Panay, | |||||||||
etc. | |||||||||
Aklan | 9 | 8.3 | BFAR | 10 | BFAR | ||||
100 | SFS | Inshore of | Clean | 100 | |||||
mussel farms | |||||||||
and at Bata | |||||||||
Iloilo | 14 | 3.3 | BFAR | 15 | BFAR | Banate Bay | Polluted | 15 | |
Antique | - | none | BFAR | 2 | BFAR | - | 5 | ||
Negros Occ. | 48 | 7.8 | BFAR/RO | 49 | BFAR | 1.2 ha - BFAR | |||
100 | SFS | Hinigaran Himamaylan | Polluted | 100 | |||||
VII | Cebu | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | |||
100 | SFS | Carmen Bay | Clean | 100 | |||||
Negros Or. | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | none | |||
Bohol | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | |||||
100 | SFS | Calape Inabanga | Polluted | 100 | |||||
Siquijor | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | none | |||
VIII | Leyte | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | |||
2 000 | CDS/SFS | Biliran St. | Clean | ||||||
Leyte Bay | |||||||||
200 | CDS/SFS | Cancabato | Polluted | 2 000 | |||||
Samar | 1 | 0.3 | BFAR | none | BFAR | Bay, Tacloban | |||
200 | CDS/SFS | Silanga Bay Catbalogan | Polluted | ||||||
500 | SFS | Maqueda Bay | Clean | 500 | |||||
IX | |||||||||
Zamboanga del Norte | - | none | BFAR | 1 | BFAR | ||||
Zamboanga del Sur | - | none | BFAR | 1 | BFAR | ||||
Basilan | - | none | BFAR | 3 | BFAR | ||||
Tawi-tawi | - | none | BFAR | 3 | BFAR | 10 | |||
X | Misamis Occ. | - | none | BFAR | 10 | BFAR | |||
Misamis Or. | - | none | BFAR | 10 | BFAR | ||||
Surigao del Norte | - | none | BFAR | 10 | BFAR | ||||
Camiguin | - | none | BFAR | 10 | BFAR | ||||
50 | SFS | For region | 50 | ||||||
XI | Davao del Sur | - | none | BFAR | 25 | BFAR | |||
Davao Oriental | - | none | BFAR | 170 | BFAR | ||||
Surigao del Sur | 2 | 0.5 | BFAR | 10 400 | BFAR SFS | For region | 400 | ||
XII | Cotabato | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | none | ||
Lanao del Sur | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | none | |||
Total | 1 202 | 429 | 9 145 |
Source: SCS/82/WP/103
Table 7. Number of municipal fishermen who could benefit from expanded oyster culture
Region | Number of municipal fishermen (1977) | Potential expansion (ha) | Average area per farm (assumed) (ha) | Additional farms | Percent of fishermen who could grow oysters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | 43 553* | 4 320 | 0.2 | 21 600 | 49.6** |
II | 11 793 | 30 | 0.2 | 150 | 1.3 |
III | 36 595 | 50 | 0.2 | 250 | 0.7 |
IV | 66 026 | 335 | 0.2 | 1 675 | 2.5** |
V | 63 912 | 530 | 0.2 | 2 650 | 4.1 |
VI | 35 865 | 720 | 0.2 | 3 600 | 10.0 |
VII | 67 147 | 200 | 0.2 | 1 000 | 1.5 |
VIII | 46 549 | 2 500 | 0.2 | 12 500 | 26.5** |
IX | 44 111 | 10 | 0.2 | 50 | 0.1 |
X | 29 419 | 50 | 0.2 | 250 | 0.8 |
XI | 42 536 | 400 | 0.2 | 2 000 | 4.7 |
XII | 13 159 | - | - | - | - |
Total | 500 665 | 9 145 | - | 45 725 | 9.1 |
* BFAR, 1977 in "Expanded Fisheries Development Program" quoted in Smith, et. al., (1080)
** Priority regions (Provinces of Pangasinan, Quezon and Samar) Source: SCS/82/WP/1 03
For the expansion of oyster farming, a total of 9 145 ha could be developed which could benefit 9.1 percent of municipal fishermen.
In the case of mussel farming, a total estimate potential of 4 925 ha is available for development which could benefit about 9.8 percent of municipal fishermen (Tables and 9).
Table 8. Estimated potential for expansion of mussel farming
Area now used | Potential area | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region | Province or location | Number of farms | (ha) | Source of information | (ha) | Source of estimate1 | Remarks | Sanitation (estimated) | Accepted estimate (ha) |
NCR | Manila Bay | 1 | 10.31 | BFAR | 25 | BFAR | Navotas | Polluted | none |
I | All | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | none | ||
II | All | - | none | BFAR | 15 | BFAR | none | ||
III | Zambales | - | none | BFAR | 23 | BFAR | 25 | ||
Bulacan | - | none | BFAR | 10 | BFAR | 10 | |||
Bataan | - | none | BFAR | 9 | BFAR | 10 | |||
IV | Cavite | 134 | 70 | BFAR | 2 | BFAR | To be terminated by land reclamation within ten years | Polluted | none |
Marinduque | - | none | BFAR | 5 | BFAR | 5 | |||
Mindoro Or. | - | none | BFAR | 10 | BFAR | 10 | |||
Palawan | - | none | BFAR | 25 | BFAR | Clean | 25 | ||
Quezon | - | none | BFAR | 35 | BFAR | ||||
1 200 | CDS | Padre Burgos | |||||||
200 | SFS | Padre Burgos | Clean | 200 | |||||
Romblon | 1 | 2 | BFAR | 2 | BFAR | 5 | |||
V | Albay | - | none | BFAR | 2 | BFAR | |||
Camarines Norte | - | none | BFAR | 5 | BFAR | ||||
Camarines Sur | - | none | BFAR | 2 | BFAR | ||||
Catanduanes | - | none | BFAR | 5 | BFAR | ||||
Masbate | - | none | BFAR | 2 | BFAR | ||||
Sorsogon | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | Total for region | 20 | ||
VI | Capiz | 300 | 15 | BFAR/RO | 25 | BFAR | |||
200 | SFS | 200 | |||||||
Iloilo | - | none | BFAR | 10 | BFAR | 10 | |||
Aklan | - | none | BFAR | 10 | BFAR | ||||
100 | SFS | 100 | |||||||
Antique | - | none | BFAR | 2 | BFAR | - | 5 | ||
Negros Occ. | 6 | 2 | BFAR | 86 | BFAR | ||||
100 | SFS | 100 | |||||||
VII | Cebu | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | |||
501 | SFS | 1Carmen Bay | 50 | ||||||
Bohol | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | ||||
501 | SFS | 1Calape, etc. | 50 | ||||||
VIII | Leyte | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | |||
1001 | SFS | 1Babatngon | 100 | ||||||
Samar | 250 | 200 | BFAR Lab | 2 0001 | BFAR/RO | 1Jiabong only | |||
5 0001 | Rabanal | 1Maqueda Bay | |||||||
1 800 | FIDC/FAO FAO IBRD Proposal | Longline culture in Maqueda Bay | 4 000 | ||||||
IX | All | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | none | ||
X | All | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | none | ||
XI | All | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | none | ||
XII | All | - | none | BFAR | none | BFAR | none | ||
Total | 692 | 299.3 | 4 925 |
Table 9. Number of municipal fishermen who could benefit from expanded mussel culture
Region | Number of municipal fishermen | Potential expansion (ha) | Average area per farm (assumed) (ha) | Additional farms | Percent of fishermen who could grow mussels |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | 53 553* | - | - | - | ** |
II | 11 793 | - | - | - | - |
III | 36 595 | 45 | 0.1 | 450 | 1.2 |
IV | 66 026 | 245 | 0.12 | 2 450 | 3.7** |
V | 63 912 | 20 | 0.1 | 200 | 0.3 |
VI | 35 865 | 415 | 0.1 | 4 150 | 11.6 |
VII | 67 147 | 100 | 0.1 | 1 000 | 1.5 |
VIII | 46 549 | 4 100 | 0.1 | 41 000 | 88.4** |
IX | 44 111 | - | - | - | - |
X | 29 419 | - | - | - | - |
XI | 42 536 | - | - | - | - |
XII | 13 159 | - | - | - | - |
Total | 500 665 | 4 925 | -. | 49 250 | 9.8% |
* BFAR in “Expanded Fisheries Development Program (Smith, et. al., ICLARM, 1980)
** Priority regions (Provinces of Pangasinan, Quezon and Samar) Source: SCS/82/WP/103