PART IV
ANNEXES

Annex 1
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Annex 2
LIST OF LECTURE TOPICS AND CORRESPONDING LECTURERS,
PRACTICAL WORKS, FIELD VISITS AND DETAILS
OF THE SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES

Schedule of Activities

Annex 3
LIST OF TRAINING STAFF

Corrales, Rhodora, A., Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City

Fortes, Miguel D., Ph.D. Associate Professor, Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City

Gomez, Edgardo D., Ph.D. Professor and Director, Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City

Modelo, Romeo, Ph.D. Associate Professor, College of Arts and Sciences, De La Salle University, Taft Avenue, Manila

Trono, Gavino C. Jr.,¹ Ph.D. Professor, Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City

Ricohermoso, Maximo, President, Seaweed Industry Association of the Philippines, Mandaue City, Cebu

¹ Served as Training Director of the Course

Annex 4
REMARKS OF DR. EDGARDO D. GOMEZ
PROFESSOR AND DIRECTOR MARINE SCIENCE INSTITUTE, COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
TRAINING COURSE ON SEAWEED FARMING
2–21 MAY 1988

Mr. Tengku Ubaidillah,
Mr. Justo R. Montemayor,
Mrs. Medina N. Delmendo,

Project Coordinator,
Fellow Guests and Participants:

We are gathered here this morning to open the Regional Training Course on Seaweed Farming. This occasion brings us together to recognize the fact that more and more people are aware of the importance of seaweeds and more and more agencies have been addressing this particular problem to maximize the spread of knowledge on seaweeds. We are now beyond the stage of collecting wild seaweeds and we are exerting efforts in facing and searching for new species that might be produced in this country and many countries are enjoined in this effort. In Asia seaweeds transplantation has the greatest potential and biotypes where seaweeds may be found are abundant. We are gathered here today to open this training course so that a number of participants from the ASEAN and non-ASEAN countries can learn the different methods of seaweed culture, exchange ideas, share problems and share time and effort to solve these problems so that later on in going back home to be able to train others on the culture of different types of seaweeds.

The Marine Science Institute is about to put all systems to this important exercise. I would like to be apologetic simply because we are not in the very fast stage of growth. At the moment we cannot offer you the best facilities. We are making available to you the facilities that we presently have to make your training worthwhile and you may see our laboratory which is not only devoted to marine seaweeds. We are at the present time constructing the headquarters and hope some of you will have the chance to work and see our laboratory. I understand you are going to our Marine Laboratory in Pangasinan.

We have been constructing the laboratory two years ago with a total expense of about 2 million. Now, the costs have been doubled and we have just known that the Secretary of Budget has approved our funding to complete our Complex consisting of the laboratory, administration building, dormitory and housing of our staff. When you go to Pangasinan, you will see what is happening there. There are many projects that we are undertaking. I hope you will have a chance to see the location.

Let me just pass on these two or three ideas that pertains to seaweed since you will be lectured in the class. I would like to say that in your effort to develop this marine resource in your respective country, let me point out that effort can only be obtained if there is a sincere dedication on the participant to obtain results to come up. Too often we make some effort to make the project see through. In our project there is that interest of the staff. I have noticed that this has been successful since the staff is willing to make some extra effort, some sacrifice. It is not just an eight to five o'clock hour work. It is difficult to work earlier than eight o'clock in the morning and finish beyond five o'clock in the afternoon and work on Saturdays. But perhaps if you want to see results, we could try to develop a work ethic that will meet the challenge. The second point is the present resource development in the environment. We will talk on this later in the day. In our effort to develop this resource, we forget the conservation of our environment. Too often we are trying to develop our production without due regard to environment. If we are to make our marine resources productive, we should take into consideration the impact of the various habitats of environment.

I would like to welcome all of you in this particular training and hope you will find this course very profitable when you go back to your respective country.

Annex 5
ADDRESS OF MR. TENGKU UBAIDILLAH
FAO REPRESENTATIVE MANILA
TRAINING COURSE ON SEAWEED FARMING
2–21 MAY 1988

Sponsored by the ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project
and
Seafarming Development and Demonstration Project

On behalf of FAO I would like to welcome you all to the Philippines. It is always a pleasure to me to receive and to join fellow workers in Fisheries, because I have spent almost 30 years of my life in the service of Fisheries. Although I have a broadened scope of work now, I am still serving fisheries as one of my areas of concern. Small-scale fishermen is still the target group we are directing our rural development efforts.

General Information

Seaweed farming has a fairly recent development in Asia except that of Porphyra known as Nori to the Japanese which was reported to have started in 1596 in Hiroshima Bay. The discovery that the pole and net devices installed to catch fish were fouled by this algae led to their use in culturing Porphyra. In China the farming of this species was initiated about 200 years ago (Trono, 1986).

In the Philippines the culture of Eucheuma started in 1970. Other countries in the region do have seaweed farming activities but these are mostly at the earlier stages of development.

FAO considers that the culture of seaweeds is one of the activities which has positive socio-economic impact on the coastal fishing communities. It is also compatible with coastal environment management which offers positive income-generation to small-scale fishing communities. Seaweeds are used for human consumption and industrial applications.

Of the world production of seaweeds for use in the manufacture of industrial phycocolloids, Asia produces 50 percent of those used for agar, 46 percent of those used for carrageenan and 40 percent of those used for alginates. These extracts come from red and brown algae.

In general, the brown seaweeds mainly grow in temperate waters while the red seaweeds in warm tropical waters. The latter group of seaweeds are used in the production of agar and carrageenan. The cultivation of these species is therefore, of great interest to the developing countries particularly in Southeast Asia.

Seaweed farming or “mariculture” became popular in 1970 when the culture of Eucheuma species was initially developed in the Philippines. Eucheuma is a source of carrageenan. This extract is mainly used as a stabilizing and gelatinizing agent in food, in toothpaste, cosmetic products and in solid air fresheners.

The international demand for carrageenan increased over the last two decades. Harvesting of the wild stocks, therefore, became intensive and the farming techniques developed for its production somehow minimized the depletion of natural stocks. The Philippines in 1972 produced only less than 20 tons of Eucheuma. However, the Philippines succeeded in increasing its total annual production of seaweeds to over 167 000 metric tons in 1985. The farming of seaweeds is replacing the traditional seaweed collection done in the past. It is placed as third marine product for export.

There are other species of seaweeds which are being cultivated such as Gracilaria, Caulerpa, Porphyra, Undaria and Laminaria. These species are mainly used for food. The techniques of farming will be given in this training course which the participants hopefully would assimilate in the next three weeks of training activities.

Other uses of seaweeds besides food and industrial applications are animal feeds and fertilizers. Brown seaweeds are used in the production of animal feeds as sources of iodine and other trace elements. They are also used as organic fertilizer and source of certain hormones.

The demand for brown seaweeds have been increasing due to their uses as source of animal feeds and fertilizers in the last 30 years. It developed in Ireland and Norway. However, the prohibitive cost of drying due to high cost of oil led to the drastic decline and collapse in the manufacture of these products. In the tropical region such as Southeast Asia where reasonable supplies of these brown algae (e.g., Sargassum) are found and climatic conditions for open air drying is feasible should exploit this resource and develop a similar industrial application on a commercial scale. Developing countries could perhaps revive the European market for these applications by supplying the market with dried seaweeds or establish processing facilities themselves.

The socio-economic benefits which the small-scale fishermen households derive from seaweed farming is one of the over-riding factors which justifies the organization of this training course. Government technicians and seafarmers alike are given the opportunity to obtain training so that they may serve as the instruments of development and expansion of seaweed farming in the region.

In the Philippines, a number of studies have shown that sizeable portions of coastal populations (coastal fishermen and their families) are gainfully employed full-time in seaweed farming particularly in the southern and central regions of the country. It provides the fishing households with cash income which enable them to narrow the gap between their needs and what is avail-able to them from time to time.

Status and potentials of seaweed farming development

Most countries in Asia have already started to develop their seaweed resources and they are in various stages of development.

In countries where seaweed cultivation has become an industry, efforts are concentrated in studies on how to reduce production costs, development of high quality products and regulation and management of the industry.

In countries where exploitation of seaweeds has just started, research and development thrusts are directed towards expansion of production areas and identification of seaweed sites or areas suitable for seaweed farming. On the other hand, in places where production depends on wild stocks collection and harvesting, development efforts are geared towards identification of new sea-weed grounds for exploitation and protection of stocks from overharvesting.

The role of FAO in seaweed farming development

Recognizing the socio-economic impact of seaweed farming on small-scale fisheries development, FAO through the financial support of the UNDP is promoting the exchange of technical information and sharing of practical experiences among developing countries through training. This training course is one of them. Through the auspices of the two Regional FAO/UNDP Projects, i.e., the ASEAN Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project and the Regional Seafarming Development and Demonstration Project, this Training Course on Seaweed Farming is organized.

This course is designed to give you the essential technical knowledge about seaweeds and hands-on training on farming techniques, harvesting and processing.

On behalf of the FAO, I would like to thank the Government of the Philippines through the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and the Marine Science Institute of the University of the Philippines for hosting this training course. I am sure that the participants will acquire the knowledge they need and benefit greatly from this training course in the furtherance of seaweed farming in their respective countries.

I wish each one of you a pleasant stay in the Philippines and success in your endeavor.

Annex 6
POOLED RESULTS OF THE TRAINING

Annex 7
CLOSING REMARKS OF MR. JUSTO R. MONTEMAYOR
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
BUREAU OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC RESOURCES TRAINING COURSE ON SEAWEED FARMING

I would like to welcome you back to Manila. It is very evident that you have really gone out to work in the field as shown by your dark, tanned complexion. The saying that “black is beautiful” applies to each one of the participants on account of your sun brunt skin.

It is our sincere hope that each one of you not only gained theoretical knowledge about seaweeds, but most of all acquired the practical know-how on seaweed farming which is the main objective of the course.

I understand that you were able to see for yourselves the seaweed industry activities in Cebu, Bohol and Leyte. You were also given the opportunity to practice what a seaweed farmer does in seaweed fanning. While it is not possible to see and observe the whole cycle of farming seaweeds, it is hoped that the exposure you made in the seaweed farms had given you adequate knowledge and hands-on experience. These, hopefully, would enable you to apply what you have just learned during the last three weeks from our country to your respective countries.

We are indeed very happy to be part of this learning process. We, in the Philippines do not profess to know everything about seaweed farming but we just happened to develop this industry ahead of the ASEAN countries in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Hence, hosting this training course is indeed an honor and privilege.

In the course of your training activities you might have encountered some difficulties, the Project Coordinator, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, with the cooperation of the Marine Science Institute, tried their best to arrange the training programme as easy as possible. On the other hand, there are not adequate comfortable facilities in rural areas where seaweed farming could best be observed and practiced. We therefore, beg to apologize for the inconveniences you encountered which did not meet your expectations during the period of your training.

In closing, I would like to congratulate each one of you for successfully completing the training period and wish you all the best of luck and success in your seaweed farming development. Perhaps in the future we could meet again not to train, but to exchange experiences and information to know the progress each country made on seaweed farming and production.

Till then, good luck and good bye.

Annex 8
CLOSING STATEMENT OF DR. GAVINO C. TRONO, JR.
TRAINING COORDINATOR
TRAINING COURSE ON SEAWEED FARMING

Up to the first half of the 1980's the developmental efforts in aquaculture were mainly centered on finfishes, crustaceans and mollusks. It was only very recent when the seaweed resources were recognized as an area of high potentials for development. The recognition of the importance of seaweeds as a fishery resource and as an alternate source of livelihood for coastal populations in developing countries in Asia have been the driving force which made possible the holding of this training programme. This training course was designed to develop/promote qualified expertise in seaweed farming to help in food production, provide cash crops and open new alternative employment to enhance the socio-economic welfare of the coastal communities as well as offer practical training on seaweed farming and management of natural stocks of economically important seaweed species.

The training programme consisted of basic lectures and hands-on field training on the culture of Eucheuma, Caulerpa and Gracilaria, and the assessment and rationale utilization of natural stocks of economic species such as Sargassum. The services of experts were employed to deliver high quality information on the different subjects for the purpose of enhancing the learning capabilities of the participants. The physical facilities of Marine Science Institute were made available for the training to further improve the learning environment.

The programming of the training activities within a three-week period has out of necessity been quite hectic, but it was felt that such arrangements were reasonable in order to avoid wastage in time and funds.

The learning process in an exercise such as this training is significantly influenced by two major factors; by the capabilities of the training instructors to convey/communicate the information which are to be learned by the. participants, and the ability, interest and discipline of the participants to learn what are being taught to them. In a very heterogeneous group of this sort, the background on the subject matter and the ability to comprehend the medium of instruction are additional factors which further influenced the learning process. From the Training Director's perception most of the “small” problems encountered during the conduct of this training stemmed from these factors. The failure of several of the participants to observe discipline has also been identified as one contributory factor inimical to the learning process.

Notwithstanding these constraints, the training staff believes that the objectives of this course has been achieved based on the quality of the information being conveyed to the participants and the expertise and all-out effort rendered. The ultimate measure of the success of this training programme, however, will only be known a few years from now and such is mainly dependent on you, the participants. This is the challenge which the training staff and the sponsors are directing you. We strongly encourage you to answer this challenge. Your failure to come up to this challenge will mean a tremendous loss in our efforts, time, energy and funds on our part. It is now your ball game.

In order to help your meet this challenge please let us know of the additional assistance which you may require. On my part and I am sure also from the members of the training staff, it has been a pleasure and a rewarding experience to have at least been able to influence your thoughts and future activities towards the need to develop the seaweed resources in your countries.

Thank you.

Annex 9
THE IMPORTANCE OF SEAWEED RESOURCES AND THE NEED FOR SEAWEED TRAINING¹

by

Dr. Herminio R. Rabanal²

¹ Talk delivered during the Closing Ceremonies of the Training Course on Seaweed Farming, sponsored by the ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project and the Seafarming Development and Demonstration Project held at the University of the Philippines Campus, Diliman Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines, 21 May 1988.

² Consultant (Aquaculture), 8 Basilan Road, Philamlife Homes, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines.

I understand that today you have just successfully completed your training on the culture and rational utilization of seaweeds. I greet you and commend you for completing this very valuable training course. Eight years ago in April 1981, the FAO/UNDP-South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme, a predecessor of the ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, one of your sponsors, initiated a training course on Gracilaria algae patterned along the same lines as your course and practically using the same expertise and more, in this course.

I can see from your course outline that you covered more species of the economic seaweeds than the first course. You also have wider area and much more diversified practical activities. It is to the credit of the organizers of your course and the wise counsel of your instructors that this has happened.

The seaweeds as I am sure you have now realized are very interesting groups of living plants. They have great variety in size from very microscopic to giant plants of the oceans. They live in a great variety of environments from slightly freshwater as in the Gracilaria to strictly marine forms like the Sargassum. They may also occupy very shallow areas and may tolerate intermittent drying-up while others occupy the sea bottom down to medium depths which can be reached by sunlight. Some require very clear water while others can tolerate slightly turbid waters. There are those that can grow in stagnant areas but most of them would require some amount of current in their natural environment. As they inhabit very varied environments, one of the most interesting characteristics of the seaweeds is their ability to synthesize varied substances that are peculiar, interesting, some useful while others can be powerful poisons to other organisms.

It is the last named characteristic — the attribute to form unique substances, that has made many species of seaweeds useful and of high economic value today. I must, however, remind you that this training can be considered only as a scratch on the surface with regards to the culture and utilization of economic seaweeds. I am sure that your instructors have emphasized to you that there is a lot more to know about seaweeds. There are many more species of seaweeds for which we have no knowledge of while there are only few that we know a little of such as the ones you dealt with this course. Very little is still known of the many more useful substances from many other kinds of seaweeds that have not yet been discovered or we know very little of.

It is with this realization that there are many seaweeds we do not know yet and there are many more useful substances from seaweeds still undiscovered, that underscores the usefulness and need for the course that you have just completed. It is also for this reason that your sponsors have required your respected institutions in your respective countries some knowledge about yourselves and that you have some involvement or will have such involvement of seaweed work in your respective countries. It must be borne in mind that if this training is to be of some use at all, some of you should come out in your respective countries in the not too distant future to provide some form of leadership to initiate, if you have not yet initiated, or to expand, if you have already started, the seaweed work in your respective institutions. I trust that you will make full use of the knowledge that you have just acquired.

In this connection, I would like to inform you that in the course of my aquaculture work in the global scope but more especially in the Asian region, I am very pleased and I enjoyed my visits and exchanges of information with fisheries people in your respective countries. In the People's Republic of China where I had the opportunity to visit the coastal areas to help formulate a coastal aquaculture project, I saw the vast coastal and marine resources in that country. It is of interest to mention at this point that the Chinese art of seaweed processing dates from prehistoric times. In India where I had occasion to visit some years back particularly the tropical southern portion of the country, relatively advanced research and development work on seaweeds have been going on for sometime. In Indonesia, the archipelagic nature of that country favors a great variety and quantity of marine resources including that of the seaweeds. Seaweed work composes a part of an ongoing foreign-assisted seafarming project for that country. It has been sometime since I had the opportunity to visit the Republic of Korea, but at the time of my visit that country has achieved very advanced techniques in the culture of the economic seaweeds present along its coasts. Malaysia is one other country which has big potentials for the utilization of natural seaweed stocks and for the culture of many economic species. In fact multilateral technical assistance projects on seaweed culture have already been initiated in that country. With regards to the Philippines, initially, natural stocks of economic seaweeds were overexploited so that today this country has to depend on culture to produce the seaweeds that it exports. Unfortunately, it seems that this country is overconcentrating in the culture of only limited group of economic seaweeds and has not diversified in this activity. Thailand likewise has many natural seaweed areas and has high potential for the culture of many economic species. That country in fact hosts the FAO/UNDP Regional Seafarming Development and Demonstration Project, your other co-sponsor for this training. In addition, we could have also expected participants from the Pacific islands countries where seaweed utilization and farming also has very high potentials.

Of course, it should also be realized that mutual exchange of knowledge and information in this field can be very useful. The many friendships and acquaintances that you have formed in this training should be kept and constantly refreshed in the years to come. Whether you realized it or not, I am sure that you have also contributed some knowledge, no matter how little, when you described to your co-participants and to your instructors your own work and experiences before you came here. It is therefore, hoped that you will maintain your contacts and benefit from the exchange as you progress in your future work.

In closing, I would like to express the hope that you have gained something useful during your participation in this course. I hope that you did not work yourself out, but you have also some occasion to see many beautiful sights in this country. If you have not, however, you better stay for some more days, or arrange to come back sometime. I hope you enjoyed your stay in the Philippines and best wishes and good luck to you in your future endeavors.

Annex 10
IMPRESSIONS OF THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE TRAINING COURSE ON SEAWEED FARMING
2–21 MAY 1988

by

Dr. V.K.S. Chennubhotla
(Participant from India)

On behalf of all the participants of the above programme, I wish to state that the training programme was informative and interesting to us. After an initial orientation course on general aspects of seaweeds, the team left for Cebu.

With the kind courtesy of the President of Marine Colloids Philippines Incorporated, the team have stayed in the farm house located at Bohol. This has given all the participants an excellent opportunity to see the actual farming of Eucheuma, harvesting and processing the same for extraction of the phycocolloid, the carrageenan.

Other features of interest of the programme were the Caulerpa farming in ponds in Mactan Island, Lapu-Lapu City and the demonstration of the Gracilaria farming technique that is followed in Chile.

The participants are of the opinion that these economic species can be hopefully transplanted in their countries in suitable areas. Some of the participants are of the view that the training programme can be further improved by the faculty staff in developing more rapport with the participants by treating them as colleagues and not as students. The field programme arranged by the Project Coordinator in Cebu was excellent. It really gave the participants the practical exposure to seaweed farming and processing. The President of the Seaweed Farming Association of the Philippines was very accommodating and the hospitality he gave to the participants was very warm indeed.

All the participants wish to place on record the excellent care taken by Mrs. Medina N. Delmendo, Project Coordinator, RAS/84/016, on the participants and in conducting the course smoothly.

I take this opportunity to thank FAO/UNDP/BFAR/DAF/MSI/NACA for arranging this training programme and for successfully conducting the same.

Thank you.

PUBLICATIONS AND DOCUMENTS OF THE
ASEAN/UNDP/FAO REGIONAL SMALL-SCALE COASTAL FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
(RAS/84/016)

Working Papers

ASEAN/SF/86/WP/1 Rabanal, H. R. Seafarming as alternative to small-scale fishing in ASEAN region. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 55p.

ASEAN/SF/86/WP/2 Soeyanto, T. The status of Bali Strait fisheries with special reference to Muncar, Kedonganan and Jimbaran coastal villages. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 36p.

ASEAN/SF/86/WP/3 Boongerd, S. and S. Chitrapong. Small-scale fishing for squids and related species in Thailand. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 44p.

Workshop Reports/Other General Reports

ASEAN/SF/86/GEN/1 Report of national consultative meeting on aquaculture engineering held in Tigbauan Research Station, SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, Iloilo City, Philippines, 2–5 October 1985. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 186p.

ASEAN/SF/86/GEN/2 Zabala, P. T. (Comp.) Preliminary annotated bibliography on small-scale fisheries in the ASEAN Region. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 41p.

ASEAN/SF/87/GEN/3 Report on the training course on shrimp culture held in Jepara, Indonesia, 2–19 December 1987. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1987. 63p.

ASEAN/SF/88/GEN/4 Report on the training course on small-scale fisheries extension held in Semarang, Indonesia, 26 January–14 February 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. (In preparation).

ASEAN/SF/88/GEN/5 Report on the training course on fisheries extension methodology held in Penang, Malaysia, 13–26 March 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 266p.

ASEAN/SF/88/GEN/6 Report on the training course on seaweed farming held in Manila, Philippines, 2–21 May 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 169p.

ASEAN/SF/88/GEN/7 Report on the training/study tour of pelagic fishing with the use of “payaw” held in Manila, Philippines, 16 May–4 June 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. (In preparation).

ASEAN/SF/88/GEN/8 Report of the workshop on artificial reefs development and management held in Penang, Malaysia, 13–16 September 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. (In preparation).

ASEAN Fisheries Manuals

ASEAN/SF/86/Manual No. 1 Suprayitno, H. Manual of running water fish culture. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 34p.

ASEAN/SF/88/Manual No. 2 Godardo, L.J. Manual on seaweed farming: 1. Eucheuma spp. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 25p.

ASEAN/SF/88/Manual No. 3 Trono, G.C., Jr. Manual on seaweed culture: 2. Pond culture of Caulerpa. 3. Pond culture of Gracilaria. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 20p.

Periodic Progress Reports

ASEAN/SF/86/PR-1 Soesanto, V. Project progress report of the ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 5 October 1985–5 April 1986. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. 9p.

ASEAN/SF/86/PR-2 Soesanto, V. Project progress report of the ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 6 April–6 October 1986. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1986. l1p.

ASEAN/SF/88/PPER-3 Delmendo, M.N. Project performance evaluation report of the ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 31 July 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 23p.

Technical Reports Contributed to Symposia/Meetings, etc.

ASEAN/SF/85/Tech. 1 Rabanal, H. R. and V. Soesanto. The world fishery and culture of Macrobrachium and related prawn species. Contributed to the National Conference on Prawn Technology, sponsored by the Philippine Fishfarmer's Technical Assistance Foundation, Inc., Manila, Philippines, 27–28 November 1985. 16p.

ASEAN/SF/86/Tech. 2 Rabanal, H. R. and V. Soesanto. Commercial species of shrimps and prawns, their sources and export markets. Contributed to the Seminar on Quality Control in the Production, Processing and Marketing of Frozen Shrimps for Export, sponsored by Food Research Department, Food Terminal Incorporated, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines, 29–31 July 1986. 64p.

ASEAN/SF/86/Tech. 3 Rabanal, H. R. Status and prospects of shrimp farming in the Philippines. Contributed to the Monthly Seminar Series on Timely and Related Fisheries Issues, sponsored by the Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and Development, (PCARRD), Los Ban˜os, Laguna, Philippines, 5 November 1986. 24p.

ASEAN/SF/87/Tech. 4 Delmendo, M. N. Fishery administration and policy in the Philippines: Past and present. Contributed to the National Conference on Fisheries Policy and Planning, Baguio City, Philippines, 16–20 March 1987. 35p.

ASEAN/SF/86/Tech. 5 Delmendo, M. N. Milkfish culture in pens: An assessment of its contribution to overall fishery production of Laguna de Bay. Paper read in the Seminar on the occasion of the Fish Conservation Week, BFAR, October 1987. 17p.

ASEAN/SF/87/Tech. 6 Delmendo, M. N. and B. H. Delmendo. Small-scale aquaculture operations in the ASEAN countries. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1987. 49p.

ASEAN/SF/88/Tech. 7 Rabanal, H. R. History of aquaculture. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 13p.

ASEAN/SF/88/Tech. 8 Rabanal, H. R. and M. N. Delmendo. Organization of the aquaculture industry. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 10p.

ASEAN/SF/88/Tech. 9 Rabanal, H. R. Report on the World Aquaculture Society, 19th Annual Conference and Exposition, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A., 4–10 January 1988. Manila, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, 1988. 99p.