UN Enviroment Programme

Chapter 4. Environmental, health and socio-economic impacts of soil pollution

References

Abad-Valle, P., Álvarez-Ayuso, E., Murciego, A., Muñoz-Centeno, L.M., Alonso-Rojo, P. & Villar-Alonso, P. 2018. Arsenic distribution in a pasture area impacted by past mining activities. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 147: 228–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.031

Abbasian, F., Lockington, R., Megharaj, M. & Naidu, R. 2016. The Biodiversity Changes in the Microbial Population of Soils Contaminated with Crude Oil. Current Microbiology, 72(6): 663–670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-016-1001-4

Abdel-Shafy, H.I. & Mansour, M.S.M. 2016. A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source, environmental impact, effect on human health and remediation. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 25(1): 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2015.03.011

Abdelwaheb, M., Jebali, K., Dhaouadi, H. & Dridi-Dhaouadi, S. 2019. Adsorption of nitrate, phosphate, nickel and lead on soils: Risk of groundwater contamination. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 179: 182–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.040

Abdollahi, M., Hassani, S. & Derakhshani, M. 2014. Phenol. Encyclopedia of Toxicology. 3rd Edition edition, pp. 871–873. Saint Louis, UNITED STATES, Elsevier Science & Technology. (also available at http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bull-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1651791).

Abrahams, P.W. 2002. Soils: their implications to human health. Science of The Total Environment, 291(1): 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01102-0

Adamczyk-Szabela, D., Romanowska-Duda, Z., Lisowska, K. & Wolf, W.M. 2017. Heavy Metal Uptake by Herbs. V. Metal Accumulation and Physiological Effects Induced by Thiuram in Ocimum basilicum L. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 228(9): 334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3508-0

Adesiji, N.E. & Ademola, J.A. 2019. Soil-to-cassava plant transfer factor of natural radionuclides on a mining impacted soil in a tropical ecosystem of Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 201: 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.01.011

Adetunde, O.T., Mills, G.A., Olayinka, K.O. & Alo, B.I. 2014. Assessment of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via involuntary ingestion of soil from contaminated soils in Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 49(14): 1661–1671. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2014.951223

Adrees, M., Ali, S., Rizwan, M., Ibrahim, M., Abbas, F., Farid, M., Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Irshad, M.K. & Bharwana, S.A. 2015. The effect of excess copper on growth and physiology of important food crops: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(11): 8148–8162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4496-5

Ahlborg, G., Einistö, P. & Sorsa, M. 1988. Mutagenic activity and metabolites in the urine of workers exposed to trinitrotoluene (TNT). British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 45(5): 353–358. (also available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1008008/).

Ahmad, A. & Bhattacharya, P. 2019. Arsenic in Drinking Water: Is 10 μg/L a Safe Limit? Current Pollution Reports, 5(1): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-019-0102-7

Ahsan, N., Lee, D.-G., Lee, S.-H., Kang, K.Y., Lee, J.J., Kim, P.J., Yoon, H.-S., Kim, J.-S. & Lee, B.-H. 2007. Excess copper induced physiological and proteomic changes in germinating rice seeds. Chemosphere, 67(6): 1182–1193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.075

Akhtar, N., Khan, S., Malook, I., Rehman, S.U. & Jamil, M. 2017. Pb-induced changes in roots of two cultivated rice cultivars grown in lead-contaminated soil mediated by smoke. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(26): 21298–21310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9777-8

Akoto, O., Gavor, S., Appah, M.K. & Apau, J. 2015. Estimation of human health risk associated with the consumption of pesticide-contaminated vegetables from Kumasi, Ghana. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(5): 244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4471-0

Albero, B., Tadeo, J.L., Escario, M., Miguel, E. & Pérez, R.A. 2018. Persistence and availability of veterinary antibiotics in soil and soil-manure systems. Science of The Total Environment, 643: 1562–1570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.314

Al-Farsi, R.S., Ahmed, M., Al-Busaidi, A. & Choudri, B.S. 2017. Translocation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) into plant tissues: A review. Emerging Contaminants, 3(4): 132–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2018.02.001

Ali, A.M., Langberg, H.A., Hale, S.E., Kallenborn, R., Hartz, W.F., Mortensen, Å.-K., Ciesielski, T.M., McDonough, C.A., Jenssen, B.M. & Breedveld, G.D. 2021. The fate of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in a marine food web influenced by land-based sources in the Norwegian Arctic. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts: 17. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EM00510J

Alicandro, G., Rota, M., Boffetta, P. & La Vecchia, C. 2016. Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Archives of Toxicology, 90(11): 2643–2656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-016-1822-8

Alimi, O.S., Farner Budarz, J., Hernandez, L.M. & Tufenkji, N. 2018. Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environments: Aggregation, Deposition, and Enhanced Contaminant Transport. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(4): 1704–1724. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05559

Allen, H.K., Donato, J., Wang, H.H., Cloud-Hansen, K.A., Davies, J. & Handelsman, J. 2010. Call of the wild: antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 8(4): 251–259. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2312

Alloway, B.J. 2012. Heavy metals in soils: trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability. Springer Science & Business Media.

Almahayni, T. & Vanhoudt, N. 2018. Does leaching of naturally occurring radionuclides from roadway pavements stabilised with coal fly ash have negative impacts on groundwater quality and human health? Journal of Hazardous Materials, 349: 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.01.029

Amari, T., Ghnaya, T. & Abdelly, C. 2017. Nickel, cadmium and lead phytotoxicity and potential of halophytic plants in heavy metal extraction. South African Journal of Botany, 111: 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.03.011

An, J., Chen, H., Wei, S. & Gu, J. 2015. Antibiotic contamination in animal manure, soil, and sewage sludge in Shenyang, northeast China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74(6): 5077–5086. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4528-y

Anderson, H.A. & Wolff, M.S. 2000. Environmental contaminants in human milk. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 10(6): 755–760. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500133

Andrady, A.L. 2011. Microplastics in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(8): 1596–1605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.030

Andujar, P., Lacourt, A., Brochard, P., Pairon, J.-C., Jaurand, M.-C. & Jean, D. 2016. Five years update on relationships between malignant pleural mesothelioma and exposure to asbestos and other elongated mineral particles. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 19(5–6): 151–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2016.1193361

Aoshima, K. 2016. Itai-itai disease: Renal tubular osteomalacia induced by environmental exposure to cadmium—historical review and perspectives. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 62(4): 319–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2016.1159116

Aragón, F.M. & Rud, J.P. 2016. Polluting Industries and Agricultural Productivity: Evidence from Mining in Ghana. The Economic Journal, 126(597): 1980–2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12244

Arena, C., De Micco, V., Macaeva, E. & Quintens, R. 2014. Space radiation effects on plant and mammalian cells. Acta Astronautica, 104(1): 419–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.05.005

Aristilde, L., Melis, A. & Sposito, G. 2010. Inhibition of Photosynthesis by a Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(4): 1444–1450. https://doi.org/10.1021/es902665n

Aschberger, K., Micheletti, C., Sokull-Klüttgen, B. & Christensen, F.M. 2011. Analysis of currently available data for characterising the risk of engineered nanomaterials to the environment and human health — Lessons learned from four case studies. Environment International, 37(6): 1143–1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.02.005

Aschner M. 2000. Manganese: brain transport and emerging research needs. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(suppl 3): 429–432. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.00108s3429

Aslam, T., Deurer, M., Müller, K., Clothier, B.E., Rahman, A., Northcott, G. & Ghani, A. 2009. Does an increase in soil organic carbon improve the filtering capacity of aggregated soils for organic pesticides? — A case study. Geoderma, 152(1): 187–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.06.015

ATSDR. 1995. Toxicological profile for 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene., p. 208. Atlanta, Georgia, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (also available at https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/6255/cdc_6255_DS1.pdf).

ATSDR. 1999. Toxicological profile: Chlorophenols., p. 260. Toxicological profiles. Atlanta, Georgia, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (also available at https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/PHS/PHS.asp?id=939&tid=195).

ATSDR. 2004. Interaction profile for Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes (BTEX)., p. 154. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (also available at https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/interactionprofiles/ip-btex/ip05.pdf).

ATSDR. 2008. Toxicological Profile for Phenol., p. 269. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (also available at https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp115.pdf).

ATSDR. 2012a. Manganese Toxicological Profile., p. 556. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (also available at https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp151.pdf).

ATSDR. 2012b. Toxicological Profile for Radon., p. 283. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (also available at https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp145.pdf).

ATSDR. 2013. Toxicological Profile for Uranium., p. 526. Toxicological profiles. Atlanta, Georgia, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (also available at https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp150.pdf).

ATSDR. 2014. Case studies in environmental medicine - Asbestos Toxicity., p. 129. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (also available at https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/asbestos_2014/docs/asbestos.pdf).

ATSDR. 2018. ATSDR Toxic Substances Portal. In: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry [online]. [Cited 22 September 2020]. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/substances/index.asp

ATSDR. 2020. Toxicological Profile for Chlorobenzene., p. 132. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (also available at https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp131.pdf).

Au, S.Y., Lee, C.M., Weinstein, J.E., Hurk, P. van den & Klaine, S.J. 2017. Trophic transfer of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems: Identifying critical research needs. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 13(3): 505–509. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1907

Auta, H.S., Emenike, C.U. & Fauziah, S.H. 2017. Distribution and importance of microplastics in the marine environment: A review of the sources, fate, effects, and potential solutions. Environment International, 102: 165–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.013

Azarbad, H., Niklińska, M., Laskowski, R., van Straalen, N.M., van Gestel, C.A.M., Zhou, J., He, Z., Wen, C. & Röling, W.F.M. 2015. Microbial community composition and functions are resilient to metal pollution along two forest soil gradients. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 91(1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiu003

Baba, H., Tsuneyama, K., Yazaki, M., Nagata, K., Minamisaka, T., Tsuda, T., Nomoto, K., Hayashi, S., Miwa, S., Nakajima, T., Nakanishi, Y., Aoshima, K. & Imura, J. 2013. The liver in itai-itai disease (chronic cadmium poisoning): pathological features and metallothionein expression. Modern Pathology, 26(9): 1228–1234. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2013.62

Babiker, I.S., Mohamed, M.A.A., Terao, H., Kato, K. & Ohta, K. 2004. Assessment of groundwater contamination by nitrate leaching from intensive vegetable cultivation using geographical information system. Environment International, 29(8): 1009–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00095-3

Badanthadka, M. & Mehendale, H.M. 2014. Chlorophenols. Encyclopedia of Toxicology. 3rd Edition edition, pp. 896–899. Saint Louis, UNITED STATES, Elsevier Science & Technology. (also available at http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bull-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1651791).

Balazs Carolina, Morello-Frosch Rachel, Hubbard Alan, & Ray Isha. 2011. Social Disparities in Nitrate-Contaminated Drinking Water in California’s San Joaquin Valley. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(9): 1272–1278. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002878

Ballesteros, S., Domenech, J., Barguilla, I., Cortés, C., Marcos, R. & Hernández, A. 2020. Genotoxic and immunomodulatory effects in human white blood cells after ex vivo exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics. Environmental Science: Nano, 7(11): 3431–3446. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EN00748J

Banzhaf, S., Filipovic, M., Lewis, J., Sparrenbom, C.J. & Barthel, R. 2017. A review of contamination of surface-, ground-, and drinking water in Sweden by perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Ambio, 46(3): 335–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0848-8

Bao, Z., Haberer, C., Maier, U., Beckingham, B., Amos, R.T. & Grathwohl, P. 2015. Modeling long-term uptake and re-volatilization of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) across the soil–atmosphere interface. Science of The Total Environment, 538: 789–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.104

Baran, A., Wieczorek, J., Mazurek, R., Urbański, K. & Klimkowicz-Pawlas, A. 2018. Potential ecological risk assessment and predicting zinc accumulation in soils. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 40(1): 435–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-017-9924-7

Barlow, C.A., Sahmel, J., Paustenbach, D.J. & Henshaw, J.L. 2017. History of knowledge and evolution of occupational health and regulatory aspects of asbestos exposure science: 1900–1975. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 47(4): 286–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2016.1258391

Barnes, D.K.A., Galgani, F., Thompson, R.C. & Barlaz, M. 2009. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526): 1985–1998. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0205

Barshad, I. 1960. The effect of the total chemical composition and crystal structure of soil minerals on the nature of the exchangeable cations in acidified clays and in naturally occurring acid soils. Transactions 7th int. Congr. Soil Sci., 2: 435–444. (also available at https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19621900007).

Bártíková, H., Skálová, L., Stuchlíková, L., Vokřál, I., Vaněk, T. & Podlipná, R. 2015. Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in plants and their role in uptake and biotransformation of veterinary drugs in the environment. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 47(3): 374–387. https://doi.org/10.3109/03602532.2015.1076437

Baudrot, V., Fritsch, C., Perasso, A., Banerjee, M. & Raoul, F. 2018. Effects of contaminants and trophic cascade regulation on food chain stability: Application to cadmium soil pollution on small mammals – Raptor systems. Ecological Modelling, 382: 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.05.002

Bavec, Š., Biester, H. & Gosar, M. 2018. A risk assessment of human exposure to mercury-contaminated soil and household dust in the town of Idrija (Slovenia). Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 187: 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.05.005

Beckers, F. & Rinklebe, J. 2017. Cycling of mercury in the environment: Sources, fate, and human health implications: A review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 47(9): 693–794. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2017.1326277

Bell, T.H., El-Din Hassan, S., Lauron-Moreau, A., Al-Otaibi, F., Hijri, M., Yergeau, E. & St-Arnaud, M. 2014. Linkage between bacterial and fungal rhizosphere communities in hydrocarbon-contaminated soils is related to plant phylogeny. The ISME Journal, 8(2): 331–343. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2013.149

Belyaeva, E.A., Sokolova, T.V., Emelyanova, L.V. & Zakharova, I.O. 2012. Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain in Heavy Metal-Induced Neurotoxicity: Effects of Cadmium, Mercury, and Copper. The Scientific World Journal, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/136063

Benjamin, S., Masai, E., Kamimura, N., Takahashi, K., Anderson, R.C. & Faisal, P.A. 2017. Phthalates impact human health: Epidemiological evidences and plausible mechanism of action. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 340: 360–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.036

Beresford, N.A., Barnett, C.L., Gashchak, S., Maksimenko, A., Guliaichenko, E., Wood, M.D. & Izquierdo, M. 2020. Radionuclide transfer to wildlife at a ‘Reference site’ in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and resultant radiation exposures. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 211: 105661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.02.007

Bergman, Å., Heindel, J.J., Jobling, S., Kidd, K.A., Zoeller, R.T., World Health Organization, & United Nations Environment Programme. 2013. State of the science of endocrine disrupting chemicals - 2012: an assessment of the state of the science of endocrine disruptors prepared by a group of experts for the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and WHO. United Nations Environment Program and the World Health Organization. 289 pp. (also available at http://www.who.int/ceh/publications/endocrine/en/index.html).

Berny, P., Mastain, O., Decors, A., Poulsen, V., Moinet, M. & Dunoyer, C. 2010. The SAGIR network in France: A 40-year active and passive toxicovigilance scheme for pesticide poisoning in wildlife. Toxicology Letters, 196: S322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.1017

Bielicka, A., Bojanowska, I. & Wiśniewski, A. 2005. Two faces of chromium - Pollutant and bioelement. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 14(1): 5–10. (also available at http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.631.9524&rep=rep1&type=pdf).

Bielińska, E.J., Futa, B., Ukalska-Jaruga, A., Weber, J., Chmielewski, S., Wesołowska, S., Mocek-Płóciniak, A., Patkowski, K. & Mielnik, L. 2018. Mutual relations between PAHs derived from atmospheric deposition, enzymatic activity, and humic substances in soils of differently urbanized areas. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18(8): 2682–2691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-1937-z

Bigalke, M., Schwab, L., Rehmus, A., Tondo, P. & Flisch, M. 2018. Uranium in agricultural soils and drinking water wells on the Swiss Plateau. Environmental Pollution, 233: 943–951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.061

Bingham, M. 2017. Genotoxicity. In: EU Science Hub - European Commission [online]. [Cited 29 September 2020]. https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/eurl/ecvam/alternative-methods-toxicity-testing/validated-test-methods/genotoxicity

Biswas, B., Qi, F., Biswas, K.J., Wijayawardena, A., Khan, A.M. & Naidu, R. 2018. The Fate of Chemical Pollutants with Soil Properties and Processes in the Climate Change Paradigm—A Review. Soil Systems, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems2030051

Bjørklund, G., Christophersen, O.A., Chirumbolo, S., Selinus, O. & Aaseth, J. 2017a. Recent aspects of uranium toxicology in medical geology. Environmental Research, 156: 526–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.010

Bjørklund, G., Dadar, M., Mutter, J. & Aaseth, J. 2017b. The toxicology of mercury: Current research and emerging trends. Environmental Research, 159: 545–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.051

Blanco, G., Junza, A., Segarra, D., Barbosa, J. & Barrón, D. 2016. Wildlife contamination with fluoroquinolones from livestock: Widespread occurrence of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in vultures. Chemosphere, 144: 1536–1543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.045

Blanco, G., Lemus, J.A. & García-Montijano, M. 2011. When conservation management becomes contraindicated: impact of food supplementation on health of endangered wildlife. Ecological Applications, 21(7): 2469–2477. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0038.1

Blanco, L.E., Aragón, A., Lundberg, I., Wesseling, C. & Nise, G. 2008. The determinants of dermal exposure ranking method (DERM): a pesticide exposure assessment approach for developing countries. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 52(6): 535–544. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/men035

Bläsing, M. & Amelung, W. 2018. Plastics in soil: Analytical methods and possible sources. Science of The Total Environment, 612: 422–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.086

Blum, W.E.H. 2005. Functions of Soil for Society and the Environment. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 4(3): 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-005-2236-x

Bock, K.W. 2016. Toward elucidation of dioxin-mediated chloracne and Ah receptor functions. Biochemical Pharmacology, 112: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2016.01.010

Boffetta, P. 2004. Epidemiology of environmental and occupational cancer. Oncogene, 23(38): 6392–6403. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1207715

Boghi, A., Roose, T. & Kirk, G.J.D. 2018. A Model of Uranium Uptake by Plant Roots Allowing for Root-Induced Changes in the soil. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(6): 3536–3545. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06136

Boivin, M.-E.Y., Breure, A.M., Posthuma, L. & Rutgers, M. 2002. Determination of Field Effects of Contaminants—Significance of Pollution-Induced Community Tolerance. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 8(5): 1035–1055. https://doi.org/10.1080/1080-700291905800

Bókony, V., Üveges, B., Ujhegyi, N., Verebélyi, V., Nemesházi, E., Csíkvári, O. & Hettyey, A. 2018. Endocrine disruptors in breeding ponds and reproductive health of toads in agricultural, urban and natural landscapes. Science of The Total Environment, 634: 1335–1345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.363

Bonner, M.R. & Alavanja, M.C.R. 2017. Pesticides, human health, and food security. Food and Energy Security, 6(3): 89–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.112

Borrelli, P., Robinson, D.A., Fleischer, L.R., Lugato, E., Ballabio, C., Alewell, C., Meusburger, K., Modugno, S., Schütt, B., Ferro, V., Bagarello, V., Oost, K.V., Montanarella, L. & Panagos, P. 2017. An assessment of the global impact of 21st century land use change on soil erosion. Nature Communications, 8(1): 2013. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02142-7

Bortey-Sam, N., Nakayama, S.M.M., Ikenaka, Y., Akoto, O., Baidoo, E., Yohannes, Y.B., Mizukawa, H. & Ishizuka, M. 2015. Human health risks from metals and metalloid via consumption of food animals near gold mines in Tarkwa, Ghana: Estimation of the daily intakes and target hazard quotients (THQs). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 111: 160–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.008

Boshoff, M., De Jonge, M., Dardenne, F., Blust, R. & Bervoets, L. 2014. The impact of metal pollution on soil faunal and microbial activity in two grassland ecosystems. Environmental Research, 134: 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.06.024

Boteva, S., Radeva, G., Traykov, I. & Kenarova, A. 2016. Effects of long-term radionuclide and heavy metal contamination on the activity of microbial communities, inhabiting uranium mining impacted soils. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(6): 5644–5653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5788-5

Bouchard, D.C., Williams, M.K. & Surampalli, R.Y. 1992. Nitrate Contamination of Groundwater: Sources and Potential Health Effects. Journal - American Water Works Association, 84(9): 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1992.tb07430.x

Bouwman, A.F., Beusen, A.H.W. & Billen, G. 2010. Human alteration of the global nitrogen and phosphorus soil balances for the period 1970–2050. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. https://doi.org/10.1029/[email protected]/(ISSN)1525-2027.NUTRIENT1

Bouwman, A.F., Beusen, A.H.W., Lassaletta, L., van Apeldoorn, D.F., van Grinsven, H.J.M., Zhang, J. & Ittersum Van, M.K. 2017. Lessons from temporal and spatial patterns in global use of N and P fertilizer on cropland. Scientific Reports, 7(1): 40366. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40366

Boxall, A.B.A., Rudd, M.A., Brooks, B.W., Caldwell, D.J., Choi, Hickmann Silke, Innes Elizabeth, Ostapyk Kim, Staveley Jane P., Verslycke Tim, Ankley Gerald T., Beazley Karen F., Belanger Scott E., Berninger Jason P., Carriquiriborde Pedro, Coors Anja, DeLeo Paul C., Dyer Scott D., Ericson Jon F., Gagné François, Giesy John P., Gouin Todd, Hallstrom Lars, Karlsson Maja V., Larsson D. G. Joakim, Lazorchak James M., Mastrocco Frank, McLaughlin Alison, McMaster Mark E., Meyerhoff Roger D., Moore Roberta, Parrott Joanne L., Snape Jason R., Murray-Smith Richard, Servos Mark R., Sibley Paul K., Straub Jürg Oliver, Szabo Nora D., Topp Edward, Tetreault Gerald R., Trudeau Vance L., & Van Der Kraak Glen. 2012. Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment: What Are the Big Questions? Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(9): 1221–1229. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104477

Brady, S.P., Monosson, E., Matson, C.W. & Bickham, J.W. 2017. Evolutionary toxicology: Toward a unified understanding of life’s response to toxic chemicals. Evolutionary Applications, 10(8): 745–751. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12519

Branco, V., Caito, S., Farina, M., Rocha, J.T. da, Aschner, M. & Carvalho, C. 2017. Biomarkers of mercury toxicity: Past, present, and future trends. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 20(3): 119–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2017.1289834

Brandt, K.K., Frandsen, R.J.N., Holm, P.E. & Nybroe, O. 2010. Development of pollution-induced community tolerance is linked to structural and functional resilience of a soil bacterial community following a five-year field exposure to copper. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 42(5): 748–757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.01.008

Braun, J.M. 2017. Early-life exposure to EDCs: role in childhood obesity and neurodevelopment. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 13(3): 161–173. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2016.186

Breshears, D.D., Kirchner, T.B., Whicker, J.J., Field, J.P. & Allen, C.D. 2012. Modeling aeolian transport in response to succession, disturbance and future climate: Dynamic long-term risk assessment for contaminant redistribution. Aeolian Research, 3(4): 445–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.03.012

Brevik, E.C. & Burgess, L.C. 2013. Soils and human health. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press. (also available at http://www.crcnetbase.com/isbn/9781439844557).

Brevik, E.C. & Sauer, T.J. 2015. The past, present, and future of soils and human health studies. SOIL, 1(1): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-35-2015

Brevik, E.C., Steffan, J.J., Burgess, L.C. & Cerdà, A. 2017. Links Between Soil Security and the Influence of Soil on Human Health. In D.J. Field, C.L.S. Morgan & A.B. McBratney, eds. Global Soil Security, pp. 261–274. Progress in Soil Science. Cham, Springer International Publishing. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43394-3_24).

Brock, J. & Schulz-Vogt, H.N. 2011. Sulfide induces phosphate release from polyphosphate in cultures of a marine Beggiatoa strain. The ISME Journal, 5(3): 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.135

Brombach, C.-C., Manorut, P., Kolambage-Dona, P.P.P., Ezzeldin, M.F., Chen, B., Corns, W.T., Feldmann, J. & Krupp, E.M. 2017. Methylmercury varies more than one order of magnitude in commercial European rice. Food Chemistry, 214: 360–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.064

Broomandi, P., Guney, M., Kim, J.R. & Karaca, F. 2020. Soil Contamination in Areas Impacted by Military Activities: A Critical Review. Sustainability, 12(21): 9002. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219002

Brumovský, M., Karásková, P., Borghini, M. & Nizzetto, L. 2016. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Western Mediterranean Sea waters. Chemosphere, 159: 308–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.015

Bünemann, E.K., Bongiorno, G., Bai, Z., Creamer, R.E., De Deyn, G., de Goede, R., Fleskens, L., Geissen, V., Kuyper, T.W., Mäder, P., Pulleman, M., Sukkel, W., van Groenigen, J.W. & Brussaard, L. 2018. Soil quality – A critical review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 120: 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.01.030

Burauel, P. & Baßmann, F. 2005. Soils as filter and buffer for pesticides—experimental concepts to understand soil functions. Environmental Pollution, 133(1): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.04.011

Buzby, J. & Chandran, R. 2003. The Belgian Dioxin Crisis and Its Effects on Agricultural Production and Exports. In J. Buzby, ed. International Trade and Food Safety: Economic Theory and Case Studies, pp. 125–136. Agricultural Economic Report No. 828. Economic Research Service USDA. (also available at https://arefiles.ucdavis.edu/uploads/filer_public/2014/05/19/lcfoodsafettrade03.pdf).

Callahan, Barbarag., Kostecki, P. & Reece, Karend. 2004. Human Health Risk Assessment at a Depleted Uranium Site. Soil & Sediment Contamination, 13(6): 697–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/10588330490519464

Calvo, M.S., Moshfegh, A.J. & Tucker, K.L. 2014. Assessing the Health Impact of Phosphorus in the Food Supply: Issues and Considerations. Advances in Nutrition, 5(1): 104–113. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.113.004861

Calvo, M.S. & Uribarri, J. 2013a. Contributions to Total Phosphorus Intake: All Sources Considered. Seminars in Dialysis, 26(1): 54–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/sdi.12042

Calvo, M.S. & Uribarri, J. 2013b. Public health impact of dietary phosphorus excess on bone and cardiovascular health in the general population. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 98(1): 6–15. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.053934

Campanale, Massarelli, Savino, Locaputo, & Uricchio. 2020. A Detailed Review Study on Potential Effects of Microplastics and Additives of Concern on Human Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4): 1212. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041212

Canada, E. and C.C. 2013. Monitoring biodiversity in Alberta oil sands. In: aem [online]. Last Modified: 2019-06-17. [Cited 22 June 2020]. https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/oil-sands-monitoring/monitoring-biodiversity-alberta-oil-sands.html

Careghini, A., Mastorgio, A.F., Saponaro, S. & Sezenna, E. 2015. Bisphenol A, nonylphenols, benzophenones, and benzotriazoles in soils, groundwater, surface water, sediments, and food: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(8): 5711–5741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3974-5

Cariccio, V.L., Samà, A., Bramanti, P. & Mazzon, E. 2019. Mercury Involvement in Neuronal Damage and in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biological Trace Element Research, 187(2): 341–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1380-4

Carpenter, D.O. 2006. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): routes of exposure and effects on human health. Reviews on environmental health, 21(1): 1.

Carpenter, D.O. 2015. Exposure to and health effects of volatile PCBs. Reviews on Environmental Health, 30(2): 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2014-0074

Carré, F., Caudeville, J., Bonnard, R., Bert, V., Boucard, P. & Ramel, M. 2017. Soil Contamination and Human Health: A Major Challenge for Global Soil Security. In D.J. Field, C.L.S. Morgan & A.B. McBratney, eds. Global Soil Security, pp. 275–295. Progress in Soil Science. Cham, Springer International Publishing. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43394-3_25).

Carson, R. 1962. Silent spring. Boston, Houghton Mifflin ; Cambridge, Mass : Riverside Press. 368 pp.

Carvalho, F.P. 2017. Pesticides, environment, and food safety. Food and Energy Security, 6(2): 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.108

Casey, J.A., Morello-Frosch, R., Mennitt, D.J., Fristrup, K., Ogburn, E.L. & P. 2017. Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, Residential Segregation, and Spatial Variation in Noise Exposure in the Contiguous United States. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(7): 077017. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP898

Casquero, S., Trigo, D., Martínez Guitarte, J.L. & Novo, M. 2020. When sunscreens reach the soil: Impacts of a UV filter on the life cycle of earthworms. Applied Soil Ecology, 147: 103354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.09.004

Cassani, S. & Gramatica, P. 2015. Identification of potential PBT behavior of personal care products by structural approaches. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1: 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2015.10.002

Caulfield, L.E. & Black, R.E. 2004. Chapter 5: Zinc deficiency. Comparative quantification of health risks. Global and regional burden of disease attribution to selected major risk factors, pp. 257–279. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization. (also available at https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/cra/en/).

CDC. 2019. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019., p. 150. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). (also available at https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/82532).

CEPL, HEAL & The Coalition for Environmental Justice. 2007. Making the case for environmental justice in Europe., p. 58. Budapest, Hungary, CEU Center for Environmental Policy and Law (CEPL). The Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL), the Coalition for Environmental Justice. (also available at https://www.academia.edu/7653552/Making_the_case_for_environmental_justice_in_Europe).

Chaney, R.L. 2015. How Does Contamination of Rice Soils with Cd and Zn Cause High Incidence of Human Cd Disease in Subsistence Rice Farmers. Current Pollution Reports, 1(1): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-015-0002-4

Chao, Y., Liu, W., Chen, Y., Chen, W., Zhao, L., Ding, Q., Wang, S., Tang, Y.-T., Zhang, T. & Qiu, R.-L. 2016. Structure, Variation, and Co-occurrence of Soil Microbial Communities in Abandoned Sites of a Rare Earth Elements Mine. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(21): 11481–11490. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02284

Chaparro Leal, L.T., Guney, M. & Zagury, G.J. 2018. In vitro dermal bioaccessibility of selected metals in contaminated soil and mine tailings and human health risk characterization. Chemosphere, 197: 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.008

Chapman, P.M. 2017. Assessing and managing stressors in a changing marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 124(2): 587–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.039

Chatterjee, S., Deb, U., Datta, S., Walther, C. & Gupta, D.K. 2017. Common explosives (TNT, RDX, HMX) and their fate in the environment: Emphasizing bioremediation. Chemosphere, 184: 438–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.008

Chen, C., Wang, Y., Qian, Y., Zhao, X. & Wang, Q. 2015. The synergistic toxicity of the multiple chemical mixtures: Implications for risk assessment in the terrestrial environment. Environment International, 77: 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.01.014

Chen, Q., Sun, H., Zhang, J., Xu, Y. & Ding, Z. 2019a. The hematologic effects of BTEX exposure among elderly residents in Nanjing: a cross-sectional study. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(11): 10552–10561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04492-9

Chen, Y., Xie, T., Liang, Q., Liu, M., Zhao, M., Wang, M. & Wang, G. 2016. Effectiveness of lime and peat applications on cadmium availability in a paddy soil under various moisture regimes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(8): 7757–7766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5930-4

Chen, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, F., Liu, X. & Zhou, M. 2018. Contamination and health risk assessment of PAHs in farmland soils of the Yinma River Basin, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 156: 383–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.020

Chen, Y.-A., Grace Liu, P.-W., Whang, L.-M., Wu, Y.-J. & Cheng, S.-S. 2020. Effect of soil organic matter on petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in diesel/fuel oil-contaminated soil. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering: S1389172319309521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.12.001

Chen, Z., Zhang, W., Yang, L., Stedtfeld, R.D., Peng, A., Gu, C., Boyd, S.A. & Li, H. 2019b. Antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities in cornfield and pasture soils receiving swine and dairy manures. Environmental Pollution, 248: 947–957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.093

Cheng, S., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, D., Teng, G., Chang-Chien, G.-P., Huang, Q., Zhang, Y.-B. & Yan, P. 2019. Global Research Trends in Health Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds during the Last 16 Years: A Bibliometric Analysis. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 19(8): 1834–1843. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.06.0327

Chételat, J., Ackerman, J.T., Eagles-Smith, C.A. & Hebert, C.E. 2020. Methylmercury exposure in wildlife: A review of the ecological and physiological processes affecting contaminant concentrations and their interpretation. Science of The Total Environment, 711: 135117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135117

Choi, K. & Kim, S. 2020. Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs). In R. Kishi & P. Grandjean, eds. Health Impacts of Developmental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, pp. 359–373. Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. Singapore, Springer. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0520-1_14).

Choi, S.-Y., Lee, K., Park, Y., Lee, S.-H., Jo, S.-H., Chung, S. & Kim, K.-T. 2016. Non-Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls Inhibit G-Protein Coupled Receptor-Mediated Ca2+ Signaling by Blocking Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry. PLoS ONE, 11(3): e0150921. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150921

Chowdhury, F., Langenkämper, G. & Grote, M. 2016. Studies on uptake and distribution of antibiotics in red cabbage. Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, 11(1): 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-015-1008-y

Chuchkalov, S., Fadeev, I. & Alekseev, V. 2020. Effect of Synthetic Detergents on Soil Erosion Resistance. KnE Life Sciences: 489-496-489–496. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v5i1.6113

Čiamporová, M. 2002. Morphological and Structural Responses of Plant Roots to Aluminium at Organ, Tissue, and Cellular Levels. Biologia Plantarum, 45(2): 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015159601881

Cicin-Sain, B., Balgos, M., Appiott, J., Wowk, K. & Hamon, G. 2011. Oceans at Rio+20: how well are we doing on the major ocean commitments from the 1992 earth summit and the 2002 world summit on sustainable development?, p. 60. Global Ocean Forum. (also available at https://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Environment%20and%20Energy/Water%20and%20Ocean%20Governance/OceansatRio+20ReportSummaryforDecisionMakersOct102011.pdf).

Cipullo, S., Prpich, G., Campo, P. & Coulon, F. 2018. Assessing bioavailability of complex chemical mixtures in contaminated soils: Progress made and research needs. The Science of the Total Environment, 615: 708–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.321

Clemente, D.B.P., Casas, M., Vilahur, N., Begiristain, H., Bustamante, M., Carsin, A.-E., Fernández, M.F., Fierens, F., Gyselaers, W., Iñiguez, C., Janssen, B.G., Lefebvre, W., Llop, S., Olea, N., Pedersen, M., Pieters, N., Santa Marina, L., Souto, A., Tardón, A., Vanpoucke, C., Vrijheid, M., Sunyer, J. & Nawrot, T.S. 2016. Prenatal ambient air pollution, placental mitochondrial DNA content, and birth weight in the INMA (Spain) and ENVIRONAGE (Belgium) birth cohorts. Environ. Health Perspect., 124(5): 659–665. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408981

Cleveland, D., Hinck, J.E. & Lankton, J.S. 2021. Elemental and radionuclide exposures and uptakes by small rodents, invertebrates, and vegetation at active and post-production uranium mines in the Grand Canyon watershed. Chemosphere, 263: 127908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127908

Coenen, I.C.J. & Houwen, R.H.J. 2019. Chapter 44 - Indian Childhood Cirrhosis and Other Disorders of Copper Handling. In N. Kerkar & E.A. Roberts, eds. Clinical and Translational Perspectives on WILSON DISEASE, pp. 449–453. Academic Press. (also available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128105320000446).

Colborn, T., vom Saal, F.S. & Soto, A.M. 1993. Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environmental Health Perspectives, 101(5): 378–384. (also available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1519860/).

Collaborative on Health and the Environment. 2019. Asbestos - Toxicant and Disease Database —. In: Toxicant and Disease Database [online]. [Cited 1 December 2020]. https://www.healthandenvironment.org/our-work/toxicant-and-disease-database/?showdisease=724

Collins, J.F. 2017. Chapter 7 - Copper: Basic Physiological and Nutritional Aspects. In J.F. Collins, ed. Molecular, Genetic, and Nutritional Aspects of Major and Trace Minerals, pp. 69–83. Boston, Academic Press. (also available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128021682000075).

Colon, B. & Toor, G.S. 2016. Chapter Three - A Review of Uptake and Translocation of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products by Food Crops Irrigated with Treated Wastewater. In D.L. Sparks, ed. Advances in Agronomy, pp. 75–100. Academic Press. (also available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065211316300815).

Committee on the Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities-Phase I, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Division on Earth and Life Studies, & National Research Council. 2012. Radiation Dose Assessment. National Academies Press (US). (also available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK201992/).

Cortes, J., Peralta, J. & Díaz‐Navarro, R. 2018. Acute respiratory syndrome following accidental inhalation of mercury vapor. Clinical Case Reports, 6(8): 1535–1537. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.1656

Corzo Remigio, A., Chaney, R.L., Baker, A.J.M., Edraki, M., Erskine, P.D., Echevarria, G. & van der Ent, A. 2020. Phytoextraction of high value elements and contaminants from mining and mineral wastes: opportunities and limitations. Plant and Soil, 449(1): 11–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04487-3

Cosme, N., Mayorga, E. & Hauschild, M.Z. 2018. Spatially explicit fate factors of waterborne nitrogen emissions at the global scale. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 23(6): 1286–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-017-1349-0

Cotrufo, M.F., De Santo, A.V., Alfani, A., Bartoli, G. & De Cristofaro, A. 1995. Effects of urban heavy metal pollution on organic matter decomposition in Quercus ilex L. Woods. Environmental Pollution, 89(1): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)00041-B

Cuevas, N., Martins, M. & Costa, P.M. 2018. Risk assessment of pesticides in estuaries: a review addressing the persistence of an old problem in complex environments. Ecotoxicology, 27(7): 1008–1018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-018-1910-z

Cuvillier-Hot, V., Salin, K., Devers, S., Tasiemski, A., Schaffner, P., Boulay, R., Billiard, S. & Lenoir, A. 2014. Impact of ecological doses of the most widespread phthalate on a terrestrial species, the ant Lasius niger. Environmental Research, 131: 104–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.016

Cycoń, M., Mrozik, A. & Piotrowska-Seget, Z. 2019. Antibiotics in the Soil Environment—Degradation and Their Impact on Microbial Activity and Diversity. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00338

Dahal, B.M., Fuerhacker, M., Mentler, A., Karki, K.B., Shrestha, R.R. & Blum, W.E.H. 2008. Arsenic contamination of soils and agricultural plants through irrigation water in Nepal. Environmental Pollution, 155(1): 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.10.024

Daily, G.C. 1997. Nature’s services. Island Press, Washington, DC.

Daily, G.C., Matson, P.A. & Vitousek, P.M. 1997. Ecosystem services supplied by soil. Nature Services: societal dependence on natural ecosystems: 113–132.

Dang, T.D., Mahanty, S. & Mackay, S. 2013. “Living with pollution”: Juggling Environmental and Social Risk in Vietnam’s Craft Villages. Critical Asian Studies, 45(4): 643–669. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2013.851163

Danh, L.T., Truong, P., Mammucari, R. & Foster, N. 2014. A Critical Review of the Arsenic Uptake Mechanisms and Phytoremediation Potential of Pteris vittata. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 16(5): 429–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2013.798613

Danial, Z., Kalantar Motamedi, M.H., Koshmohabat, H., Mirhashemi, S., Danial, N. & Zamanian, H. 2016. Pesticide-Contaminated Food a Serious Health Hazard in World. ARC Journal of Public Health and Community Medicine, 1(3): 19–20. https://doi.org/10.20431/2456-0596.0103003

Darmendrail, D., Cerdan, O., Gobin, A., Bouzit, M., Blanchard, F. & Siegele, B. 2004. Assessing the Economic Impacts of Soil Degradation

Dazy, M., Béraud, E., Cotelle, S., Grévilliot, F., Férard, J.-F. & Masfaraud, J.-F. 2009. Changes in plant communities along soil pollution gradients: Responses of leaf antioxidant enzyme activities and phytochelatin contents. Chemosphere, 77(3): 376–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.021

De Lange, H.J., Lahr, J., der Pol, J.J.C.V., Wessels, Y. & Faber, J.H. 2009. Ecological vulnerability in wildlife: An expert judgment and multicriteria analysis tool using ecological traits to assess relative impact of pollutants. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28(10): 2233. https://doi.org/10.1897/08-626.1

Death, C.E., Griffiths, S.R. & Story, P.G. 2019. Terrestrial vertebrate toxicology in Australia: An overview of wildlife research. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 11: 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2019.07.001

Deng, Y., Zhang, Y., Lemos, B. & Ren, H. 2017. Tissue accumulation of microplastics in mice and biomarker responses suggest widespread health risks of exposure. Scientific Reports, 7(1): 46687. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46687

DeWitt, J.C., ed. 2015. Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. Molecular and Integrative Toxicology. Cham, Springer International Publishing. (also available at http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0).

Di Bona, K.R., Love, S., Rhodes, N.R., McAdory, D., Sinha, S.H., Kern, N., Kent, J., Strickland, J., Wilson, A., Beaird, J., Ramage, J., Rasco, J.F. & Vincent, J.B. 2011. Chromium is not an essential trace element for mammals: effects of a “low-chromium” diet. JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 16(3): 381–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-010-0734-y

Dias, D., Torres, R.T., Kronvall, G., Fonseca, C., Mendo, S. & Caetano, T. 2015. Assessment of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolates and screening of Salmonella spp. in wild ungulates from Portugal. Research in Microbiology, 166(7): 584–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2015.03.006

Domene, X., Ramírez, W., Solà, L., Alcañiz, J.M. & Andrés, P. 2009. Soil pollution by nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates and their effects to plants and invertebrates. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 9(6): 555–567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-009-0117-6

Donkor, A., Osei-Fosu, P., Dubey, B., Kingsford-Adaboh, R., Ziwu, C. & Asante, I. 2016. Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in Ghana: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(19): 18966–18987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7317-6

Doran, J.W. 2002. Soil health and global sustainability: translating science into practice. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 88(2): 119–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00246-8

Drwal, E., Rak, A. & Gregoraszczuk, E.L. 2019. Review: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)—Action on placental function and health risks in future life of newborns. Toxicology, 411: 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2018.10.003

Dubrovskaya, E.V., Polikarpova, I.O., Muratova, A. Yu., Pozdnyakova, N.N., Chernyshova, M.P. & Turkovskaya, O.V. 2014. Changes in physiological, biochemical, and growth parameters of sorghum in the presence of phenanthrene. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 61(4): 529–536. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443714040074

Dutov, O.I. & Yermolayev, M.M. 2013. Radioecological aspects of the use of soils, contaminated with radionuclides. Bulleting of Agrarian Science(2): 51–54.

Ebele, A.J., Abou-Elwafa Abdallah, M. & Harrad, S. 2017. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment. Emerging Contaminants, 3(1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2016.12.004

Ebling, F.J.G. & Montagna, W. 2013. Human skin | anatomy. In: Encyclopedia Britannica [online]. [Cited 2 October 2020]. https://www.britannica.com/science/human-skin

EC. 2006. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. [Cited 8 May 2020]. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32006R1881

EC. 2016. Maximum Residue Levels. In: Food Safety - European Commission [online]. [Cited 5 August 2020]. https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/max_residue_levels_en

ECB-JRC. 2003. European Union Risk Assessment Report: 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene., p. 204. No. EUR 20540 EN. European Chemical Bureau - Joint Research Centre. (also available at https://echa.europa.eu/documents/%2010162/44180838-c246-4d42-9732-45e2af411e52).

ECB-JRC. 2006. European Union Risk Assessment Report: phenol., p. 240. No. EUR 22522 EN/1. European Chemical Bureau - Joint Research Centre. (also available at https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/1ca68f98-878f-4ef6-914a-9f21e9ad2234).

EEA. 2014. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions., p. 22. Copenhagen, Denmark, European Environment Agency. (also available at https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/eea-32-sulphur-dioxide-so2-emissions-1/assessment-3).

EFSA. 2010. Results of the monitoring of non dioxin-like PCBs in food and feed. EFSA Journal, 8(7): 1701. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1701

EFSA. 2015. Dietary Reference Values for copper. In: European Food Safety Authority [online]. [Cited 19 October 2020]. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/4253

EFSA. 2019. FAQ: phthalates in plastic food contact materials. In: European Food Safety Authority [online]. [Cited 9 October 2020]. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/news/faq-phthalates-plastic-food-contact-materials

EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies. 2014. Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for chromium. EFSA Journal, 12(10): 3845. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3845

EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, E., Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF). 2015. Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs. EFSA Journal, 13(1): 3978. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.3978

Egendorf, S.P., Gailey, A.D., Schachter, A.E. & Mielke, H.W. 2020. Soil toxicants that potentially affect children’s health. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 50(1): 100741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2019.100741

Ehhalt, D., Prather, M., Dentener, F., Derwent, R., Dlugokencky, E., Holland, E., Isaksen, I., Katima, J., Kirchhoff, V., Matson, P., Midgley, P., Wang, M., Berntsen, T., Bey, I., Brasseur, G., Buja, L., Collins, W.J., Daniel, J., DeMore, W.B., Derek, N., Dickerson, R., Etheridge, D., Feichter, J., Fraser, P., Friedl, R., Fuglestvedt, J., Gauss, M., Grenfell, L., Grübler, A., Harris, N., Hauglustaine, D., Horowitz, L., Jackman, C., Jacob, D., Jaeglé, L., Jain, A., Kanakidou, M., Karlsdottir, S., Ko, M., Kurylo, M., Lawrence, M., Logan, J.A., Manning, M., Mauzerall, D., McConnell, J., Mickley, L., Montzka, S., Müller, J.F., Olivier, J., Pickering, K., Pitari, G., Roelofs, G.J., Rogers, H., Rognerud, B., Smith, S., Solomon, S., Staehelin, J., Steele, P., Stevenson, D., Sundet, J., Thompson, A., van Weele, M., Joos, F. & McFarland, M. 2001. Chapter 4. Atmospheric Chemistry and Greenhouse Gases. TAR Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, p. 50. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (also available at https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/TAR-04.pdf).

Ekumankama, C. 2015. Effect of heavy metal co-contamination on the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urban soil with high organic carbon content. Northumbria University. (doctoral). (also available at http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/30323/).

Elizalde-Velázquez, G.A. & Gómez-Oliván, L.M. 2020. Occurrence, toxic effects and removal of metformin in the aquatic environments in the world: Recent trends and perspectives. Science of The Total Environment, 702: 134924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134924

Elrys, A.S., Raza, S., Abdo, A.I., Liu, Z., Chen, Z. & Zhou, J. 2019. Budgeting nitrogen flows and the food nitrogen footprint of Egypt during the past half century: Challenges and opportunities. Environment International, 130: 104895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.06.005

Encyclopedia Britannica. 2020. The nitrogen cycle. Definition & Steps. In: Encyclopedia Britannica [online]. [Cited 1 April 2020]. https://www.britannica.com/science/nitrogen-cycle

Environment Agency of Great Britain, ed. 2008. Updated technical background to the CLEA model: using science to create a better place. Bristol, Environment Agency of Great Britain. 155 pp.

Erem, S. & Razzaque, M.S. 2018. Dietary phosphate toxicity: an emerging global health concern. Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 150(6): 711–719. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-018-1711-8

Eskenazi, B., Warner, M., Brambilla, P., Signorini, S., Ames, J. & Mocarelli, P. 2018. The Seveso accident: A look at 40 years of health research and beyond. Environment International, 121: 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.051

Espín, S., García-Fernández, A.J., Herzke, D., Shore, R.F., van Hattum, B., Martínez-López, E., Coeurdassier, M., Eulaers, I., Fritsch, C., Gómez-Ramírez, P., Jaspers, V.L.B., Krone, O., Duke, G., Helander, B., Mateo, R., Movalli, P., Sonne, C. & van den Brink, N.W. 2016. Tracking pan-continental trends in environmental contamination using sentinel raptors—what types of samples should we use? Ecotoxicology, 25(4): 777–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-016-1636-8

Eswaran, H., Van Den Berg, E. & Reich, P. 1993. Organic Carbon in Soils of the World. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 57(1): 192–194. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700010034x

Eunomia. 2016. Plastics in the Marine Environment., p. 13. United Kingdom, Eunomia Research & Consulting. (also available at https://www.eunomia.co.uk/reports-tools/plastics-in-the-marine-environment/).

Evangeliou, N., Balkanski, Y., Cozic, A., Hao, W.M. & Møller, A.P. 2014. Wildfires in Chernobyl-contaminated forests and risks to the population and the environment: A new nuclear disaster about to happen? Environment International, 73: 346–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.08.012

Evangeliou, N., Zibtsev, S., Myroniuk, V., Zhurba, M., Hamburger, T., Stohl, A., Balkanski, Y., Paugam, R., Mousseau, T.A., Møller, A.P. & Kireev, S.I. 2016. Resuspension and atmospheric transport of radionuclides due to wildfires near the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 2015: An impact assessment. Scientific Reports, 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26062

Faa, A., Gerosa, C., Fanni, D., Floris, G., Eyken, P.V., Lachowicz, J.I. & Nurchi, V.M. 2018. Depleted Uranium and Human Health. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 25(1): 49–64. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170426102343

Fabian, C.L., Teubl, S. & Binder, C.R. 2014. Evaluation of models for dermal exposure assessment in farming systems in developing countries. journal of Environmental Engineering and Ecological Science, 3(1): 1. https://doi.org/10.7243/2050-1323-3-1

Fan, A.M. & Steinberg, V.E. 1996. Health Implications of Nitrate and Nitrite in Drinking Water: An Update on Methemoglobinemia Occurrence and Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 23(1): 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1996.0006

Fang, H., Han, L., Cui, Y., Xue, Y., Cai, L. & Yu, Y. 2016. Changes in soil microbial community structure and function associated with degradation and resistance of carbendazim and chlortetracycline during repeated treatments. Science of The Total Environment, 572: 1203–1212.

FAO. 2015a. Key messages of the International Year of Soils 2015. In: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [online]. [Cited 6 January 2020]. http://www.fao.org/soils-2015/about/key-messages/en/

FAO. 2015b. Healthy soils are the basis for healthy food production. In: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [online]. [Cited 31 August 2020]. http://www.fao.org/soils-2015/news/news-detail/en/c/277682/

FAO. 2015c. Soil functions. Paper presented at International Year of Soils, 2015, Rome, Italy. [Cited 2 April 2021]. http://www.fao.org/resources/infographics/infographics-details/en/c/284478/

FAO. 2019. Soil erosion: the greatest challenge for sustainable soil management. Rome, Italy, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 100 pp. (also available at http://www.fao.org/3/ca4395en/ca4395en.pdf).

FAO & ITPS. 2015. Status of the world’s soil resources: main report. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

FAO & ITPS. 2017. Global assessment of the impact of plant protection products on soil functions and soil ecosystems., p. 40. Rome, Italy, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (also available at http://www.fao.org/3/i8168en/I8168EN.pdf).

FAO, ITPS, GSBI, CBD & EC. 2020. State of knowledge of soil biodiversity - Status, challenges and potentialities. Rome, Italy, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 616 pp. (also available at http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb1928en).

FAO & IWMI. 2018. More people, more food, worse water? a global review of water pollution from agriculture., p. 224. Rome, Italy, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). (also available at http://www.fao.org/3/ca0146en/CA0146EN.pdf).

FAO & WHO. 2010. Toxicological and Health Aspects of Bisphenol A. Joint FAO/WHO expert meeting to review toxicological and health aspects of bisphenol A: final report., p. 60. Ottawa, Canada, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization. (also available at https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44624/97892141564274_eng.pdf?sequence=1).

FAO & WHO. 2020. Members of the Commission of the Codex Alimentarius. In: CODEX ALIMENTARIUS [online]. [Cited 9 June 2020]. http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/about-codex/members/en/

FAOSTAT. 2019. Annual population [online]. [Cited 14 January 2020]. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/OA/visualize

FAOSTAT. 2020. Fertilizers use by nutrients. In: Statistical Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [online]. [Cited 2 June 2020]. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RFN

Felis, E., Kalka, J., Sochacki, A., Kowalska, K., Bajkacz, S., Harnisz, M. & Korzeniewska, E. 2020. Antimicrobial pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment - occurrence and environmental implications. European Journal of Pharmacology, 866: 172813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172813

Ferguson, A.C., Bursac, Z., Biddle, D., Coleman, S. & Johnson, W. 2008. Soil-skin adherence from carpet: Use of a mechanical chamber to control contact parameters. Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, 43(12): 1451–1458. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934520802232253

Fernandes, A.M., Soratto, R.P., Souza, E. de F.C. de, Job, A.L.G., Fernandes, A.M., Soratto, R.P., Souza, E. de F.C. de & Job, A.L.G. 2017. Nutrient Uptake and Removal by Potato Cultivars as Affected by Phosphate Fertilization of Soils with Different Levels of Phosphorus Availability. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 41. https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20160288

Ferreira, P.A.A., Lourenzi, C.R., Tiecher, T., Tiecher, T.L., Ricachenevsky, F.K., Brunetto, G., Giachini, A.J. & Soares, C.R.F.S. 2018. Physiological, Biochemical Changes, and Phytotoxicity Remediation in Agricultural Plant Species Cultivated in Soils Contaminated with Copper and Zinc. In M. Hasanuzzaman, K. Nahar & M. Fujita, eds. Plants Under Metal and Metalloid Stress: Responses, Tolerance and Remediation, pp. 29–76. Singapore, Springer. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2242-6_2).

Fester, T., Giebler, J., Wick, L.Y., Schlosser, D. & Kästner, M. 2014. Plant–microbe interactions as drivers of ecosystem functions relevant for the biodegradation of organic contaminants. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 27: 168–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2014.01.017

Fiera, C. 2009. Biodiversity of Collembola in urban soils and their use as bioindicators for pollution. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 44(8): 868–873. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2009000800010

Filipek, T. 1994. Natural and anthropogenic causes and effects of soil acidification. Zeszity Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych. pp. 1–7. Paper presented at Natural and Anthropogenic Causes and Effects of Soil Acidification, 1994, Lublin. (also available at http://agro.icm.edu.pl/agro/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-5b171da8-c7fc-4f24-befa-1bee3f7ecfc2/c/1-7.pdf).

Filippelli, G., Anenberg, S., Taylor, M., Geen, A. van & Khreis, H. 2020. New Approaches to Identifying and Reducing the Global Burden of Disease From Pollution. GeoHealth, 4(4): e2018GH000167. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GH000167

Filzek, P.D.B., Spurgeon, D.J., Broll, G., Svendsen, C., Hankard, P.K., Parekh, N., Stubberud, H.E. & Weeks, J.M. 2004. Metal Effects on Soil Invertebrate Feeding: Measurements Using the Bait Lamina Method. Ecotoxicology, 13(8): 807–816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-003-4478-0

Fischer, D., Hooper, K., Athanasiadou, M., Athanassiadis, I. & Bergman, Å. 2006. Children Show Highest Levels of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in a California Family of Four: A Case Study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(10): 1581–1584. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8554

Fischer Walker, C.L., Ezzati, M. & Black, R.E. 2009. Global and regional child mortality and burden of disease attributable to zinc deficiency. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63(5): 591–597. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2008.9

Fisher, B. & Kerry Turner, R. 2008. Ecosystem services: Classification for valuation. Biological Conservation, 141(5): 1167–1169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.02.019

Fisher, M., MacPherson, S., Braun, J.M., Hauser, R., Walker, M., Feeley, M., Mallick, R., Bérubé, R. & Arbuckle, T.E. 2017. Paraben Concentrations in Maternal Urine and Breast Milk and Its Association with Personal Care Product Use. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(7): 4009–4017. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04302

Flacke, J., Schüle, S.A., Köckler, H. & Bolte, G. 2016. Mapping Environmental Inequalities Relevant for Health for Informing Urban Planning Interventions—A Case Study in the City of Dortmund, Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(7): 711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13070711

Forastiere, F., Badaloni, C., de Hoogh, K., von Kraus, M.K., Martuzzi, M., Mitis, F., Palkovicova, L., Porta, D., Preiss, P., Ranzi, A., Perucci, C.A. & Briggs, D. 2011. Health impact assessment of waste management facilities in three European countries. Environmental Health, 10(1): 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-10-53

Forster, N.A., Tighe, M.K. & Wilson, S.C. 2020. Microplastics in soils of wilderness areas: What is the significance of outdoor clothing and footwear? Geoderma, 378: 114612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114612

Forti, V., Baldé, C.P., Kuehr, R. & Bel, G. 2020. The Global E-waste Monitor 2020: Quantities, flows and the circular economy potential. Bonn/Geneva/Rotterdam, United Nations University (UNU)/United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) – co-hosted SCYCLE Programme, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) & International Solid Waste Association (ISWA),. 120 pp.

Frank, A.L. & Joshi, T.K. 2014. The Global Spread of Asbestos. Annals of Global Health, 80(4): 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2014.09.016

Frasch, H.F., Dotson, G.S., Bunge, A.L., Chen, C.-P., Cherrie, J.W., Kasting, G.B., Kissel, J.C., Sahmel, J., Semple, S. & Wilkinson, S. 2014. Analysis of finite dose dermal absorption data: Implications for dermal exposure assessment. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 24(1): 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2013.23

Frazzoli, C., Pouokam, G.B., Mantovani, A. & Orisakwe, O.E. 2016. Health risks from lost awareness of cultural behaviours rooted in traditional medicine: An insight in geophagy and mineral intake. Science of The Total Environment, 566–567: 1465–1471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.028

Freedman, B., Zobens, V., Hutchinson, T.C. & Gizyn, W.I. 1990. Intense, Natural Pollution Affects Arctic Tundra Vegetation at the Smoking Hills, Canada. Ecology, 71(2): 492–503. https://doi.org/10.2307/1940303

Freitas, A.C., Rodrigues, D., Rocha-Santos, T.A.P., Gonçalves, F., Duarte, A.C. & Pereira, R. 2014. The Impact of Uranium Mine Contamination of Soils on Plant Litter Decomposition. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 67(4): 601–616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-014-0035-5

French, A.S., Shaw, D., Gibb, S.W. & Taggart, M.A. 2017. Geochemical landscapes as drivers of trace and toxic element profiles in wild red deer (Cervus elaphus). Science of The Total Environment, 601–602: 1606–1618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.210

Fréry, N., Santonen, T., Porras, S.P., Fucic, A., Leso, V., Bousoumah, R., Duca, R.C., El Yamani, M., Kolossa-Gehring, M., Ndaw, S., Viegas, S. & Iavicoli, I. 2020. Biomonitoring of occupational exposure to phthalates: A systematic review. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 229: 113548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113548

Fry, K.L., Wheeler, C.A., Gillings, M.M., Flegal, A.R. & Taylor, M.P. 2020. Anthropogenic contamination of residential environments from smelter As, Cu and Pb emissions: Implications for human health. Environmental Pollution, 262: 114235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114235

Galbraith, D., Gross, S.A. & Paustenbach, D. 2010. Benzene and human health: A historical review and appraisal of associations with various diseases. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 40(sup2): 1–46. https://doi.org/10.3109/10408444.2010.508162

Gall, J.E., Boyd, R.S. & Rajakaruna, N. 2015. Transfer of heavy metals through terrestrial food webs: a review. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(4): 201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4436-3

Ganguly, P., Breen, A. & Pillai, S.C. 2018. Toxicity of Nanomaterials: Exposure, Pathways, Assessment, and Recent Advances. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 4(7): 2237–2275. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00068

Gao, Y., Li, Q., Ling, W. & Zhu, X. 2011. Arbuscular mycorrhizal phytoremediation of soils contaminated with phenanthrene and pyrene. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185(2–3): 703–709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.076

Garcês, A., Pires, I. & Rodrigues, P. 2020. Teratological effects of pesticides in vertebrates: a review. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 55(1): 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1660562

Garcia, L.C., Ribeiro, D.B., Roque, F. de O., Ochoa‐Quintero, J.M. & Laurance, W.F. 2017. Brazil’s worst mining disaster: Corporations must be compelled to pay the actual environmental costs. Ecological Applications, 27(1): 5–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1461

Garzillo, C., Pugliese, M., Loffredo, F. & Quarto, M. 2017. Indoor radon exposure and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Translational Cancer Research, 6(S5): S934–S943. https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr.2017.05.42

Gaskin Janet, Coyle Doug, Whyte Jeff, & Krewksi Daniel. 2018. Global Estimate of Lung Cancer Mortality Attributable to Residential Radon. Environmental Health Perspectives, 126(5): 057009. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2503

Gaspari, L., Chang, S.-S., Santella, R.M., Garte, S., Pedotti, P. & Taioli, E. 2003. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in human sperm as a marker of DNA damage and infertility. Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 535(2): 155–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00297-8

Ge, J., Cui, K., Yan, H., Li, Y., Chai, Y., Liu, X., Cheng, J. & Yu, X. 2017. Uptake and translocation of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and difenoconazole in rice plants. Environmental Pollution, 226: 479–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.043

Genchi, G., Sinicropi, M.S., Carocci, A., Lauria, G. & Catalano, A. 2017. Mercury Exposure and Heart Diseases. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(1): 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14010074

Genetic Alliance & District of Columbia Department of Health. 2010. Understanding genetics. A guide for patients and health professionals. Washington (DC), Genetic Alliance; District of Columbia Department of Health. 102 pp. (also available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK132140/).

George, C.M., Oldja, L., Biswas, S., Perin, J., Lee, G.O., Kosek, M., Sack, R.B., Ahmed, S., Haque, R., Parvin, T., Azmi, I.J., Bhuyian, S.I., Talukder, K.A., Mohammad, S. & Faruque, A.G. 2015. Geophagy is Associated with Environmental Enteropathy and Stunting in Children in Rural Bangladesh. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92(6): 1117–1124. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.14-0672

Gibbons, D., Morrissey, C. & Mineau, P. 2015. A review of the direct and indirect effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on vertebrate wildlife. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(1): 103–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3180-5

Gibson, E.A., Siegel, E.L., Eniola, F., Herbstman, J.B. & Factor-Litvak, P. 2018. Effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Child Cognitive, Behavioral, and Motor Development. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(8): 1636. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081636

Gilbert, S.G. & Weiss, B. 2006. A rationale for lowering the blood lead action level from 10 to 2μg/dL. NeuroToxicology, 27(5): 693–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2006.06.008

Gillespie, W.E., Czapar, G.F. & Hager, A.G. 2011. Pesticide Fate in the Environment: A Guide for Field Insperctors., p. 22. No. 2011–07. Champaign, Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. (also available at https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/10206112.pdf).

Gillet, S. & Ponge, J.F. 2002. Humus forms and metal pollution in soil. European Journal of Soil Science, 53(4): 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2002.00479.x

Gillispie, E.C., Sowers, T.D., Duckworth, O.W. & Polizzotto, M.L. 2015. Soil Pollution Due to Irrigation with Arsenic-Contaminated Groundwater: Current State of Science. Current Pollution Reports, 1(1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-015-0001-5

Girones, L., Oliva, A.L., Marcovecchio, J.E. & Arias, A.H. 2020. Spatial Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Residual Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) in South American Marine Environments. Current Environmental Health Reports, 7(2): 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-020-00272-7

Godfray, H.C.J., Stephens, A.E.A., Jepson, P.D., Jobling, S., Johnson, A.C., Matthiessen, P., Sumpter, J.P., Tyler, C.R. & McLean, A.R. 2019. A restatement of the natural science evidence base on the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on wildlife. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 286(1897). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2416

Goix, S., Mombo, S., Schreck, E., Pierart, A., Lévêque, T., Deola, F. & Dumat, C. 2015. Field isotopic study of lead fate and compartmentalization in earthworm–soil–metal particle systems for highly polluted soil near Pb recycling factory. Chemosphere, 138: 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.010

Golden, N.H. & Rattner, B.A. 2003. Ranking Terrestrial Vertebrate Species for Utility in Biomonitoring and Vulnerability to Environmental Contaminants. In G.W. Ware, ed. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, pp. 67–136. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. New York, NY, Springer New York. (also available at http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4899-7283-5_2).

Gomes, A.R., Justino, C., Rocha-Santos, T., Freitas, A.C., Duarte, A.C. & Pereira, R. 2017. Review of the ecotoxicological effects of emerging contaminants to soil biota. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 52(10): 992–1007. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2017.1328946

Gómez-Ramírez, P., Shore, R.F., van den Brink, N.W., van Hattum, B., Bustnes, J.O., Duke, G., Fritsch, C., García-Fernández, A.J., Helander, B.O., Jaspers, V., Krone, O., Martínez-López, E., Mateo, R., Movalli, P. & Sonne, C. 2014. An overview of existing raptor contaminant monitoring activities in Europe. Environment International, 67: 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.02.004

Gómez-Sagasti, M.T., Alkorta, I., Becerril, J.M., Epelde, L., Anza, M. & Garbisu, C. 2012. Microbial Monitoring of the Recovery of Soil Quality During Heavy Metal Phytoremediation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 223(6): 3249–3262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1106-8

Gonzalez-Cortes, T., Recio-Vega, R., Lantz, R.C. & Chau, B.T. 2017. DNA methylation of extracellular matrix remodeling genes in children exposed to arsenic. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 329: 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2017.06.001

Gorecki, S., Nesslany, F., Hubé, D., Mullot, J.-U., Vasseur, P., Marchioni, E., Camel, V., Noël, L., Le Bizec, B., Guérin, T., Feidt, C., Archer, X., Mahe, A. & Rivière, G. 2017. Human health risks related to the consumption of foodstuffs of plant and animal origin produced on a site polluted by chemical munitions of the First World War. Science of The Total Environment, 599–600: 314–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.213

Gothwal, R. & Shashidhar, T. 2015. Antibiotic Pollution in the Environment: A Review. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water, 43(4): 479–489. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201300989

Goudarzi, H., Nakajima, S., Ikeno, T., Sasaki, S., Kobayashi, S., Miyashita, C., Ito, S., Araki, A., Nakazawa, H. & Kishi, R. 2016. Prenatal exposure to perfluorinated chemicals and neurodevelopment in early infancy: The Hokkaido Study. Science of The Total Environment, 541: 1002–1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.017

Graefe, U. & Beylich, A. 2003. Critical values of soil acidification for annelid species and the decomposer community. Newsletter on Enchytraeidae, 8: 51–55. (also available at https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ulfert_Graefe/publication/260969623_Critical_values_of_soil_acidification_for_annelid_species_and_the_decomposer_community/links/0c960532c4891c3399000000/Critical-values-of-soil-acidification-for-annelid-species-and-the-decomposer-community.pdf).

Graff Zivin, J. & Neidell, M. 2012. The Impact of Pollution on Worker Productivity. American Economic Review, 102(7): 3652–3673. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.7.3652

Gramss, G. & Voigt, K.-D. 2014. Forage and rangeland plants from uranium mine soils: long-term hazard to herbivores and livestock? Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 36(3): 441–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-013-9572-5

Grandjean, P. & Landrigan, P. 2006. Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals. The Lancet, 368(9553): 2167–2178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69665-7

Grenni, P., Ancona, V. & Barra Caracciolo, A. 2018. Ecological effects of antibiotics on natural ecosystems: A review. Microchemical Journal, 136: 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2017.02.006

Groot, R.S. de. 1992. Functions of nature: evaluation of nature in environmental planning, management and decision making. Groningen, Wolters-Noordhoff. 315 pp.

Gue, L. 2015. Revisiting Canada’s Radon Guideline., p. 24. Vancouver, Canada, David Suzuki Foundation. (also available at https://davidsuzuki.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/revisiting-canada-radon-guideline.pdf).

Guillén Gerada, F.J. 2016. Chapter 10. Exposure of radionuclides in foods - major challenges. Food Toxicology, pp. 201–217. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press.

Guillette, L.J. & Edwards, T.M. 2005. Is Nitrate an Ecologically Relevant Endocrine Disruptor in Vertebrates? Integrative and Comparative Biology, 45(1): 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/45.1.19

Gundacker, C., Kutalek, R., Glaunach, R., Deweis, C., Hengstschläger, M. & Prinz, A. 2017. Geophagy during pregnancy: Is there a health risk for infants? Environmental Research, 156: 145–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.028

Gunderson, A.R., Armstrong, E.J. & Stillman, J.H. 2016. Multiple Stressors in a Changing World: The Need for an Improved Perspective on Physiological Responses to the Dynamic Marine Environment. Annual Review of Marine Science, 8(1): 357–378. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-033953

Guo, Z., Xie, H.Q., Zhang, P., Luo, Y., Xu, T., Liu, Y., Fu, H., Xu, L., Valsami-Jones, E., Boksa, P. & Zhao, B. 2018. Dioxins as potential risk factors for autism spectrum disorder. Environment International, 121: 906–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.028

Gupta, N., Yadav, K.K., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., Chadd, R.P. & Kumar, A. 2019a. Trace elements in soil-vegetables interface: Translocation, bioaccumulation, toxicity and amelioration - A review. Science of The Total Environment, 651: 2927–2942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.047

Gupta, N., Yadav, K.K., Kumar, V., Kumar, S., Chadd, R.P. & Kumar, A. 2019b. Trace elements in soil-vegetables interface: Translocation, bioaccumulation, toxicity and amelioration - A review. Science of The Total Environment, 651: 2927–2942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.047

Gupta, P.K. 2016. Chapter 13 - Genotoxicity. In P.K. Gupta, ed. Fundamentals of Toxicology, pp. 151–164. Academic Press. (also available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128054260000135).

Guzman-Rangel, G., Montalvo, D. & Smolders, E. 2018. Pronounced Antagonism of Zinc and Arsenate on Toxicity to Barley Root Elongation in Soil. Environments, 5(7): 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments5070083

Gwenzi, W. 2020. Occurrence, behaviour, and human exposure pathways and health risks of toxic geogenic contaminants in serpentinitic ultramafic geological environments (SUGEs): A medical geology perspective. Science of The Total Environment, 700: 134622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134622

Gworek, B., Kijeńska, M., Zaborowska, M., Wrzosek, J., Tokarz, L. & Chmielewski, J. 2019. Pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment. Fate and behaviour, ecotoxicology and risk assessment – A review. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research, 76(3): 397–407. https://doi.org/10.32383/appdr/103368

Gwynn, J.P., Nalbandyan, A. & Rudolfsen, G. 2013. 210Po, 210Pb, 40K and 137Cs in edible wild berries and mushrooms and ingestion doses to man from high consumption rates of these wild foods. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 116: 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.08.016

Häder, D.-P., Banaszak, A.T., Villafañe, V.E., Narvarte, M.A., González, R.A. & Helbling, E.W. 2020. Anthropogenic pollution of aquatic ecosystems: Emerging problems with global implications. Science of The Total Environment, 713: 136586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136586

Haines-Young, R. & Potschin, M. 2018. Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) V5.1. Guidance on the Application of the Revised Structure., p. 53. Nottingham, UK, Fabis Consulting Ltd. (also available at https://cices.eu/).

Haller, H., Flores-Carmenate, G. & Jonsson, A. 2020. Governance for Sustainable Remediation of Polluted Soil in Developing Countries. Sustainability Concept In Developing Countries. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90744

Han, S., Bang, J., Choi, D., Hwang, J., Kim, T., Oh, Y., Hwang, Y., Choi, J. & Hong, J. 2020. Surface Pattern Analysis of Microplastics and Their Impact on Human-Derived Cells. ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2(11): 4541–4550. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c00645

Hanna, R. & Oliva, P. 2015. The effect of pollution on labor supply: Evidence from a natural experiment in Mexico City. Journal of Public Economics, 122: 68–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.10.004

Harmsen, J. 2007. Measuring bioavailability: from a scientific approach to standard methods. Journal of Environmental Quality, 36(5): 1420–1428. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0492

Harrison, R.M. & Hester, R.E. 2018. Plastics and the Environment. Royal Society of Chemistry. 208 pp.

Haskins, D.L., Gogal, R.M. & Tuberville, T.D. 2020. Snakes as Novel Biomarkers of Mercury Contamination: A Review. In P. de Voogt, ed. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 249, pp. 133–152. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Cham, Springer International Publishing. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2019_26).

Hauser, R. & Calafat, A. 2005. Phthalates and human health. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(11): 806–818. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2004.017590

Hausladen, D.M., Alexander-Ozinskas, A., McClain, C. & Fendorf, S. 2018. Hexavalent Chromium Sources and Distribution in California Groundwater. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(15): 8242–8251. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06627

Hayakawa, A., Hatakeyama, M., Asano, R., Ishikawa, Y. & Hidaka, S. 2013. Nitrate reduction coupled with pyrite oxidation in the surface sediments of a sulfide-rich ecosystem. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 118(2): 639–649. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20060

He, D., Luo, Y., Lu, S., Liu, M., Song, Y. & Lei, L. 2018. Microplastics in soils: Analytical methods, pollution characteristics and ecological risks. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 109: 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.006

He, L., Gielen, G., Bolan, N.S., Zhang, X., Qin, H., Huang, H. & Wang, H. 2015. Contamination and remediation of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in China: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35(2): 519–534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0270-1

Henderson, L., Pilgaard, B., Gleason, F.H. & Lilje, O. 2015. Copper (II) lead (II), and zinc (II) reduce growth and zoospore release in four zoosporic true fungi from soils of NSW, Australia. Fungal Biology, 119(7): 648–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.04.002

Henriques, B., Rodrigues, S.M., Coelho, C., Cruz, N., Duarte, A.C., Römkens, P.F.A.M. & Pereira, E. 2013. Risks associated with the transfer of toxic organo-metallic mercury from soils into the terrestrial feed chain. Environment International, 59: 408–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.006

Hernández, A.J. & Pastor, J. 2008. Relationship between plant biodiversity and heavy metal bioavailability in grasslands overlying an abandoned mine. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 30(2): 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-008-9150-4

Heydari, A. 2020. Resistance of environmental bacteria to heavy metals and antibiotics in selected New Zealand soils : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Health Sciences at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand. Massey University. (Thesis). (also available at https://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/15831).

Hilton, F.G. 2006. Poverty and pollution abatement: Evidence from lead phase-out. Ecological Economics, 56(1): 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.01.020

Holcomb, D.A., Knee, J., Sumner, T., Adriano, Z., de Bruijn, E., Nalá, R., Cumming, O., Brown, J. & Stewart, J.R. 2020. Human fecal contamination of water, soil, and surfaces in households sharing poor-quality sanitation facilities in Maputo, Mozambique. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 226: 113496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113496

Hon, Z., Österreicher, J. & Navrátil, L. 2015. Depleted Uranium and Its Effects on Humans. Sustainability, 7(4): 4063–4077. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7044063

Honda, M. & Kannan, K. 2018. Biomonitoring of chlorophenols in human urine from several Asian countries, Greece and the United States. Environmental Pollution, 232: 487–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.073

Hong, S.-H., Shin, D.-C., Lee, Y.-J., Kim, S.-H. & Lim, Y.-W. 2017. Health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in urban areas. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 23(6): 1454–1465. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2017.1325714

Hruba, H., Abdelsalam, E.E.E., Anisimov, N., Bandouchova, H., Havelkova, B., Heger, T., Kanova, M., Kovacova, V., Nemcova, M., Piacek, V., Sedlackova, J., Vitula, F. & Pikula, J. 2019. Reproductive toxicity of fluoroquinolones in birds. BMC Veterinary Research, 15(1): 209. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1957-y

Hu, D. & Hornbuckle, K.C. 2010. Inadvertent Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Commercial Paint Pigments. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(8): 2822–2827. https://doi.org/10.1021/es902413k

Hu, H.-W., Wang, J.-T., Li, J., Shi, X.-Z., Ma, Y.-B., Chen, D. & He, J.-Z. 2017. Long-Term Nickel Contamination Increases the Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Agricultural Soils. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(2): 790–800. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03383

Huang, M., Wang, W., Chan, C.Y., Cheung, K.C., Man, Y.B., Wang, X. & Wong, M.H. 2014. Contamination and risk assessment (based on bioaccessibility via ingestion and inhalation) of metal(loid)s in outdoor and indoor particles from urban centers of Guangzhou, China. Science of The Total Environment, 479–480: 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.115

Huebl, L., Leick, S., Guettl, L., Akello, G. & Kutalek, R. 2016. Geophagy in Northern Uganda: Perspectives from Consumers and Clinicians. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 95(6): 1440–1449. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0579

Huerta Lwanga, E., Gertsen, H., Gooren, H., Peters, P., Salánki, T., van der Ploeg, M., Besseling, E., Koelmans, A.A. & Geissen, V. 2016. Microplastics in the Terrestrial Ecosystem: Implications for Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae). Environmental Science & Technology, 50(5): 2685–2691. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b05478

Huerta-Lwanga, E., Vega, J.M., Quej, V.K., de los Angeles Chi, J., del Cid, L.S., Chi, C., Segura, G.E., Gertsen, H., Salánki, T. & van der Ploeg, M. 2017. Field evidence for transfer of plastic debris along a terrestrial food chain. Scientific Reports, 7(1): 14071.

Huhmann, B.L., Harvey, C.F., Uddin, A., Choudhury, I., Ahmed, K.M., Duxbury, J.M., Bostick, B.C. & van Geen, A. 2017. Field Study of Rice Yield Diminished by Soil Arsenic in Bangladesh. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(20): 11553–11560. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01487

Huq, S.M.I., Joardar, J.C., Parvin, S., Correll, R. & Naidu, R. 2006. Arsenic Contamination in Food-chain: Transfer of Arsenic into Food Materials through Groundwater Irrigation. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 24(3): 305–316. (also available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3013251/).

Hurley, R.R. & Nizzetto, L. 2018. Fate and occurrence of micro(nano)plastics in soils: Knowledge gaps and possible risks. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 1: 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2017.10.006

Hwang, J.-I., Zimmerman, A.R. & Kim, J.-E. 2018. Bioconcentration factor-based management of soil pesticide residues: Endosulfan uptake by carrot and potato plants. Science of The Total Environment, 627: 514–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.208

IACG. 2019. No time to wait: Securing the future from drug-resistant infections. Summary of recommendations and key messages. Ad hoc Interagency Coordination Group (IACG) on Antimicrobial Resistance. (also available at https://www.who.int/antimicrobial-resistance/interagency-coordination-group/IACG_final_summary_EN.pdf?ua=1).

IAEA, Barnett, C.L., Beresford, N.A. & Howard, B.J. 2009. Quantification of radionuclide transfer in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems for radiological assessments. No. IAEA-TECDOC-1616. Vienna, Austria, International Atomic Energy Agency. (also available at https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1616_web.pdf).

IARC. 2012. Arsenic, Metals, Fibres, and Dusts. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume 100C. (also available at http://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-Humans/Arsenic-Metals-Fibres-And-Dusts-2012).

IARC. 2014. World Cancer Report 2014. Stewart & C.P. Wild, eds. World Cancer Reports. Lyon, France, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. 632 pp. (also available at https://publications.iarc.fr/Non-Series-Publications/World-Cancer-Reports/World-Cancer-Report-2014).

IARC. 2020a. Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs, Volumes 1–125 – IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans [online]. [Cited 19 January 2020]. https://monographs.iarc.fr/agents-classified-by-the-iarc/

IARC. 2020b. IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans. In: International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization [online]. [Cited 8 October 2020]. https://monographs.iarc.fr/monographs-available/

IARC. 2020c. World Cancer Report. C.P. Wild, E. Weiderpass & B.W. Stewart, eds. World Cancer Reports. Lyon, France, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. 613 pp. (also available at https://www.iarc.fr/cards_page/world-cancer-report/).

Igbinosa, E.O., Odjadjare, E.E., Chigor, V.N., Igbinosa, I.H., Emoghene, A.O., Ekhaise, F.O., Igiehon, N.O. & Idemudia, O.G. 2013. Toxicological Profile of Chlorophenols and Their Derivatives in the Environment: The Public Health Perspective. The Scientific World Journal, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/460215

Illmer, P., Marschall, K. & Schinner, F. 1995. Influence of available aluminium on soil micro-organisms. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 21(6): 393–397. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1995.tb01090.x

ILO. 2017. Gender dimensions of employment trends and future of work: Where would women work next?, p. 38. Employment Working Paper No. 222. Geneva, Switzerland, International Labour Organization. (also available at https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_613273.pdf).

Inoue, T., Kaibara, M., Sakurai-Yamashita, Y., Kawano, M., Ishimaru, T. & Taniyama, K. 2004. Increases in Serum Nitrite and Nitrate of a Few-Fold Adversely Affect the Outcome of Pregnancy in Rats. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 95(2): 228–233. https://doi.org/10.1254/jphs.FP0040125

Inoue‐Choi, M., Jones, R.R., Anderson, K.E., Cantor, K.P., Cerhan, J.R., Krasner, S., Robien, K., Weyer, P.J. & Ward, M.H. 2015. Nitrate and nitrite ingestion and risk of ovarian cancer among postmenopausal women in Iowa. International Journal of Cancer, 137(1): 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29365

IPCC. 2014. Climate change 2014: synthesis report. Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri & L. Mayer, eds. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland, IPCC. 151 pp. (also available at https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full.pdf).

IPCS. 2002. Global assessment of the state-of-the-science of endocrine disruptors. No. WHO/PCS/EDC/02.2. International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization. 180 pp. (also available at https://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/new_issues/endocrine_disruptors/en/).

Ishiniwa, H., Okano, T., Yoshioka, A., Tamaoki, M., Yokohata, Y., Shindo, J., Azuma, N., Nakajima, N. & Onuma, M. 2019. Concentration of radioactive materials in small mammals collected from a restricted area in Fukushima, Japan since 2012. Ecological Research, 34(1): 7–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1703.1016

Islam, Md.S., Ahmed, Md.K., Habibullah-Al-Mamun, Md. & Eaton, D.W. 2017. Arsenic in the food chain and assessment of population health risks in Bangladesh. Environment Systems and Decisions, 37(3): 344–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-017-9635-8

Itoh, H., Iwasaki, M., Sawada, N., Takachi, R., Kasuga, Y., Yokoyama, S., Onuma, H., Nishimura, H., Kusama, R., Yokoyama, K. & Tsugane, S. 2014. Dietary cadmium intake and breast cancer risk in Japanese women: A case–control study. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 217(1): 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.03.010

Jacobsen, C.S. & Hjelmsø, M.H. 2014. Agricultural soils, pesticides and microbial diversity. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 27: 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.09.003

Jacquin, L., Petitjean, Q., Côte, J., Laffaille, P. & Jean, S. 2020. Effects of Pollution on Fish Behavior, Personality, and Cognition: Some Research Perspectives. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00086

Jambeck, J.R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T.R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R. & Law, K.L. 2015. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science, 347(6223): 768–771. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260352

Jayasumana, C., Fonseka, S., Fernando, A., Jayalath, K., Amarasinghe, M., Siribaddana, S., Gunatilake, S. & Paranagama, P. 2015. Phosphate fertilizer is a main source of arsenic in areas affected with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka. SpringerPlus, 4(1): 90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-0868-z

JECFA. 2002. Nitrate (and potential endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds). WHO Food Additives Series: 50. Geneva, Rome, Joint FAO/WHO Exper Committee on Food Additives. (also available at http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v50je06.htm#4.0).

JECFA. 2006a. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In: Evaluations of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) [online]. [Cited 17 December 2020]. https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/chemical.aspx?chemID=4306

JECFA. 2006b. Evaluation of certain food contaminants: sixty-fourth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives ; [Rome, 8 - 17 June 2005]. WHO technical report series No. 930. Geneva, World Health Organization. 100 pp.

JECFA. 2007a. Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants prepared by the Sixty-seventh meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) - METHYL MERCURY., p. 48. WHO Food Additives Series: 58. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organizationg. (also available at https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/chemical.aspx?chemID=3083).

JECFA. 2007b. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants: sixty-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives ; [Rome, 20 - 29 June 2006]. WHO technical report series No. 940. Geneva, World Health Organization. 94 pp.

JECFA. 2011a. Safety evaluation of certain contaminants in food prepared by the Seventy-second meeting of the Joint FAO/ WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) - Mercury., p. 81. WHO FOOD ADDITIVES SERIES: 63 No. 8. Geneva, Rome, World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (also available at https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/chemical.aspx?chemID=1806).

JECFA. 2011b. Addendum to the Monograph on Arsenic. Prepared by the Seventy-second meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Exp., p. 165. WHO Food Additives Series: 63 No. 8. Geneva, Rome, World Health Organization. (also available at https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/document.aspx?docID=8998).

JECFA. 2011c. Evaluation of certain contaminants in food: seventy-second report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committe on Food Additives. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations & World Health Organization, eds. WHO technical report series No. 959. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization. 105 pp.

JECFA. 2013. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants: Seventy-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations & World Health Organization, eds. WHO Technical Report Series No. 983. Geneva, World Health Organization. 75 pp.

JECFA & World Health Organization, eds. 2002. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants: fifty-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO technical report series No. 909. Geneva, World Health Organization. 171 pp.

JECFA & World Health Organization, eds. 2011. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants: seventy-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO technical report series No. 960. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization. 226 pp.

Jedrychowski, W.A., Perera, F.P., Camann, D., Spengler, J., Butscher, M., Mroz, E., Majewska, R., Flak, E., Jacek, R. & Sowa, A. 2015. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cognitive dysfunction in children. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(5): 3631–3639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3627-8

Jia, G., Shevliakova, E., Artaxo, P., Noblet-Ducoudré, N.D., Houghton, R., Anderegg, W., Bastos, A., Bernsten, T.K., Cai, P., Calvin, K., Klein, C.D., Humpenöder, F., Kanter, D., McDermid, S., Peñuelas, J., Pradhan, P., Quesada, B., Roe, S., Bernier, P., Espinoza, J.C., Semenov, S. & Xu, X. 2019. Chapter 2. Land–climate interactions. Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems, p. 118. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (also available at https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2019/11/05_Chapter-2.pdf).

Jiang, Q., Gao, H. & Zhang, L. 2015. Metabolic Effects PFAS. In J.C. DeWitt, ed. Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, pp. 177–201. Molecular and Integrative Toxicology. Cham, Springer International Publishing. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15518-0_7).

Jiang, X., Chen, H., Liao, Y., Ye, Z., Li, M. & Klobučar, G. 2019a. Ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics on higher plant Vicia faba. Environmental Pollution, 250: 831–838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.055

Jiang, Y., Yuan, L., Lin, Q., Ma, S. & Yu, Y. 2019b. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment and human external and internal exposure in China: A review. Science of The Total Environment, 696: 133902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133902

Johnson, J. 2011. Environmental justice. Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics, pp. 124–132. San Diego, UNITED STATES, Elsevier Science & Technology. (also available at http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bull-ebooks/detail.action?docID=858617).

Johnston, J.E. & Hricko, A. 2017. Industrial Lead Poisoning in Los Angeles: Anatomy of a Public Health Failure. Environmental Justice, 10(5): 162–167. https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2017.0019

Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. 1982. Copper. In: Evaluations of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) [online]. [Cited 19 October 2020]. https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/chemical.aspx?chemID=2824

Julian, T.R. 2016. Environmental transmission of diarrheal pathogens in low and middle income countries. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 18(8): 944–955. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EM00222F

Kabata-Pendias, A. 2010. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press. 550 pp.

Kalisinska, E., Lisowski, P. & Kosik-Bogacka, D.I. 2012. Red Fox Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758) as a Bioindicator of Mercury Contamination in Terrestrial Ecosystems of North-Western Poland. Biological Trace Element Research, 145(2): 172–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-011-9181-z

van der Kallen, C.C., Gosselin, M. & Zagury, G.J. 2020. Oral and inhalation bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s in chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-contaminated soils: Assessment of particle size influence. Science of The Total Environment, 734: 139412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139412

Kallenborn, R., Brorström-Lundén, E., Reiersen, L.-O. & Wilson, S. 2018. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Arctic environments: indicator contaminants for assessing local and remote anthropogenic sources in a pristine ecosystem in change. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(33): 33001–33013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9726-6

Kambunga, S.N., Candeias, C., Hasheela, I. & Mouri, H. 2019a. The geochemistry of geophagic material consumed in Onangama Village, Northern Namibia: a potential health hazard for pregnant women in the area. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 41(5): 1987–2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00253-2

Kambunga, S.N., Candeias, C., Hasheela, I. & Mouri, H. 2019b. Review of the nature of some geophagic materials and their potential health effects on pregnant women: some examples from Africa. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 41(6): 2949–2975. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00288-5

Kanda, R. 2019. Reproductive Impact of Environmental Chemicals on Animals. In P. Comizzoli, J.L. Brown & W.V. Holt, eds. Reproductive Sciences in Animal Conservation, pp. 41–70. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Cham, Springer International Publishing. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23633-5_3).

Kang, D., Kim, Y.-Y., Shin, M., Lee, M.-S., Bae, H.-J., Kim, S.-Y. & Kim, Y.-K. 2018. Relationships of Lower Lung Fibrosis, Pleural Disease, and Lung Mass with Occupational, Household, Neighborhood, and Slate Roof-Dense Area Residential Asbestos Exposure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081638

Kapaj, S., Peterson, H., Liber, K. & Bhattacharya, P. 2006. Human Health Effects From Chronic Arsenic Poisoning–A Review. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 41(10): 2399–2428. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934520600873571

Kaprara, E., Kazakis, N., Simeonidis, K., Coles, S., Zouboulis, A.I., Samaras, P. & Mitrakas, M. 2015. Occurrence of Cr(VI) in drinking water of Greece and relation to the geological background. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 281: 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.084

Karbalaei, S., Hanachi, P., Walker, T.R. & Cole, M. 2018. Occurrence, sources, human health impacts and mitigation of microplastic pollution. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(36): 36046–36063. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3508-7

Kasperczyk, A., Dobrakowski, M., Czuba, Z.P., Kapka-Skrzypczak, L. & Kasperczyk, S. 2015. Environmental exposure to zinc and copper influences sperm quality in fertile males. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 23(1): 138–143. https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1196869

Kasuya, M. 2000. Recent epidemiological studies on itai-itai disease as a chronic cadmium poisoning in Japan. Water Science and Technology, 42(7–8): 147–154. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0563

Kaushal, S.S., Mayer, P.M., Vidon, P.G., Smith, R.M., Pennino, M.J., Newcomer, T.A., Duan, S., Welty, C. & Belt, K.T. 2014. Land Use and Climate Variability Amplify Carbon, Nutrient, and Contaminant Pulses: A Review with Management Implications. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 50(3): 585–614. https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12204

Keeble, D. 2013. The culture of planned obsolescence in technology companies. Oulu, Finland, Oulu University of Applied Sciences. (Bachelor’s thesis). (also available at https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/38083105.pdf).

Keesstra, S., Geissen, V., Mosse, K., Piiranen, S., Scudiero, E., Leistra, M. & van Schaik, L. 2012. Soil as a filter for groundwater quality. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 4(5): 507–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.10.007

Kenarova, A., Radeva, G., Traykov, I. & Boteva, S. 2014. Community level physiological profiles of bacterial communities inhabiting uranium mining impacted sites. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 100: 226–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.11.012

Kern, J.K., Geier, D.A., Homme, K.G. & Geier, M.R. 2020. Examining the evidence that ethylmercury crosses the blood-brain barrier. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 74: 103312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2019.103312

Kettunen, E., Hernandez‐Vargas, H., Cros, M.-P., Durand, G., Calvez‐Kelm, F.L., Stuopelyte, K., Jarmalaite, S., Salmenkivi, K., Anttila, S., Wolff, H., Herceg, Z. & Husgafvel‐Pursiainen, K. 2017. Asbestos-associated genome-wide DNA methylation changes in lung cancer. International Journal of Cancer, 141(10): 2014–2029. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30897

Khade, S.W. & Adholeya, A. 2009. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Association in Plants Growing on Metal-Contaminated and Noncontaminated Soils Adjoining Kanpur Tanneries, Uttar Pradesh, India. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 202(1): 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9957-8

Khan, S.I., Ahmed, A.K.M., Yunus, M., Rahman, M., Hore, S.K., Vahter, M. & Wahed, M.A. 2010. Arsenic and Cadmium in Food-chain in Bangladesh—An Exploratory Study. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 28(6): 578–584. (also available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995026/).

Khan, Z.I., Akhtar, M., Ahmad, K., Ashfaq, A., Nadeem, M., Bashir, H., Munir, M. & Malik, I.S. 2020. A study on the seasonal transfer of two metals from pasture to animals: health risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08140-5

Kim, K.-H., Kabir, E. & Jahan, S.A. 2017. Exposure to pesticides and the associated human health effects. Science of The Total Environment, 575: 525–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.009

Kim, N.D., Taylor, M.D. & Drewry, J.J. 2016. Anthropogenic fluorine accumulation in the Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions of New Zealand: comparison of field data with projections. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(2): 147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4897-2

Kim, R.-Y., Yoon, J.-K., Kim, T.-S., Yang, J.E., Owens, G. & Kim, K.-R. 2015. Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils: definitions and practical implementation--a critical review. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 37(6): 1041–1061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9695-y

Kirkham, M.B. 2006. Cadmium in plants on polluted soils: Effects of soil factors, hyperaccumulation, and amendments. Geoderma, 137(1): 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.08.024

Klaassen, C.D., Casarett, L.J. & Doull, J., eds. 2013. Casarett and Doull’s toxicology: the basic science of poisons. 8th ed edition. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 1454 pp.

Klaine, S.J., Alvarez, P.J.J., Batley, G.E., Fernandes, T.F., Handy, R.D., Lyon, D.Y., Mahendra, S., McLaughlin, M.J. & Lead, J.R. 2008. Nanomaterials in the environment: behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 27(9): 1825. https://doi.org/10.1897/08-090.1

Klamerus-Iwan, A., Błońska, E., Lasota, J., Kalandyk, A. & Waligórski, P. 2015. Influence of Oil Contamination on Physical and Biological Properties of Forest Soil After Chainsaw Use. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 226(11): 389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2649-2

Klatte, S., Schaefer, H.-C. & Hempel, M. 2017. Pharmaceuticals in the environment – A short review on options to minimize the exposure of humans, animals and ecosystems. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 5: 61–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2016.07.001

Klinčić, D., Dvoršćak, M., Jagić, K., Mendaš, G. & Herceg Romanić, S. 2020. Levels and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in humans and environmental compartments: a comprehensive review of the last five years of research. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(6): 5744–5758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07598-7

Klocke, C. & Lein, P.J. 2020. Evidence Implicating Non-Dioxin-Like Congeners as the Key Mediators of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Developmental Neurotoxicity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031013

Knutsen, H.K., Alexander, J., Barregård, L., Bignami, M., Brüschweiler, B., Ceccatelli, S., Cottrill, B., Dinovi, M., Edler, L., Grasl‐Kraupp, B., Hogstrand, C., Nebbia, C.S., Oswald, I.P., Petersen, A., Rose, M., Roudot, A.-C., Schwerdtle, T., Vleminckx, C., Vollmer, G., Wallace, H., Fürst, P., Håkansson, H., Halldorsson, T., Lundebye, A.-K., Pohjanvirta, R., Rylander, L., Smith, A., Loveren, H. van, Waalkens‐Berendsen, I., Zeilmaker, M., Binaglia, M., Ruiz, J.Á.G., Horváth, Z., Christoph, E., Ciccolallo, L., Bordajandi, L.R., Steinkellner, H. & Hoogenboom, L. (Ron). 2018. Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. EFSA Journal, 16(11): e05333. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5333

Kobayashi, S., Sata, F., Miyashita, C., Miura, R., Azumi, K., Kobayashi, S., Goudarzi, H., Araki, A., Ishizuka, M., Todaka, T., Kajiwara, J., Hori, T. & Kishi, R. 2017. Gender-specific association of exposure to non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls during pregnancy with methylation levels of H19 and long interspersed nuclear element-1 in cord blood in the Hokkaido study. Toxicology, 390: 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2017.08.010

Kocman, D., Wilson, S.J., Amos, H.M., Telmer, K.H., Steenhuisen, F., Sunderland, E.M., Mason, R.P., Outridge, P. & Horvat, M. 2017. Toward an Assessment of the Global Inventory of Present-Day Mercury Releases to Freshwater Environments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(2): 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020138

Köhler, H.-R. & Triebskorn, R. 2013. Wildlife Ecotoxicology of Pesticides: Can We Track Effects to the Population Level and Beyond? Science, 341(6147): 759–765. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1237591

Kok, H., Papendick, R.I. & Saxton, K.E. 2009. STEEP: Impact of long-term conservation farming research and education in Pacific Northwest wheatlands. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 64(4): 253–264. https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.64.4.253

Kolesnikov, S.I., Aznaurian, D.K., Kazeev, K. Sh. & Val’kov, V.F. 2010. Biological properties of south Russian soils: Tolerance to oil pollution. Russian Journal of Ecology, 41(5): 398–404. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1067413610050061

Komissarova, O. & Paramonova, T. 2019. Land use in agricultural landscapes with chernozems contaminated after Chernobyl accident: Can we be confident in radioecological safety of plant foodstuff? International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 7(2): 158–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2019.03.001

Konopka, A., Zakharova, T., Bischoff, M., Oliver, L., Nakatsu, C. & Turco, R.F. 1999. Microbial Biomass and Activity in Lead-Contaminated Soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65(5): 2256–2259. (also available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC91329/).

Korkina, I.N. & Vorobeichik, E.L. 2016. The humus index: A promising tool for environmental monitoring. Russian Journal of Ecology, 47(6): 526–531. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1067413616060084

Korkina, I.N. & Vorobeichik, E.L. 2018. Humus Index as an indicator of the topsoil response to the impacts of industrial pollution. Applied Soil Ecology, 123: 455–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.09.025

Kortenkamp, A., Martin, O., Faust, M., Evans, R., McKinlay, R., Orton, F. & Rosivatz, E. 2011. State of the art assessment of endocrine disruptors. European Commission, Directorate-General for the Environment. 135 pp. (also available at https://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/endocrine/pdf/sota_edc_final_report.pdf).

Kowalczyk, J., Numata, J., Zimmermann, B., Klinger, R., Habedank, F., Just, P., Schafft, H. & Lahrssen-Wiederholt, M. 2018. Suitability of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) as a Bioindicator for Environmental Pollution with Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 75(4): 594–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-018-0552-8

Kozlov, M.V. & Zvereva, E.L. 2011. A second life for old data: Global patterns in pollution ecology revealed from published observational studies. Environmental Pollution, 159(5): 1067–1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.028

Kozlov, M.V. & Zvereva, E.L. 2015. Decomposition of birch leaves in heavily polluted industrial barrens: relative importance of leaf quality and site of exposure. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(13): 9943–9950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4165-8

Krishnamoorthy, R., Kim, C.-G., Subramanian, P., Kim, K.-Y., Selvakumar, G. & Sa, T.-M. 2015. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Community Structure, Abundance and Species Richness Changes in Soil by Different Levels of Heavy Metal and Metalloid Concentration. PLoS ONE, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128784

Krishnamurthy, J., Engel, L.S., Wang, L., Schwartz, E.G., Christenbury, K., Kondrup, B., Barrett, J. & Rusiecki, J.A. 2019. Neurological symptoms associated with oil spill response exposures: Results from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Coast Guard Cohort Study. Environment International, 131: 104963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.104963

Kucher, A., Kazakova, I. & Kucher, L. 2015. Economic assessment of losses caused by contamination of soil resources within effective their use. Socio-Economic Problems and the State, 12(1): 190–199. (also available at http://sepd.tntu.edu.ua/images/stories/pdf/2015/15kaaetu.pdf).

Kula, C. & Römbke, J. 1998. Evaluation of soil ecotoxicity tests with functional endpoints for the risk assessment of plant protection products. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 5(1): 55. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02986376

Kumari, K., Singh, P., Bauddh, K., Mallick, S. & Chandra, R. 2017. Implications of Metal Nanoparticles on Aquatic Fauna: A Review. Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia, 08. https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681208666171205101112

Kutílek, M. & Nielsen, D.R. 2015. Omnipresent Soils. In M. Kutílek & D.R. Nielsen, eds. Soil: The Skin of the Planet Earth, pp. 1–5. Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9789-4_1).

Kwak, J.I., Lee, T.-Y., Seo, H., Kim, D., Kim, D., Cui, R. & An, Y.-J. 2020. Ecological risk assessment for perfluorooctanoic acid in soil using a species sensitivity approach. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 382: 121150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121150

Kwak, J.I., Moon, J., Kim, D. & An, Y.-J. 2017. Soil ecotoxicity of seven endocrine-disrupting chemicals: a review. European Journal of Soil Science, 68(5): 621–649. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12467

Kwasigroch, U., Bełdowska, M., Jędruch, A. & Saniewska, D. 2018. Coastal erosion—a “new” land-based source of labile mercury to the marine environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(28): 28682–28694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2856-7

Lal, R. 2016. Soil health and carbon management. Food and Energy Security, 5(4): 212–222. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.96

Landrigan, P.J., Fuller, R., Acosta, N.J.R., Adeyi, O., Arnold, R., Basu, N. (Nil), Baldé, A.B., Bertollini, R., Bose-O’Reilly, S., Boufford, J.I., Breysse, P.N., Chiles, T., Mahidol, C., Coll-Seck, A.M., Cropper, M.L., Fobil, J., Fuster, V., Greenstone, M., Haines, A., Hanrahan, D., Hunter, D., Khare, M., Krupnick, A., Lanphear, B., Lohani, B., Martin, K., Mathiasen, K.V., McTeer, M.A., Murray, C.J.L., Ndahimananjara, J.D., Perera, F., Potočnik, J., Preker, A.S., Ramesh, J., Rockström, J., Salinas, C., Samson, L.D., Sandilya, K., Sly, P.D., Smith, K.R., Steiner, A., Stewart, R.B., Suk, W.A., Schayck, O.C.P. van, Yadama, G.N., Yumkella, K. & Zhong, M. 2018. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. The Lancet, 391(10119): 462–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32345-0

Landrigan, P.J., Stegeman, J.J., Fleming, L.E., Allemand, D., Anderson, D.M., Backer, L.C., Brucker-Davis, F., Chevalier, N., Corra, L., CZERUCKA, D., Bottein, M.-Y.D., Demeneix, B., Depledge, M., Deheyn, D.D., Dorman, C.J., Fénichel, P., Fisher, S., Gaill, F., Galgani, F., Gaze, W.H., Giuliano, L., Grandjean, P., Hahn, M.E., Hamdoun, A., Hess, P., Judson, B., Laborde, A., Mcglade, J., Mu, J., Mustapha, A., Neira, M., Noble, R.T., Pedrotti, M.L., Reddy, C., Rocklöv, J., Scharler, U.M., Shanmugam, H., Taghian, G., Van De Water, J.A.J.M., Vezzulli, L., Weihe, P., Zeka, A., Raps, H. & Rampal, P. 2020. Human Health and Ocean Pollution. Annals of Global Health, 86(1): 151. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2831

Langberg, H.A. 2021. Fate and transport of forever chemicals in the aquatic environment: Partitioning and biotransformation of mixtures of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from different point sources and resulting concentrations in biota. Thesis for the Degree of Philosophiae Doctor. Trondheim, Norway, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. 376 pp. (also available at https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/handle/11250/2734122).

Lar, U.A., Agene, J.I. & Umar, A.I. 2015. Geophagic clay materials from Nigeria: a potential source of heavy metals and human health implications in mostly women and children who practice it. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 37(2): 363–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9653-0

LaRoe, E.T. & US National Biological Service. 1995. Our living resources : a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems. Washington, DC, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service,. (also available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4172).

Law, R.J. 2014. An overview of time trends in organic contaminant concentrations in marine mammals: Going up or down? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 82(1): 7–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.024

Lehnert, N., Coruzzi, G., Hegg, E., Seefeldt, L. & Stein, L. 2015. Feeding the world in the 21st Century: Grand challenges in the nitrogen cycle., p. 40. Arlington, VA, National Science Foundation. (also available at https://www.nsf.gov/mps/che/workshops/nsf_nitrogen_report_int.pdf).

Lei, D., Xiaohui, S., Yao, L., Baoyu, D., Qiong, W., Kaiyun, L., Jiawei, Z., Qingru, W. & Shuxiao, W. 2021. Soil-atmosphere exchange of gaseous elemental mercury in three subtropical forests with different substrate Hg concentrations. Atmospheric Environment, 244: 117869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117869

Lei, M., Zhang, L., Lei, J., Zong, L., Li, J., Wu, Z. & Wang, Z. 2015. Overview of Emerging Contaminants and Associated Human Health Effects. In: BioMed Research International [online]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/404796. [Cited 24 September 2020]. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2015/404796/

Letzel, S., Göen, T., Bader, M., Angerer, J. & Kraus, T. 2003. Exposure to nitroaromatic explosives and health effects during disposal of military waste. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(7): 483–488. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.7.483

Li, C., Chen, J., Wang, J., Ma, Z., Han, P., Luan, Y. & Lu, A. 2015a. Occurrence of antibiotics in soils and manures from greenhouse vegetable production bases of Beijing, China and an associated risk assessment. Science of The Total Environment, 521–522: 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.070

Li, H., Cheng, F., Wei, Y., Lydy, M.J. & You, J. 2017a. Global occurrence of pyrethroid insecticides in sediment and the associated toxicological effects on benthic invertebrates: An overview. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 324: 258–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.056

Li, L., Zhou, Q., Yin, N., Tu, C. & Luo, Y. 2019a. Uptake and accumulation of microplastics in an edible plant. Chinese Science Bulletin, 64(9): 928–934. https://doi.org/10.1360/N972018-00845

Li, L.-G., Xia, Y. & Zhang, T. 2017. Co-occurrence of antibiotic and metal resistance genes revealed in complete genome collection. The ISME Journal, 11(3): 651–662. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2016.155

Li, P., Feng, X., Chan, H.-M., Zhang, X. & Du, B. 2015b. Human Body Burden and Dietary Methylmercury Intake: The Relationship in a Rice-Consuming Population. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(16): 9682–9689. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00195

Li, R., Wu, H., Ding, J., Fu, W., Gan, L. & Li, Y. 2017b. Mercury pollution in vegetables, grains and soils from areas surrounding coal-fired power plants. Scientific Reports, 7(1): 46545. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46545

Li, W.C., Tse, H.F. & Fok, L. 2016. Plastic waste in the marine environment: A review of sources, occurrence and effects. Science of The Total Environment, 566–567: 333–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.084

Li, X., Meng, D., Li, J., Yin, H., Liu, H., Liu, X., Cheng, C., Xiao, Y., Liu, Z. & Yan, M. 2017c. Response of soil microbial communities and microbial interactions to long-term heavy metal contamination. Environmental Pollution, 231: 908–917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.057

Li, X., Wang, Y., Sun, H., Xu, H., Wang, Y. & Xu, S. 2011. Effects of irrigation water polluted with organic contaminants on soil aggregates. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 48(6): 1125–1131. (also available at https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-TRXB201106003.htm).

Li, Y., Juhasz, A.L., Ma, L.Q. & Cui, X. 2019b. Inhalation bioaccessibility of PAHs in PM2.5: Implications for risk assessment and toxicity prediction. Science of The Total Environment, 650: 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.246

Liang, Y., Zhao, H., Deng, Y., Zhou, J., Li, G. & Sun, B. 2016. Long-Term Oil Contamination Alters the Molecular Ecological Networks of Soil Microbial Functional Genes. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00060

Liao, J., Wang, J., Jiang, D., Wang, M.C. & Huang, Y. 2015. Long-term oil contamination causes similar changes in microbial communities of two distinct soils. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 99(23): 10299–10310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6880-y

Lima, D.R.S., Bezerra, M.L.S., Neves, E.B. & Moreira, F.R. 2011. Impact of ammunition and military explosives on human health and the environment. Reviews on Environmental Health, 26(2): 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh.2011.014

Ling, L.L., Schneider, T., Peoples, A.J., Spoering, A.L., Engels, I., Conlon, B.P., Mueller, A., Schäberle, T.F., Hughes, D.E., Epstein, S., Jones, M., Lazarides, L., Steadman, V.A., Cohen, D.R., Felix, C.R., Fetterman, K.A., Millett, W.P., Nitti, A.G., Zullo, A.M., Chen, C. & Lewis, K. 2015. A new antibiotic kills pathogens without detectable resistance. Nature, 517(7535): 455–459. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14098

Linkov, I., Bates, M.E., Canis, L.J., Seager, T.P. & Keisler, J.M. 2011. A decision-directed approach for prioritizing research into the impact of nanomaterials on the environment and human health. Nature Nanotechnology, 6(12): 784–787. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.163

Liotta, C., Kervinio, Y., Levrel, H. & Tardieu, L. 2020. Planning for environmental justice - reducing well-being inequalities through urban greening. Environmental Science & Policy, 112: 47–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.03.017

Lippmann, M. 2014. Toxicological and epidemiological studies on effects of airborne fibers: Coherence and pubic health implications. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 44(8): 643–695. https://doi.org/10.3109/10408444.2014.928266

Liu, B., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, J. & Gao, M. 2014. Combined effects of chlortetracycline and dissolved organic matter extracted from pig manure on the functional diversity of soil microbial community. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 74: 148–155.

Liu, B., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, J. & Gao, M. 2015. Effects of chlortetracycline on soil microbial communities: Comparisons of enzyme activities to the functional diversity via Biolog EcoPlatesTM. European Journal of Soil Biology, 68: 69–76.

Liu, F., Wu, J., Ying, G.-G., Luo, Z. & Feng, H. 2012a. Changes in functional diversity of soil microbial community with addition of antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and chlortetracycline. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 95(6): 1615–1623.

Liu, S., Li, S. & Du, Y. 2010. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Enhance Metastatic Properties of Breast Cancer Cells by Activating Rho-Associated Kinase (ROCK). PLOS ONE, 5(6): e11272. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011272

Liu, Y., Zhou, T., Crowley, D., Li, L., Liu, D., Zheng, J., Yu, X., Pan, G., Hussain, Q., Zhang, X. & Zheng, J. 2012b. Decline in Topsoil Microbial Quotient, Fungal Abundance and C Utilization Efficiency of Rice Paddies under Heavy Metal Pollution across South China. PLoS ONE, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038858

Lo, C.-C. 2010. Effect of pesticides on soil microbial community. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 45(5): 348–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601231003799804

Lockwood, P., Wilson, B., Daniel, H. & Jones, M. 2003. Soil acidification and natural resource management Directions for the future. University of New England.

Loganathan, B.G. & Masunaga, S. 2015. Chapter 19 - PCBs, Dioxins and Furans: Human Exposure and Health Effects. In R.C. Gupta, ed. Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents (Second Edition), pp. 239–247. Boston, Academic Press. (also available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128001592000191).

Loganathan, P., Hedley, M.J. & Grace, N.D. 2008. Pasture Soils Contaminated with Fertilizer-Derived Cadmium and Fluorine: Livestock Effects. In D.M. Whitacre, ed. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, pp. 29–66. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. New York, NY, Springer. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71724-1_2).

López-Abente, G., Locutura-Rupérez, J., Fernández-Navarro, P., Martín-Méndez, I., Bel-Lan, A. & Núñez, O. 2018. Compositional analysis of topsoil metals and its associations with cancer mortality using spatial misaligned data. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 40(1): 283–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-016-9904-3

Loria, A., Cristescu, M.E. & Gonzalez, A. 2019. Mixed evidence for adaptation to environmental pollution. Evolutionary Applications, 12(7): 1259–1273. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12782

Lottermoser, B.G. 2011. Colonisation of the rehabilitated Mary Kathleen uranium mine site (Australia) by Calotropis procera: Toxicity risk to grazing animals. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 111(1–2): 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.07.005

Lu, L., Luo, T., Zhao, Y., Cai, C., Fu, Z. & Jin, Y. 2019. Interaction between microplastics and microorganism as well as gut microbiota: A consideration on environmental animal and human health. Science of The Total Environment, 667: 94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.380

Lucattini, L., Poma, G., Covaci, A., de Boer, J., Lamoree, M.H. & Leonards, P.E.G. 2018. A review of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the indoor environment: occurrence in consumer products, indoor air and dust. Chemosphere, 201: 466–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.161

Lucisine, P., Lecerf, A., Danger, M., Felten, V., Aran, D., Auclerc, A., Gross, E.M., Huot, H., Morel, J.-L., Muller, S., Nahmani, J. & Maunoury-Danger, F. 2015. Litter chemistry prevails over litter consumers in mediating effects of past steel industry activities on leaf litter decomposition. Science of The Total Environment, 537: 213–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.112

Ludlow, J.T., Wilkerson, R.G. & Nappe, T.M. 2020. Methemoglobinemia. StatPearls, p. Treasure Island (FL), StatPearls Publishing. (also available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537317/).

Lusher, A.L., Tirelli, V., O’Connor, I. & Officer, R. 2015. Microplastics in Arctic polar waters: the first reported values of particles in surface and sub-surface samples. Scientific Reports, 5(1): 14947. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14947

Luyckx, V.A., Tonelli, M. & Stanifer, J.W. 2018. The global burden of kidney disease and the sustainable development goals. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 96(6): 414-422D. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.17.206441

Ma, J., Chen, Q.-L., O’Connor, P. & Sheng, G.D. 2020. Does soil CuO nanoparticles pollution alter the gut microbiota and resistome of Enchytraeus crypticus? Environmental Pollution, 256: 113463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113463

Ma, J., Lin, H., Sun, W., Wang, Q., Yu, Q., Zhao, Y. & Fu, J. 2014. Soil microbial systems respond differentially to tetracycline, sulfamonomethoxine, and ciprofloxacin entering soil under pot experimental conditions alone and in combination. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(12): 7436–7448.

Ma, L., Hu, L., Feng, X. & Wang, S. 2018. Nitrate and Nitrite in Health and Disease. Aging and Disease, 9(5): 938–945. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2017.1207

Machekano, H., Masamba, W., Mvumi, B.M. & Nyamukondiwa, C. 2019. Cabbage or ‘pesticide’ on the platter? Chemical analysis reveals multiple and excessive residues in African vegetable markets. International Journal of Food Contamination, 6(1): 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40550-019-0072-y

Macintyre, K. & Dobson, B. 2017. Geophagy: the earth eaters of south-western Australia. Anthropology from the shed: 39. (also available at https://anthropologyfromtheshed.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Geoghagy-2017.pdf).

Mackie, A. & Haščič, I. 2019. The distributional aspects of environmental quality and environmental policies: Opportunities for individuals and households., p. 34. OECD Green Growth Papers No. 2019/02. Environment Directorate, OECD. (also available at https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/the-distributional-aspects-of-environmental-quality-and-environmental-policies_e0939b52-en).

Mahmoud, M., Janssen, M., Haboub, N., Nassour, A. & Lennartz, B. 2010. The impact of olive mill wastewater application on flow and transport properties in soils. Soil and Tillage Research, 107(1): 36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.01.002

Majumder, A., Gupta, B. & Gupta, A.K. 2019. Pharmaceutically active compounds in aqueous environment: A status, toxicity and insights of remediation. Environmental Research, 176: 108542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108542

Maksimova, S. 2005. Radiation effects on the populations of soil invertebrates. Equidosimetry: Ecological Standardization and Equidosimetry for Radioecology and Environmental Ecology, pp. 155–161. Berlin, Springer Science & Business Media. (also available at https://books.google.it/books?hl=en&lr=&id=TwegEfeBfhYC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&ots=IJrg8CwiLo&sig=Xm4bxKAy0QgnfEAspujksV9Q00A&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false).

Malakar, A., Kanel, S.R., Ray, C., Snow, D.D. & Nadagouda, M.N. 2020. Nanomaterials in the environment, human exposure pathway, and health effects: A review. Science of The Total Environment: 143470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143470

Manu, M. 2017. Soil Invertebrates- an Usefull Tool in Biomonitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution. a Review. Studia Universitatis Vasile Goldis Seria Stiintele Vietii (Life Sciences Series), 27(4): 247–258. (also available at http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=128141745&lang=es&site=ehost-live).

Marin Villegas, C.A., Guney, M. & Zagury, G.J. 2019. Comparison of five artificial skin surface film liquids for assessing dermal bioaccessibility of metals in certified reference soils. Science of The Total Environment, 692: 595–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.281

Marinaccio, A., Binazzi, A., Bonafede, M., Corfiati, M., Marzio, D.D., Scarselli, A., Verardo, M., Mirabelli, D., Gennaro, V., Mensi, C., Schallemberg, G., Merler, E., Negro, C., Romanelli, A., Chellini, E., Silvestri, S., Cocchioni, M., Pascucci, C., Stracci, F., Ascoli, V., Trafficante, L., Angelillo, I., Musti, M., Cavone, D., Cauzillo, G., Tallarigo, F., Tumino, R., Melis, M. & Group, R.W. 2015. Malignant mesothelioma due to non-occupational asbestos exposure from the Italian national surveillance system (ReNaM): epidemiology and public health issues. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 72(9): 648–655. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102297

Marinussen, M.P.J.C. & van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M. 1996. Conceptual approach to estimating the effect of home-range size on the exposure of organisms to spatially variable soil contamination. Ecological Modelling, 87(1): 83–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(94)00207-X

Markowitz, S. 2015. Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer and Malignant Mesothelioma of the Pleura: Selected Current Issues. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 36(3): 334–346. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1549449

Marnane, I. 2012. Comprehensive environmental review following the pork PCB/dioxin contamination incident in Ireland. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 14(10): 2551–2556. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2EM30374D

Marques, R., Vieira, B.J., Prudêncio, M.I., Waerenborgh, J.C., Dias, M.I. & Rocha, F. 2018. Chemistry of volcanic soils used for agriculture in Brava Island (Cape Verde) envisaging a sustainable management. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 147: 28–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2018.06.014

Mathee, A., Kootbodien, T., Kapwata, T. & Naicker, N. 2018. Concentrations of arsenic and lead in residential garden soil from four Johannesburg neighborhoods. Environmental Research, 167: 524–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.08.012

Maunoury-Danger, F., Felten, V., Bojic, C., Fraysse, F., Cosin Ponce, M., Dedourge-Geffard, O., Geffard, A., Guérold, F. & Danger, M. 2018. Metal release from contaminated leaf litter and leachate toxicity for the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(12): 11281–11294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9452-0

Mbachu, O., Jenkins, G., Kaparaju, P. & Pratt, C. 2021. The rise of artificial soil carbon inputs: Reviewing microplastic pollution effects in the soil environment. Science of The Total Environment, 780: 146569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146569

McDiarmid, M.A., Engelhardt, S.M., Oliver, M., Gucer, P., Wilson, P.D., Kane, R., Kabat, M., Kaup, B., Anderson, L., Hoover, D., Brown, L., Albertini, R.J., Gudi, R., Jacobson-Kram, D., Thorne, C.D. & Squibb, K.S. 2006. Biological monitoring and surveillance results of Gulf War I veterans exposed to depleted uranium. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 79(1): 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-005-0006-2

McLean, J.E., McNeill, L.S., Edwards, M.A. & Parks, J.L. 2012. Hexavalent chromium review, part 1: Health effects, regulations, and analysis. Journal AWWA, 104(6): E348–E357. https://doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2012.104.0091

Medina, M.H., Correa, J.A. & Barata, C. 2007. Micro-evolution due to pollution: Possible consequences for ecosystem responses to toxic stress. Chemosphere, 67(11): 2105–2114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.024

Meeker, J.D., Sathyanarayana, S. & Swan, S.H. 2009. Phthalates and other additives in plastics: human exposure and associated health outcomes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526): 2097–2113. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0268

Meena, M.C., Band, R. & Sharma, G. 2015. Phenol and Its Toxicity: A Case Report. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 8: 1122–1124. (also available at http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-383-en.pdf).

Megharaj, M., Kantachote, D., Singleton, I. & Naidu, R. 2000. Effects of long-term contamination of DDT on soil microflora with special reference to soil algae and algal transformation of DDT. Environmental Pollution, 109(1): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00231-6

Meng, C., Tian, D., Zeng, H., Li, Z., Yi, C. & Niu, S. 2019. Global soil acidification impacts on belowground processes. Environmental Research Letters, 14(7): 074003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c

Menton, M., Larrea, C., Latorre, S., Martinez-Alier, J., Peck, M., Temper, L. & Walter, M. 2020. Environmental justice and the SDGs: from synergies to gaps and contradictions. Sustainability Science, 15(6): 1621–1636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00789-8

Messerlian, C., Martinez, R.M., Hauser, R. & Baccarelli, A.A. 2017. Omics and endocrine-disrupting chemicals — new paths forward. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 13: 740–748. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2017.81

Meyer, K., Breecker, D., Banner, J. & Guilfoyle, A. 2011. Carbon in karst: investigating sources, transport and isotopic fractionation to better inform the interpretation of speleothem climate records of central Texas caves. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts: 1876.

Mezzelani, M., Gorbi, S. & Regoli, F. 2018. Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environments: Evidence of emerged threat and future challenges for marine organisms. Marine Environmental Research, 140: 41–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.001

Michałowicz, J., Włuka, A., Cyrkler, M., Maćczak, A., Sicińska, P. & Mokra, K. 2018. Phenol and chlorinated phenols exhibit different apoptotic potential in human red blood cells (in vitro study). Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 61: 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.014

Mihats, D., Moche, W., Prean, M. & Rauscher-Gabernig, E. 2015. Dietary exposure to non-dioxin-like PCBs of different population groups in Austria. Chemosphere, 126: 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.006

Miodovnik, A. 2011. Environmental Neurotoxicants and Developing Brain. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine, 78(1): 58–77. https://doi.org/10.1002/msj.20237

Mishra, S. & Bharagava, R.N. 2016. Toxic and genotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium in environment and its bioremediation strategies. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 34(1): 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2015.1096883

Mitra, A. & Maitra, S.K. 2018. Reproductive Toxicity of Organophosphate Pesticides., 1(1): 9.

Mitrović, B., Vitorović, G., Vitorović, D., Pantelić, G. & Adamović, I. 2009. Natural and anthropogenic radioactivity in the environment of mountain region of Serbia. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 11(2): 383–388. https://doi.org/10.1039/B813102C

Molinari, M. & Stevenson, J. 2020. Malignant Mesothelioma Cancer | Stages, Prognosis, Treatment. In: Mesothelioma.com [online]. [Cited 8 September 2020]. https://www.mesothelioma.com/mesothelioma/

Mombo, S., Laplanche, C., Besson, P., Sammartino, S., Schreck, E., Dumat, C. & Capowiez, Y. 2018. Metal soil pollution differentially affects both the behaviour and exposure of A. caliginosa and L. terrestris: a mesocosm study. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 54(3): 319–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-017-1261-6

Monopoli, M.P., Åberg, C., Salvati, A. & Dawson, K.A. 2012. Biomolecular coronas provide the biological identity of nanosized materials. Nature Nanotechnology, 7(12): 779–786. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.207

Monteiro, S.C. & Boxall, A.B.A. 2009. Factors affecting the degradation of pharmaceuticals in agricultural soils. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28(12): 2546–2554. https://doi.org/10.1897/08-657.1

Montero-Montoya, R., López-Vargas, R. & Arellano-Aguilar, O. 2018. Volatile Organic Compounds in Air: Sources, Distribution, Exposure and Associated Illnesses in Children. Annals of Global Health, 84(2): 225–238. https://doi.org/10.29024/aogh.910

Moore, K.L., Persaud, T.V.N. & Torchia, M.G. 2013. The developing human: clinically oriented embryology. 9th ed edition. Philadelphia, PA, Saunders/Elsevier. 540 pp.

Mori, N., Yasutake, A., Marumoto, M. & Hirayama, K. 2011. Methylmercury inhibits electron transport chain activity and induces cytochrome c release in cerebellum mitochondria. The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 36(3): 253–259. https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.36.253

Mousseau, T.A., Milinevsky, G., Kenney-Hunt, J. & Møller, A.P. 2014. Highly reduced mass loss rates and increased litter layer in radioactively contaminated areas. Oecologia, 175(1): 429–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-2908-8

MSU. 2011. Horizontal Gene Transfer. In: — Antimicrobial Resistance Learning Site For Veterinary Students [online]. [Cited 5 April 2021]. http://amrls.cvm.msu.edu/microbiology/molecular-basis-for-antimicrobial-resistance/acquired-resistance/acquisition-of-antimicrobial-resistance-via-horizontal-gene-transfer

Müller, A.K., Westergaard, K., Christensen, S. & Sørensen, S.J. 2002. The diversity and function of soil microbial communities exposed to different disturbances. Microbial Ecology, 44(1): 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-001-0042-8

Müller, M.H.B., Polder, A., Brynildsrud, O.B., Lie, E., Løken, K.B., Manyilizu, W.B., Mdegela, R.H., Mokiti, F., Murtadha, M., Nonga, H.E., Skaare, J.U. & Lyche, J.L. 2016. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in breast milk and associated health risks to nursing infants in Northern Tanzania. Environment International, 89–90: 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.032

Murdoch, D.J. & Krewski, D. 1988. Carcinogenic Risk Assessment with Time-Dependent Exposure Patterns. Risk Analysis, 8(4): 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01192.x

Musilova, L., Ridl, J., Polivkova, M., Macek, T. & Uhlik, O. 2016. Effects of Secondary Plant Metabolites on Microbial Populations: Changes in Community Structure and Metabolic Activity in Contaminated Environments. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(8): 1205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081205

Nadybal, S., Grineski, S., Collins, T., Castor, A., Flores, A., Griego, A., Mullen, C. & Rubio, R. 2020. Environmental Justice in the US and Beyond: Frameworks, Evidence, and Social Action. In K.M. Lersch & J. Chakraborty, eds. Geographies of Behavioural Health, Crime, and Disorder: The Intersection of Social Problems and Place, pp. 187–209. GeoJournal Library. Cham, Springer International Publishing. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33467-3_9).

Nahmani, J. & Lavelle, P. 2002. Effects of heavy metal pollution on soil macrofauna in a grassland of Northern France. European Journal of Soil Biology, 38(3): 297–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1164-5563(02)01169-X

Naidu, R., Nadebaum, P., Fang, C., Cousins, I., Pennell, K., Conder, J., Newell, C.J., Longpré, D., Warner, S., Crosbie, N.D., Surapaneni, A., Bekele, D., Spiese, R., Bradshaw, T., Slee, D., Liu, Y., Qi, F., Mallavarapu, M., Duan, L., McLeod, L., Bowman, M., Richmond, B., Srivastava, P., Chadalavada, S., Umeh, A., Biswas, B., Barclay, A., Simon, J. & Nathanail, P. 2020. Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Current status and research needs. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 19: 100915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.100915

Nascimento, A.F., Pires, F.R., Chagas, K., Procópio, S. de O., Oliveira, M.A., Filho, A.C., Belo, A.F. & Filho, F.B.E. 2015. Risk of Soil Recontamination Due to Using Eleusine coracana and Panicum maximum Straw After Phytoremediation of Picloram. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 17(4): 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2014.909775

National Research Council. 2012. Chapter 3. Chlorobenzene. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals, pp. 82–119. Washington, D.C, The National Academies Press. (also available at https://www.nap.edu/read/13377/chapter/7).

Naujokas, M.F., Anderson, B., Ahsan, H., Aposhian, H.V., Graziano, J.H., Thompson, C. & Suk, W.A. 2013. The Broad Scope of Health Effects from Chronic Arsenic Exposure: Update on a Worldwide Public Health Problem. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(3): 295–302. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205875

Nemoto, Y., Saito, R. & Oomachi, H. 2018. Seasonal variation of Cesium-137 concentration in Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. PLoS ONE, 13(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200797

Ng, E.-L., Huerta Lwanga, E., Eldridge, S.M., Johnston, P., Hu, H.-W., Geissen, V. & Chen, D. 2018. An overview of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution in agroecosystems. Science of The Total Environment, 627: 1377–1388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.341

Ng, J.C., Juhasz, A., Smith, E. & Naidu, R. 2015. Assessing the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of metals and metalloids. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 22(12): 8802–8825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1820-9

Nickens, K.P., Patierno, S.R. & Ceryak, S. 2010. Chromium genotoxicity: A double-edged sword. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 188(2): 276–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2010.04.018

NIEHS. 2020. Endocrine Disruptors. In: US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [online]. [Cited 22 September 2020]. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm

Niemeyer, J.C., de Santo, F.B., Guerra, N., Ricardo Filho, A.M. & Pech, T.M. 2018. Do recommended doses of glyphosate-based herbicides affect soil invertebrates? Field and laboratory screening tests to risk assessment. Chemosphere, 198: 154–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.127

Nizzetto, L., Futter, M. & Langaas, S. 2016. Are Agricultural Soils Dumps for Microplastics of Urban Origin? Environmental science & technology, 50(20): 10777–10779. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04140

Nordberg, G.F., Fowler, B.A. & Nordberg, M. 2014. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. London, NETHERLANDS, THE, Elsevier Science & Technology. (also available at http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bull-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1757714).

NTP. 2019. Health Effects Assessments. In: National Toxicology Program, US Department of Health and Human Services [online]. [Cited 8 October 2020]. https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/index.html

Oaks, J.L. & Watson, R.T. 2011. South Asian Vultures in Crisis: Environmental Contamination with a Pharmaceutical. In J.E. Elliott, C.A. Bishop & C.A. Morrissey, eds. Wildlife Ecotoxicology: Forensic Approaches, pp. 413–441. Emerging Topics in Ecotoxicology. New York, NY, Springer. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89432-4_14).

Obiakor, M.O., Wilson, S.C., Tighe, M. & Pereg, L. 2019. Antimony Causes Mortality and Induces Mutagenesis in the Soil Functional Bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Sp7. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 230(8): 183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4232-8

O’Brien, L., De Vreese, R., Atmiş, E., Stahl Olafsson, A., Sievänen, T., Brennan, M., Sánchez, M., Panagopoulos, T., de Vries, S., Kern, M., Gentin, S., Saraiva, G. & Almeida, A. 2017. Social and Environmental Justice: Diversity in Access to and Benefits from Urban Green Infrastructure – Examples from Europe. In D. Pearlmutter, C. Calfapietra, R. Samson, L. O’Brien, S. Krajter Ostoić, G. Sanesi & R. Alonso del Amo, eds. The Urban Forest: Cultivating Green Infrastructure for People and the Environment, pp. 153–190. Future City. Cham, Springer International Publishing. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50280-9_15).

O’Connor, D., Hou, D., Ok, Y.S. & Lanphear, B.P. 2020. The effects of iniquitous lead exposure on health. Nature Sustainability, 3(2): 77–79. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0475-z

ODPHP. 2017. Healthy People 2020. In: Healthy People [online]. [Cited 25 January 2021]. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/data-search/Search-the-Data#topic-area=3492;

OECD. 2019a. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (also available at https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/oecd-guidelines-for-the-testing-of-chemicals_72d77764-en).

OECD. 2019b. Test No. 431: In vitro skin corrosion: reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) test method. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4. OECD. (also available at https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/test-no-431-in-vitro-skin-corrosion-reconstructed-human-epidermis-rhe-test-method_9789264264618-en).

OECD. 2019c. Biodiversity: Finance and the Economic and Business Case for Action. A report prepared by the OECD for the French G7 Presidency and the G7 Environment Ministers’ Meeting, 5-6 May 2019. OECD. 96 pp. (also available at https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/biodiversity-finance-and-the-economic-and-business-case-for-action_a3147942-en).

OECD. 2020. eChemPortal -The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances. In: OECD eChemPortal [online]. [Cited 8 October 2020]. https://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/

OECD & IEA. 2014. DataBank | World Development Indicators. Electricity production from different sources. World aggregated data [online]. [Cited 18 December 2019]. https://databank.worldbank.org/home.aspx

Ogbomida, E.T., Nakayama, S.M.M., Bortey-Sam, N., Oroszlany, B., Tongo, I., Enuneku, A.A., Ozekeke, O., Ainerua, M.O., Fasipe, I.P., Ezemonye, L.I., Mizukawa, H., Ikenaka, Y. & Ishizuka, M. 2018. Accumulation patterns and risk assessment of metals and metalloid in muscle and offal of free-range chickens, cattle and goat in Benin City, Nigeria. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 151: 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.069

O’Green, A.T. 2013. Soil Water Dynamics. 4. Nature Education Knowledge. 9 pp. (also available at https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/soil-water-dynamics-103089121/).

Ohoro, C.R., Adeniji, A.O., Okoh, A.I. & Okoh, O.O. 2019. Distribution and Chemical Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in the Environmental Systems: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173026

Okoffo, E.D., O’Brien, S., O’Brien, J.W., Tscharke, B.J. & Thomas, K.V. 2019. Wastewater treatment plants as a source of plastics in the environment: a review of occurrence, methods for identification, quantification and fate. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 5(11): 1908–1931. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EW00428A

Oliveira, A. & Pampulha, M.E. 2006. Effects of long-term heavy metal contamination on soil microbial characteristics. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 102(3): 157–161. https://doi.org/10.1263/jbb.102.157

Oliver, M.A. 2008. Soil and human health: a review. European Journal of Soil Science, 48(4): 573–592. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1997.tb00558.x

Oliver, M.A. & Gregory, P.J. 2015. Soil, food security and human health: a review: Soil, food security and human health. European Journal of Soil Science, 66(2): 257–276. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12216

Oppl, R., Kalberlah, F., Evans, P.G. & van Hemmen, J.J. 2003. A toolkit for dermal risk assessment and management: an overview. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 47(8): 629–640. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/meg069

Orgiazzi, A., Bardgett, R.D., Barrios, E., Behan-Pelletier, V., Briones, M.J.I., Chotte, J.-L., De Deyn, G.B., Eggleton, P., Fierer, N., Fraser, T., Hedlund, K., Jeffery, S., Johnson, N.C., Jones, A., Kandeler, E., Kaneko, N., Lavelle, P., Lemanceau, P., Miko, L., Montanarella, L., Moreira, F.M.S., Ramirez, K.S., Scheu, S., Singh, B.K., Six, J., Putten, W.H. van der, Wall, D.H., European Commission, & Joint Research Centre. 2016. Chapter 2. Diversity of Soil Organisms. Global soil biodiversity atlas., pp. 28–65. Luxembourg, European Commission, Publications Office of the European Union. (also available at http://bookshop.europa.eu/uri?target=EUB:NOTICE:LBNA27236:EN:HTML).

Ozaki, S., Fritsch, C., Valot, B., Mora, F., Cornier, T., Scheifler, R. & Raoul, F. 2018. Does pollution influence small mammal diet in the field? A metabarcoding approach in a generalist consumer. Molecular Ecology, 27(18): 3700–3713. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14823

Özkara, A., Akyıl, D. & Konuk, M. 2016. Pesticides, Environmental Pollution, and Health. Environmental Health Risk - Hazardous Factors to Living Species. https://doi.org/10.5772/63094

Pan, M. & Chu, L.M. 2017. Fate of antibiotics in soil and their uptake by edible crops. Science of The Total Environment, 599–600: 500–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.214

Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain, Schrenk, D., Bignami, M., Bodin, L., Chipman, J.K., del Mazo, J., Grasl-Kraupp, B., Hogstrand, C., Hoogenboom, L., Leblanc, J.-C., Nebbia, C.S., Nielsen, E., Ntzani, E., Petersen, A., Sand, S., Vleminckx, C., Wallace, H., Barregård, L., Cravedi, J.-P., Haldorsson, T.I., Haug, L.S., Johansson, N., Knutsen, H.K., Rose, M., Roudot, A.-C., Van Loveren, H., Vollmer, G., Mackay, K., Riolo, F. & Schwerdtle, T. 2020. Perfluoroalkyl substances in food. EFSA Journal: 239. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.20YY.NNNN

Panichev, A.M., Popov, V.K., Chekryzhov, I. Yu., Seryodkin, I.V., Stolyarova, T.A., Zakusin, S.V., Sergievich, A.A. & Khoroshikh, P.P. 2016. Rare earth elements upon assessment of reasons of the geophagy in Sikhote-Alin region (Russian Federation), Africa and other world regions. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 38(6): 1255–1270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9788-7

Paradelo, R., van Oort, F. & Chenu, C. 2013. Water-dispersible clay in bare fallow soils after 80years of continuous fertilizer addition. Geoderma, 200–201: 40–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.01.014

Pareja-Carrera, J., Mateo, R. & Rodríguez-Estival, J. 2014. Lead (Pb) in sheep exposed to mining pollution: Implications for animal and human health. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 108: 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.07.014

Parris, K. 2011. Impact of Agriculture on Water Pollution in OECD Countries: Recent Trends and Future Prospects. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 27(1): 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2010.531898

Pasetto, R., Mattioli, B. & Marsili, D. 2019. Environmental Justice in Industrially Contaminated Sites. A Review of Scientific Evidence in the WHO European Region. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060998

Pearce, J.R., Richardson, E.A., Mitchell, R.J. & Shortt, N.K. 2011. Environmental justice and health: A study of multiple environmental deprivation and geographical inequalities in health in New Zealand. Social Science & Medicine, 73(3): 410–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.039

Pebsworth, P.A., Hillier, S., Wendler, R., Glahn, R., Ta, C.A.K., Arnason, J.T. & Young, S.L. 2019. Geophagy among East African Chimpanzees: consumed soils provide protection from plant secondary compounds and bioavailable iron. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 41(6): 2911–2927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00366-8

Pecina, V., Brtnický, M., Baltazár, T., Juřička, D., Kynický, J. & Vašinová Galiová, M. 2021. Human health and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in urban soils of 101 cities in China: A meta-analysis. Chemosphere, 267: 129215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129215

Pereira, A., Silva, L., Laranjeiro, C., Lino, C. & Pena, A. 2020. Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part II—Toxicity and Environmental Risk Assessment. Molecules, 25(8): 1796–1796. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081796

Pereira, L.C., de Souza, A.O., Bernardes, M.F.F., Pazin, M., Tasso, M.J., Pereira, P.H. & Dorta, D.J. 2015. A perspective on the potential risks of emerging contaminants to human and environmental health. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(18): 13800–13823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4896-6

Peruchi, L.M., Fostier, A.H. & Rath, S. 2015. Sorption of norfloxacin in soils: Analytical method, kinetics and Freundlich isotherms. Chemosphere, 119: 310–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.008

Pesatori, A.C., Consonni, D., Rubagotti, M., Grillo, P. & Bertazzi, P.A. 2009. Cancer incidence in the population exposed to dioxin after the ‘Seveso accident’: twenty years of follow-up. Environmental Health, 8(1): 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-8-39

Pichtel, J. 2012. Distribution and Fate of Military Explosives and Propellants in Soil: A Review. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2012: e617236. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/617236

Pickering, A.J., Julian, T.R., Marks, S.J., Mattioli, M.C., Boehm, A.B., Schwab, K.J. & Davis, J. 2012. Fecal Contamination and Diarrheal Pathogens on Surfaces and in Soils among Tanzanian Households with and without Improved Sanitation. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(11): 5736–5743. https://doi.org/10.1021/es300022c

Pietroiusti, A., Stockmann‐Juvala, H., Lucaroni, F. & Savolainen, K. 2018. Nanomaterial exposure, toxicity, and impact on human health. WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 10(5): e1513. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1513

Piña, B., Bayona, J.M., Christou, A., Fatta-Kassinos, D., Guillon, E., Lambropoulou, D., Michael, C., Polesel, F. & Sayen, S. 2020. On the contribution of reclaimed wastewater irrigation to the potential exposure of humans to antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes – NEREUS COST Action ES1403 position paper. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(1): 102131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.01.011

Pistocchi, A. & Loos, R. 2009. A Map of European Emissions and Concentrations of PFOS and PFOA. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(24): 9237–9244. https://doi.org/10.1021/es901246d

Plum, L.M., Rink, L. & Haase, H. 2010. The Essential Toxin: Impact of Zinc on Human Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7(4): 1342–1365. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7041342

Polidoro, B.A., Comeros-Raynal, M.T., Cahill, T. & Clement, C. 2017. Land-based sources of marine pollution: Pesticides, PAHs and phthalates in coastal stream water, and heavy metals in coastal stream sediments in American Samoa. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 116(1): 501–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.058

Post, W.M. 1993. Organic Carbon in Soil and the Global Carbon Cycle. In M. Heimann, ed. The Global Carbon Cycle, pp. 277–302. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer. (also available at http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-84608-3_12).

Posthuma, L. & Suter, G.W. 2011. Ecological Risk Assessment of Diffuse and Local Soil Contamination Using Species Sensitivity Distributions. In F.A. Swartjes, ed. Dealing with Contaminated Sites: From Theory towards Practical Application, pp. 625–691. Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9757-6_14).

Poston, R.G. & Saha, R.N. 2019. Epigenetic Effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Human Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15): 2703. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152703

Potschin-Young, M., Czúcz, B., Liquete, C., Maes, J., Rusch, G.M. & Haines-Young, R. 2017. Intermediate ecosystem services: An empty concept? Ecosystem Services, 27: 124–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.09.001

Powlson, D.S. 1993. Understanding the soil nitrogen cycle. Soil Use and Management, 9(3): 86–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1993.tb00935.x

Prata, J.C., da Costa, J.P., Lopes, I., Duarte, A.C. & Rocha-Santos, T. 2020. Environmental exposure to microplastics: An overview on possible human health effects. Science of The Total Environment, 702: 134455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134455

Prepas, E.E. & Charette, T. 2003. 9.08 - Worldwide Eutrophication of Water Bodies: Causes, Concerns, Controls. In H.D. Holland & K.K. Turekian, eds. Treatise on Geochemistry, pp. 311–331. Oxford, Pergamon. (also available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080437516091696).

Pretty, J.N., Brett, C., Gee, D., Hine, R.E., Mason, C.F., Morison, J.I.L., Raven, H., Rayment, M.D. & van der Bijl, G. 2000. An assessment of the total external costs of UK agriculture. Agricultural Systems, 65(2): 113–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-521X(00)00031-7

Prüss-Üstün, A. & Corvalán, C. 2006. Preventing disease through healthy environments: towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization. 104 pp.

Prüss-Ustün, A., Wolf, J., Corvalán, C., Bos, R. & Neira, M. 2016. Preventing disease through healthy environments. A global assessment of the burden disease from environmental risk., p. 176. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization. (also available at https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/204585/9789241565196_eng.pdf?sequence=1).

Pure Earth. 2017. Global Mercury Program - Proven strategies to eliminate mercury use in gold mining, remediate contaminated sites, and reduce health risks., p. 19. New York, Pure Earth. (also available at http://gahp.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Pure-Earth-Global-Mercury-Program-11.1.17.pdf).

Qian, Y., Zhang, S., Guo, W., Ma, J., Chen, Y., Wang, L., Zhao, M. & Liu, S. 2015. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Inhibit Hepcidin Expression through an Estrogen-Like Effect Associated with Disordered Systemic Iron Homeostasis. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 28(4): 629–640. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx500428r

Qin, J., Nworie, O.E. & Lin, C. 2016. Particle size effects on bioaccessible amounts of ingestible soil-borne toxic elements. Chemosphere, 159: 442–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.034

Qiu, G., Feng, X., Li, P., Wang, S., Li, G., Shang, L. & Fu, X. 2008. Methylmercury Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grown at Abandoned Mercury Mines in Guizhou, China. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(7): 2465–2468. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf073391a

Quemada, M., Baranski, M., Nobel-de Lange, M.N.J., Vallejo, A. & Cooper, J.M. 2013. Meta-analysis of strategies to control nitrate leaching in irrigated agricultural systems and their effects on crop yield. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 174: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.04.018

Quina, A.S., Durão, A.F., Muñoz-Muñoz, F., Ventura, J. & da Luz Mathias, M. 2019. Population effects of heavy metal pollution in wild Algerian mice (Mus spretus). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 171: 414–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.062

Radke, E.G., Braun, J.M., Meeker, J.D. & Cooper, G.S. 2018. Phthalate exposure and male reproductive outcomes: A systematic review of the human epidemiological evidence. Environment International, 121: 764–793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.029

Ragusa, A., Svelato, A., Santacroce, C., Catalano, P., Notarstefano, V., Carnevali, O., Papa, F., Rongioletti, M.C.A., Baiocco, F., Draghi, S., D’Amore, E., Rinaldo, D., Matta, M. & Giorgini, E. 2021. Plasticenta: First evidence of microplastics in human placenta. Environment International, 146: 106274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106274

Rajapaksha, R.M.C.P., Tobor-Kapłon, M.A. & Bååth, E. 2004. Metal toxicity affects fungal and bacterial activities in soil differently. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(5): 2966–2973. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.5.2966-2973.2004

Rastogi, A., Al-Abed, S.R. & Dionysiou, D.D. 2009. Sulfate radical-based ferrous–peroxymonosulfate oxidative system for PCBs degradation in aqueous and sediment systems. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 85(3): 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.07.010

Refsgaard, J.C., Thorsen, M., Jensen, J.B., Kleeschulte, S. & Hansen, S. 1999. Large scale modelling of groundwater contamination from nitrate leaching. Journal of Hydrology, 221(3): 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00081-5

Rehman, H.U. 2001. Methemoglobinemia. Western Journal of Medicine, 175(3): 193–196. (also available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1071541/).

Rhind, S.M., Evans, N.P., Bellingham, M., Sharpe, R.M., Cotinot, C., Mandon-Pepin, B., Loup, B., Sinclair, K.D., Lea, R.G., Pocar, P., Fischer, B., Zalm, E. van der, Hart, K., Schmidt, J.-S., Amezaga, M.R. & Fowler, P.A. 2010. Effects of environmental pollutants on the reproduction and welfare of ruminants. animal, 4(7): 1227–1239. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731110000595

Riaz, L., Mahmood, T., Khalid, A., Rashid, A., Ahmed Siddique, M.B., Kamal, A. & Coyne, M.S. 2018. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) in the environment: A review on their abundance, sorption and toxicity in soil. Chemosphere, 191: 704–720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.092

Richmond, E.K., Grace, M.R., Kelly, J.J., Reisinger, A.J., Rosi, E.J. & Walters, D.M. 2017. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are ecological disrupting compounds (EcoDC). Elem Sci Anth, 5(0): 66. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.252

Rillig, M.C. & Bonkowski, M. 2018. Microplastic and soil protists: A call for research. Environmental Pollution, 241: 1128–1131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.147

Ritchie, H. & Roser, M. 2017. Micronutrient Deficiency. Our World in Data. (also available at https://ourworldindata.org/micronutrient-deficiency).

Ritchie, H. & Roser, M. 2019. Global sulphur dioxide (SO₂) emissions by world region. In: Our World in Data - Air Pollution [online]. [Cited 2 April 2020]. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/so-emissions-by-world-region-in-million-tonnes

Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, Å., Chapin, F.S.I., Lambin, E., Lenton, T., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H.J., Nykvist, B., de Wit, C., Hughes, T., van der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Sörlin, S., Snyder, P., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Corell, R., Fabry, V., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Liverman, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P. & Foley, J. 2009. Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Ecology and Society, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03180-140232

Rodrigues, S.M., Henriques, B., Reis, A.T., Duarte, A.C., Pereira, E. & Römkens, P.F.A.M. 2012. Hg transfer from contaminated soils to plants and animals. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 10(1): 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-011-0329-z

Rodríguez Eugenio, N., McLaughlin, M.J. & Pennock, D. 2018. Soil pollution: a hidden reality. Rome, Italy, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 156 pp.

Røe, O.D. & Stella, G.M. 2017. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: History, Controversy, and Future of a Man-Made Epidemic. In J.R. Testa, ed. Asbestos and Mesothelioma, pp. 73–101. Current Cancer Research. Cham, Springer International Publishing. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53560-9_4).

Rogers, S.W., Shaffer, C.E., Langen, T.A., Jahne, M. & Welsh, R. 2018. Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Pathogens Shed by Wild Deer Correlate with Land Application of Residuals. EcoHealth, 15(2): 409–425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-018-1316-7

Rothenberg, S.E., Windham-Myers, L. & Creswell, J.E. 2014. Rice Methylmercury Exposure and Mitigation: A Comprehensive Review. Environmental research, 0: 407–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.001

Roumak, V.S., Levenkova, E.S., Umnova, N.V., Popov, V.S., Turbabina, K.A. & Shelepchikov, A.A. 2018. The content of dioxins and furans in soils, bottom sediments of water bodies, and tissues of small mammals near the landfill site with municipal solid wastes (Moscow, Russia). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(29): 29379–29386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2933-y

Rowe, C.L. 2008. ‘The Calamity of So Long Life’: Life Histories, Contaminants, and Potential Emerging Threats to Long-lived Vertebrates. Bioscience; Oxford, 58(7): 623–631. (also available at http://search.proquest.com/docview/216480545/abstract/EF58D83DDB7C4838PQ/1).

Rowland, M.J. 2002. Geophagy: An Assessment of Implications for the Development of Australian Indigenous Plant Processing Technologies. Australian Aboriginal Studies(1): 51–66. (also available at https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=594428456292261;res=IELIND).

Royer, A. & Sharman, T. 2020. Copper Toxicity. StatPearls, p. Treasure Island (FL), StatPearls Publishing. (also available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557456/).

Ruiz, D., Becerra, M., Jagai, J.S., Ard, K. & Sargis, R.M. 2018. Disparities in Environmental Exposures to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Diabetes Risk in Vulnerable Populations. Diabetes Care, 41(1): 193–205. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-2765

Russell, D.J. & Alberti, G. 1998. Effects of long-term, geogenic heavy metal contamination on soil organic matter and microarthropod communities, in particular Collembola. Applied Soil Ecology, 9(1): 483–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(98)00109-7

Rusu, A., Hancu, G. & Uivaroşi, V. 2015. Fluoroquinolone pollution of food, water and soil, and bacterial resistance. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 13(1): 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-014-0481-3

Ruszkiewicz, J.A., Li, S., Rodriguez, M.B. & Aschner, M. 2017. Is Triclosan a neurotoxic agent? Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 20(2): 104–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2017.1281181

Rychen, G., Jurjanz, S., Toussaint, H. & Feidt, C. 2008. Dairy ruminant exposure to persistent organic pollutants and excretion to milk. animal, 2(2): 312–323. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731107001139

Rylott, E.L. & Bruce, N.C. 2019. Right on target: using plants and microbes to remediate explosives. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 21(11): 1051–1064. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2019.1606783

de Sá, L.C., Oliveira, M., Ribeiro, F., Rocha, T.L. & Futter, M.N. 2018. Studies of the effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms: What do we know and where should we focus our efforts in the future? Science of The Total Environment, 645: 1029–1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.207

Saaristo, M., Brodin, T., Balshine, S., Bertram, M.G., Brooks, B.W., Ehlman, S.M., McCallum, E.S., Sih, A., Sundin, J., Wong, B.B.M. & Arnold, K.E. 2018. Direct and indirect effects of chemical contaminants on the behaviour, ecology and evolution of wildlife. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 285(1885): 20181297. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1297

Saha, A., Ghosh, R.K. & Basak, B.B. 2019. Fate and Behavior of Pesticides and Their Effect on Soil Biological Properties Under Climate Change Scenario. In R.S. Meena, S. Kumar, J.S. Bohra & M.L. Jat, eds. Sustainable Management of Soil and Environment, pp. 259–288. Singapore, Springer. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8832-3_8).

Saha, J.K., Selladurai, R., Coumar, M.V., Dotaniya, M.L., Kundu, S. & Patra, A.K. 2017. Impacts of Soil Pollution and Their Assessment. In J.K. Saha, R. Selladurai, M.V. Coumar, M.L. Dotaniya, S. Kundu & A.K. Patra, eds. Soil Pollution - An Emerging Threat to Agriculture, pp. 37–73. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World. Singapore, Springer. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4274-4_3).

Salah, M.M. & Al-Madhhachi, A.T. 2016. Influence of Lead Pollution on Cohesive Soil Erodibility using Jet Erosion Tests. Environment and Natural Resources Research, 6(1): 88. https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v6n1p88

Šalamún, P., Hanzelová, V., Miklisová, D., Šestinová, O., Findoráková, L. & Kováčik, P. 2017. The effects of vegetation cover on soil nematode communities in various biotopes disturbed by industrial emissions. Science of The Total Environment, 592: 106–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.238

Saleh, T.A. 2020. Nanomaterials: Classification, properties, and environmental toxicities. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 20: 101067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.101067

Sallach, J.B. 2015. Fate and transport of antibiotics in the agroecosystem: Uptake in the soil-plant system - ProQuest. Lincoln, Nebraska, University of Nebraska. (also available at https://search.proquest.com/openview/82e01960e1ae7fd93a432f58860050ef/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y).

Samoli, E., Stergiopoulou, A., Santana, P., Rodopoulou, S., Mitsakou, C., Dimitroulopoulou, C., Bauwelinck, M., de Hoogh, K., Costa, C., Marí-Dell’Olmo, M., Corman, D., Vardoulakis, S. & Katsouyanni, K. 2019. Spatial variability in air pollution exposure in relation to socioeconomic indicators in nine European metropolitan areas: A study on environmental inequality. Environmental Pollution, 249: 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.050

Santoro, M., Minichilli, F., Pierini, A., Astolfi, G., Bisceglia, L., Carbone, P., Conti, S., Dardanoni, G., Iavarone, I., Ricci, P., Scarano, G., Bianchi, F., & RiscRipro_Sentieri Group. 2017. Congenital Anomalies in Contaminated Sites: A Multisite Study in Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3): 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030292

Sawicka, E., Jurkowska, K. & Piwowar, A. 2020. Chromium (III) and chromium (VI) as important players in the induction of genotoxicity – current view. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/118228

Sazykina, T. & Kryshev, I.I. 2006. Radiation effects in wild terrestrial vertebrates – the EPIC collection. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 88(1): 11–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.12.009

Schacht, K. & Marschner, B. 2015. Treated wastewater irrigation effects on soil hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability of loamy soils in Israel. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 63(1): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1515/johh-2015-0010

Schecter, A. 2012. Dioxins and Health: Including Other Persistent Organic Pollutants and Endocrine Disruptors. John Wiley & Sons. 676 pp.

Scher, D.P., Kelly, J.E., Huset, C.A., Barry, K.M., Hoffbeck, R.W., Yingling, V.L. & Messing, R.B. 2018. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in garden produce at homes with a history of PFAS-contaminated drinking water. Chemosphere, 196: 548–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.179

Schneider, T., Vermeulen, R., Brouwer, D.H., Cherrie, J.W., Kromhout, H. & Fogh, C.L. 1999. Conceptual model for assessment of dermal exposure. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(11): 765–773. (also available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1757678/).

Schnug, E. & Lottermoser, B.G. 2013. Fertilizer-Derived Uranium and its Threat to Human Health. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(6): 2433–2434. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4002357

Schröder, J.J., Cordell, D., Smit, A.L. & Rosemarin, A. 2010. Sustainable use of phosphorus., p. 140. No. 357. The Netherland and Sweden, Wageningen University and Research Centre and Stockholm Environment Institute. (also available at https://ec.europa.eu/environment/natres/pdf/phosphorus/sustainable_use_phosphorus.pdf).

Schroth, A.W., Bostick, B.C., Kaste, J.M. & Friedland, A.J. 2008. Lead Sequestration and Species Redistribution During Soil Organic Matter Decomposition. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(10): 3627–3633. https://doi.org/10.1021/es703002b

Schwab, F., Zhai, G., Kern, M., Turner, A., Schnoor, J.L. & Wiesner, M.R. 2016. Barriers, pathways and processes for uptake, translocation and accumulation of nanomaterials in plants – Critical review. Nanotoxicology, 10(3): 257–278. https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2015.1048326

Schwabl, P., Köppel, S., Königshofer, P., Bucsics, T., Trauner, M., Reiberger, T. & Liebmann, B. 2019. Detection of Various Microplastics in Human Stool. Annals of Internal Medicine, 171(7): 453–457. https://doi.org/10.7326/M19-0618

Science Communication Unit, University of the West of & England, Bristol. 2013. Science for Environment Policy In-depth Report: Soil Contamination: Impacts on Human Health., p. 29. (also available at https://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/IR5_en.pdf).

Scopus. 2020. Scopus Analyze search results [online]. [Cited 7 May 2020]. https://www-scopus-com.accedys2.bbtk.ull.es/term/analyzer.uri?sid=1a1b17f109586aff2645020b01b7d206&origin=resultslist&src=s&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28ecotoxicology+AND+plastics+AND+aquatic+organisms%29&sort=plf-f&sdt=b&sot=b&sl=63&count=84&analyzeResults=Analyze+results&txGid=8c346acb6be7268c921f0dbbc2327b06

Séby, F. & Vacchina, V. 2018. Critical assessment of hexavalent chromium species from different solid environmental, industrial and food matrices. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 104: 54–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.019

Semple, K.T., Doick, K.J., Jones, K.C., Burauel, P., Craven, A. & Harms, H. 2004. Defining bioavailability and bioaccessibility of contaminated soil and sediment is complicated. Environmental Science & Technology, 38(12): 228A-231A. (also available at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es040548w).

Seneviratne, S.I., Corti, T., Davin, E.L., Hirschi, M., Jaeger, E.B., Lehner, I., Orlowsky, B. & Teuling, A.J. 2010. Investigating soil moisture–climate interactions in a changing climate: A review. Earth-Science Reviews, 99(3): 125–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.02.004

Serra, A.-A., Miqueau, A., Ramel, F., Couée, I., Sulmon, C. & Gouesbet, G. 2019. Species- and organ-specific responses of agri-environmental plants to residual agricultural pollutants. Science of The Total Environment, 694: 133661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133661

Sevostianova, E., Lindemann, W.C., Ulery, A.L. & Remmenga, M.D. 2010. Plant Uptake of Depleted Uranium from Manure-Amended and Citrate Treated Soil. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 12(6): 550–561. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510903353153

Sexton, K. 2014. Environmental justice. Encyclopedia of Toxicology, pp. 381–384. Saint Louis, UNITED STATES, Elsevier Science & Technology. (also available at http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bull-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1651791).

Shahid, M., Khalid, S., Abbas, G., Shahid, N., Nadeem, M., Sabir, M., Aslam, M. & Dumat, C. 2015. Heavy Metal Stress and Crop Productivity. In K.R. Hakeem, ed. Crop Production and Global Environmental Issues, pp. 1–25. Cham, Springer International Publishing. (also available at http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-23162-4_1).

Shakeel, A.I.M. & Amal, K.H. 2011. The socioeconomic impact of Arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 3(3): 65–73. (also available at http://www.academicjournals.org/JTEHS).

Shao, D.D., Wu, S.C., Liang, P., Kang, Y., Fu, W.J., Zhao, K.L., Cao, Z.H. & Wong, M.H. 2012. A human health risk assessment of mercury species in soil and food around compact fluorescent lamp factories in Zhejiang Province, PR China. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 221–222: 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.061

Shen, J., Yuan, L., Zhang, J., Li, H., Bai, Z., Chen, X., Zhang, W. & Zhang, F. 2011. Phosphorus Dynamics: From Soil to Plant. Plant Physiology, 156(3): 997–1005. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.175232

Shen, W., Zhu, N., Cui, J., Wang, H., Dang, Z., Wu, P., Luo, Y. & Shi, C. 2016. Ecotoxicity monitoring and bioindicator screening of oil-contaminated soil during bioremediation. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 124: 120–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.10.005

Shen, X., Chi, Y. & Xiong, K. 2019. The effect of heavy metal contamination on humans and animals in the vicinity of a zinc smelting facility. PLoS ONE, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207423

Shi, P. & Schulin, R. 2018. Erosion-induced losses of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals from agricultural soils of contrasting organic matter management. Science of The Total Environment, 618: 210–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.060

Shore, R.F., Taggart, M.A., Smits, J., Mateo, R., Richards, N.L. & Fryday, S. 2014. Detection and drivers of exposure and effects of pharmaceuticals in higher vertebrates. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369(1656). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0570

Shridhar, B.S. 2012. Nitrogen fixing microorganisms. International Journal of Microbiological Research, 3(1): 46–52. (also available at https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shridhar_Bagali/publication/285755879_Review_nitrogen_fixing_microorganisms/links/57904b0108ae0831552a6ac7/Review-nitrogen-fixing-microorganisms.pdf).

Silbergeld, E.K. 1998. Chapter 33 - Toxicology. Geneva, Switzerland, International Labour Office. [Cited 29 September 2020]. http://www.ilocis.org/documents/chpt33e.htm

Sinche, F.L., Nutile, S.A., Hartz, K.E.H., Landrum, P.F. & Lydy, M.J. 2018. Effects of type and quantity of organic carbon on the bioaccessibility of polychlorinated biphenyls in contaminated sediments. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 37(5): 1280–1290. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4073

Singh, N., Gupta, V.K., Kumar, A. & Sharma, B. 2017. Synergistic Effects of Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Living Systems. Frontiers in Chemistry, 5: 70. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2017.00070

Singh, R., Singh, S., Parihar, P., Singh, V.P. & Prasad, S.M. 2015. Arsenic contamination, consequences and remediation techniques: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 112: 247–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.009

Sinkko, H., Lukkari, K., Sihvonen, L.M., Sivonen, K., Leivuori, M., Rantanen, M., Paulin, L. & Lyra, C. 2013. Bacteria Contribute to Sediment Nutrient Release and Reflect Progressed Eutrophication-Driven Hypoxia in an Organic-Rich Continental Sea. PLoS ONE, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067061

Sizmur, T., Palumbo-Roe, B., Watts, M.J. & Hodson, M.E. 2011. Impact of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (L.) on As, Cu, Pb and Zn mobility and speciation in contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution, 159(3): 742–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.033

Skelton, R. & Miller, V. 2016. The Environmental Justice Movement. Natural Resources Defense Council. [Cited 25 January 2021]. https://www.nrdc.org/stories/environmental-justice-movement

Słojewska, A. & Gutowska, I. 2019. Contamination of food with cadmium and dioxins – influence on the human body. Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences, 65(3). https://doi.org/10.21164/pomjlifesci.598

Smejkalova, M., Mikanova, O. & Boruvka, L. 2003. Effects of heavy metal concentrations on biological activity of soil micro-organisms. Plant Soil and Environment, 49(7): 321–326.

Smith, P., Cotrufo, M.F., Rumpel, C., Paustian, K., Kuikman, P.J., Elliott, J.A., McDowell, R., Griffiths, R.I., Asakawa, S., Bustamante, M., House, J.I., Sobocká, J., Harper, R., Pan, G., West, P.C., Gerber, J.S., Clark, J.M., Adhya, T., Scholes, R.J. & Scholes, M.C. 2015. Biogeochemical cycles and biodiversity as key drivers of ecosystem services provided by soils. SOIL, 1(2): 665–685. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-665-2015

Smith, P.N., Cobb, G.P., Godard-Codding, C., Hoff, D., McMurry, S.T., Rainwater, T.R. & Reynolds, K.D. 2007. Contaminant exposure in terrestrial vertebrates. Environmental Pollution, 150(1): 41–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.009

Smith, S.J., van Aardenne, J., Klimont, Z., Andres, R.J., Volke, A. & Delgado Arias, S. 2011. Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850–2005. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(3): 1101–1116. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1101-2011

Smith, V.H., Joye, S.B. & Howarth, R.W. 2006. Eutrophication of freshwater and marine ecosystems. Limnology and Oceanography, 51(1part2): 351–355. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.1_part_2.0351

Smits, J.E.G., Sanders, G. & Charlebois, M. 2019. Response of a Small Mammal Population Postremediation for an Accidental Bitumen and Steam Release from a Wellhead in the Athabasca Oil Sands. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 38(7): 1542–1548. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4408

Smolders, A.J.P., Lucassen, E.C.H.E.T., Bobbink, R., Roelofs, J.G.M. & Lamers, L.P.M. 2010. How nitrate leaching from agricultural lands provokes phosphate eutrophication in groundwater fed wetlands: the sulphur bridge. Biogeochemistry, 98(1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9387-8

Soares, M.E., Vieira, E. & Bastos, M. de L. 2010. Chromium Speciation Analysis in Bread Samples. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(2): 1366–1370. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf903118v

Sobota, D.J., Compton, J.E., McCrackin, M.L. & Singh, S. 2015. Cost of reactive nitrogen release from human activities to the environment in the United States. Environmental Research Letters, 10(2): 025006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/025006

Sonne, C., Siebert, U., Gonnsen, K., Desforges, J.-P., Eulaers, I., Persson, S., Roos, A., Bäcklin, B.-M., Kauhala, K., Olsen, M.T., Harding, K.C., Treu, G., Galatius, A., Andersen-Ranberg, E., Gross, S., Lakemeyer, J., Lehnert, K., Lam, S.S., Peng, W. & Dietz, R. 2020. Health effects from contaminant exposure in Baltic Sea birds and marine mammals: A review. Environment International, 139. (also available at https://doaj.org).

Soto-Hernández, M., Palma-Tenango, M. & Garcia-Mateos, M. del R., eds. 2017. Phenolic Compounds - Natural Sources, Importance and Applications. InTech. 450 pp. (also available at http://www.intechopen.com/books/phenolic-compounds-natural-sources-importance-and-applications).

de Souza Machado, A.A., Kloas, W., Zarfl, C., Hempel, S. & Rillig, M.C. 2018a. Microplastics as an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 24(4): 1405–1416. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14020

de Souza Machado, A.A., Lau, C.W., Till, J., Kloas, W., Lehmann, A., Becker, R. & Rillig, M.C. 2018b. Impacts of Microplastics on the Soil Biophysical Environment. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(17): 9656–9665. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02212

Spalt, E.W., Kissel, J.C., Shirai, J.H. & Bunge, A.L. 2009. Dermal absorption of environmental contaminants from soil and sediment: a critical review. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 19(2): 119–148. https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2008.57

Sparling, D.W., Linder, G., Bishop, C.A. & Krest, S. 2010. Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles. CRC Press. 946 pp.

Spasiano, D. & Pirozzi, F. 2017. Treatments of asbestos containing wastes. Journal of Environmental Management, 204: 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.038

Spasic Jokic, V., Zupunski, L. & Gordanic, V. 2016. Probability Health Risk Assessment and Measurement Uncertainty Estimation Related to Internal Exposure to Natural Radionuclides from Soil. MAPAN, 31(2): 97–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-015-0161-1

Spencer, P.S. & Lein, P.J. 2014. Neurotoxicity. In P. Wexler, ed. Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), pp. 489–500. Oxford, Academic Press. (also available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012386454300169X).

Stammberger, I., Czich, A. & Braun, K. 2013. Genotoxicity. In H.G. Vogel, J. Maas, F.J. Hock & D. Mayer, eds. Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Safety and Pharmacokinetic Assays, pp. 1297–1315. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25240-2_57).

Steffan, J.J., Brevik, E.C., Burgess, L.C. & Cerdà, A. 2018. The effect of soil on human health: an overview. European Journal of Soil Science, 69(1): 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12451

Stelmach, I., Majak, P., Jerzynska, J., Podlecka, D., Stelmach, W., Polańska, K., Ligocka, D. & Hanke, W. 2015. The effect of prenatal exposure to phthalates on food allergy and early eczema in inner-city children. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 36(4): 72–78. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2015.36.3867

Stemmer, M., Watzinger, A., Blochberger, K., Haberhauer, G. & Gerzabek, M.H. 2007. Linking dynamics of soil microbial phospholipid fatty acids to carbon mineralization in a 13C natural abundance experiment: Impact of heavy metals and acid rain. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39(12): 3177–3186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.013

Stevenson, F.J. & Cole, M.A. 1999. Cycles of Soils: Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Micronutrients. John Wiley & Sons. 450 pp.

Stockholm Convention. 2021. Listing of POPs in the Stockholm Convention [online]. [Cited 22 December 2019]. http://www.pops.int/TheConvention/ThePOPs/AllPOPs/tabid/2509/Default.aspx

Stohs, S.J. & Bagchi, D. 1995. Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 18(2): 321–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(94)00159-H

van Straalen, N. 2004. Chapter 6 The use of soil invertebrates in ecological surveys of contaminated soils. Developments in Soil Science, pp. 159–195. Elsevier. (also available at https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0166248104800102).

van Straalen, N.M. & van Gestel, C.A.M. 2008. A stress ecology framework for comprehensive risk assessment of diffuse pollution. Science of The Total Environment, 406(3): 479–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.054

Straka, E., Ellinger, I., Balthasar, C., Scheinast, M., Schatz, J., Szattler, T., Bleichert, S., Saleh, L., Knöfler, M., Zeisler, H., Hengstschläger, M., Rosner, M., Salzer, H. & Gundacker, C. 2016. Mercury toxicokinetics of the healthy human term placenta involve amino acid transporters and ABC transporters. Toxicology, 340: 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2015.12.005

Strandberg, B., Axelsen, J.A., Pedersen, M.B., Jensen, J. & Attrill, M.J. 2006. Effect of a copper gradient on plant community structure. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 25(3): 743–753. https://doi.org/10.1897/04-582R.1

Strebl, F. & Tataruch, F. 2007. Time trends (1986–2003) of radiocesium transfer to roe deer and wild boar in two Austrian forest regions. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 98(1–2): 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.02.009

Sukul, P. & Spiteller, M. 2007. Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in the Environment. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, pp. 131–162. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. New York, NY, Springer. (also available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-69163-3_5).

Sun, H., Brocato, J. & Costa, M. 2015. Oral Chromium Exposure and Toxicity. Current Environmental Health Reports, 2(3): 295–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-015-0054-z

Sun, Y., Zhao, L., Li, X., Xu, H., Weng, L., Yang, L. & Li, Y. 2020. Response of soil bacterial and fungal community structure succession to earthworm addition for bioremediation of metolachlor. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 189: 109926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109926

Sunderland, E.M., Hu, X.C., Dassuncao, C., Tokranov, A.K., Wagner, C.C. & Allen, J.G. 2019. A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 29(2): 131–147. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-018-0094-1

Sutton, M.A., Oenema, O., Erisman, J.W., Leip, A., van Grinsven, H. & Winiwarter, W. 2011. Too much of a good thing. Nature, 472(7342): 159–161. https://doi.org/10.1038/472159a

Swan, S.H. 2008. Environmental phthalate exposure in relation to reproductive outcomes and other health endpoints in humans. Environmental Research, 108(2): 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2008.08.007

Tagami, K., Howard, B.J. & Uchida, S. 2016. The Time-Dependent Transfer Factor of Radiocesium from Soil to Game Animals in Japan after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Accident. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(17): 9424–9431. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03011

Tamme, T., Reinik, M. & Roasto, M. 2010. Chapter 21 - Nitrates and Nitrites in Vegetables: Occurrence and Health Risks. In R.R. Watson & V.R. Preedy, eds. Bioactive Foods in Promoting Health, pp. 307–321. San Diego, Academic Press. (also available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123746283000219).

Tang, J., Zhang, J., Ren, L., Zhou, Y., Gao, J., Luo, L., Yang, Y., Peng, Q., Huang, H. & Chen, A. 2019. Diagnosis of soil contamination using microbiological indices: A review on heavy metal pollution. Journal of Environmental Management, 242: 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.061

Tarafdar, A. & Sinha, A. 2018. Public health risk assessment with bioaccessibility considerations for soil PAHs at oil refinery vicinity areas in India. Science of The Total Environment, 616–617: 1477–1484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.166

Tasho, R.P. & Cho, J.Y. 2016. Veterinary antibiotics in animal waste, its distribution in soil and uptake by plants: A review. Science of The Total Environment, 563–564: 366–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.140

Tedoldi, D., Chebbo, G., Pierlot, D., Kovacs, Y. & Gromaire, M.-C. 2016. Impact of runoff infiltration on contaminant accumulation and transport in the soil/filter media of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems: A literature review. Science of The Total Environment, 569–570: 904–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.215

Thambirajah, A.A., Koide, E.M., Imbery, J.J. & Helbing, C.C. 2019. Contaminant and Environmental Influences on Thyroid Hormone Action in Amphibian Metamorphosis. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00276

The Collaborative on Health and the Environment. 2019. Toxicant and Disease Database. In: Health and Environment [online]. [Cited 8 October 2020]. https://www.healthandenvironment.org/our-work/toxicant-and-disease-database/

Tian, D. & Niu, S. 2015. A global analysis of soil acidification caused by nitrogen addition. Environmental Research Letters, 10(2): 024019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024019

Tian, Y. & Zhang, H. 2016. Producing biogas from agricultural residues generated during phytoremediation process: Possibility, threshold, and challenges. International Journal of Green Energy, 13(15): 1556–1563. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2016.1206017

Tiecher, T.L., Ceretta, C.A., Ferreira, P.A.A., Lourenzi, C.R., Tiecher, T., Girotto, E., Nicoloso, F.T., Soriani, H.H., De Conti, L., Mimmo, T., Cesco, S. & Brunetto, G. 2016. The potential of Zea mays L. in remediating copper and zinc contaminated soils for grapevine production. Geoderma, 262: 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.08.015

Tlustos, C. 2009. The dioxin contamination incident in Ireland 2008. Organohalogen Compounds. pp. 1155–1159. Paper presented at International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants, 1 August 2009. (also available at http://dioxin20xx.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/2009/09-235.pdf).

Tseng, C.-H., Lee, I.-H. & Chen, Y.-C. 2019. Evaluation of hexavalent chromium concentration in water and its health risk with a system dynamics model. Science of The Total Environment, 669: 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.103

Tsou, M.-C., Hu, C.-Y., Hsi, H.-C., Hu, H.-J., Özkaynak, H., Hseu, Z.-Y., Dang, W., Bradham, K.D. & Chien, L.-C. 2018. Soil-to-skin adherence during different activities for children in Taiwan. Environmental Research, 167: 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.028

Tsygankov, V. Yu. & Lukyanova, O.N. 2019. Current Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides in Marine Ecosystems of the Russian Far Eastern Seas. Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 12(6): 562–574. https://doi.org/10.1134/S199542551906009X

Turci, F., Favero-Longo, S.E., Gazzano, C., Tomatis, M., Gentile-Garofalo, L. & Bergamini, M. 2016. Assessment of asbestos exposure during a simulated agricultural activity in the proximity of the former asbestos mine of Balangero, Italy. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 308: 321–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.056

Tyler, G., Påhlsson, A.-M.B., Bengtsson, G., Bååth, E. & Tranvik, L. 1989. Heavy-metal ecology of terrestrial plants, microorganisms and invertebrates: A review. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 47(3–4): 189–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00279327

Tyrrell, C., Burgess, C.M., Brennan, F.P. & Walsh, F. 2019. Antibiotic resistance in grass and soil. Biochemical Society Transactions, 47(1): 477–486. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20180552

Udovic, M. & Lestan, D. 2007. The effect of earthworms on the fractionation and bioavailability of heavy metals before and after soil remediation. Environmental Pollution, 148(2): 663–668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.11.010

Ulbrich, B. & Stahlmann, R. 2004. Developmental toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): a systematic review of experimental data. Archives of Toxicology, 78(5): 252–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-003-0519-y

UN. 2017. Sustainable Development Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. In: Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform [online]. [Cited 25 June 2020]. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg3

UN. 2020. Map of the World. United Nations. [Cited 27 March 2021]. https://www.un.org/geospatial/file/3420/download

UN Water. 2020. SDG 6 Data. In: UN Water Data on SDG 6 [online]. [Cited 7 February 2021]. https://www.sdg6data.org/charts/Lines

UNEP. 2015. Sustainable consumption and production: a handbook for policymakers. Nairobi, Kenya, United Nations Environment Programme. 216 pp. (also available at https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1951Sustainable%20Consumption.pdf).

UNEP. 2016. Radiation: effects and sources. United Nations Environment Program. 68 pp. (also available at http://www.unscear.org/unscear/en/publications/booklet.html).

UNEP. 2019. Global Mercury Assessment 2018., p. 62. Geneva, Switzerland, United Nations Environment Programme, Chemicals and Health Branch. (also available at https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/27579/GMA2018.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y).

UNEP. 2020. Pollution. [Cited 5 February 2021]. https://wesr.unep.org/pollution

UNEP. 2021. Envisioning a chemical-safe world Environmental and health impacts of pesticides and fertilizers and ways of minimizing them. Summary for policymakers., p. 20. Geneva, Switzerland, United Nations Environment Programme. (also available at https://wedocs.unep.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34463/JSUNEPPF.pdf?sequence=3).

UNICEF & Pure Earth. 2020. The Toxic Truth: Children’s Exposure To Lead Pollution Undermines a Generation of Future Potential., p. 96. New York, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (also available at https://www.pureearth.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/The-Toxic-Truth-Childrens-Exposure-To-Lead-Pollution-UNICEF-Pure-Earth-2020.pdf).

United Nations, ed. 2011. Globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals: GHS. 4th rev. ed edition. United Nations. New York, United Nations. 561 pp. (also available at https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev04/English/ST-SG-AC10-30-Rev4e.pdf).

UNSCEAR. 2020. Radiation - frequent questions. In: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation [online]. [Cited 27 November 2020]. http://www.unscear.org/unscear/es/faq.html?print

UNSTAT. 2021. SDG Indicators. In: United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) [online]. [Cited 7 February 2021]. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2019/goal-01/

US EPA. 2013. America’s Children and the Environment. 3rd Edition edition. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 504 pp. (also available at https://wwwc.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/ace3_2013.pdf).

US EPA, O. 2014. Environmental Justice. In: US EPA [online]. [Cited 25 January 2021]. https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice

US EPA, O. 2015a. Exposure Assessment Tools by Routes - Dermal. In: US EPA [online]. [Cited 2 October 2020]. https://www.epa.gov/expobox/exposure-assessment-tools-routes-dermal

US EPA, O. 2015b. Risk Management for Phthalates. In: US EPA [online]. [Cited 21 December 2020]. https://www.epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca/risk-management-phthalates

US FDA. 2020. Phthalates. U.S. Food and Drug Adminsitration. [Cited 21 December 2020]. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/phthalates

Utobo, E.B. & Tewari, L. 2015. Soil enzymes as bioindicators of soil ecosystem status. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 13(1): 147–169. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1301_147169

Van Doorslaer, X., Dewulf, J., Van Langenhove, H. & Demeestere, K. 2014. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics: An emerging class of environmental micropollutants. Science of The Total Environment, 500–501: 250–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.075

Várallyay, G. 2010. The impact of climate change on soils and on their water management. Agronomy Research, 8(Special issue 2): 385–396. (also available at https://agronomy.emu.ee/vol08Spec2/p08s214.pdf).

Vaseashta, A. 2015. Life Cycle Analysis of Nanoparticles: Reducing Risk and Liability. DEStech Publications, Inc. 404 pp.

Ventorino, V., Pascale, A., Adamo, P., Rocco, C., Fiorentino, N., Mori, M., Faraco, V., Pepe, O. & Fagnano, M. 2018. Comparative assessment of autochthonous bacterial and fungal communities and microbial biomarkers of polluted agricultural soils of the Terra dei Fuochi. Scientific Reports, 8(1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32688-5

Verderame, M. & Limatola, E. 2015. Interferences of an environmental pollutant with estrogen-like action in the male reproductive system of the terrestrial vertebrate Podarcis sicula. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 213: 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.01.027

Verheye, W.H. 2009. Land Use, Land Cover and Soil Sciences - Volume VII: Soils and Soil Sciences - 2. EOLSS Publications. 294 pp.

Verlicchi, P. & Zambello, E. 2015. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in untreated and treated sewage sludge: Occurrence and environmental risk in the case of application on soil — A critical review. Science of The Total Environment, 538: 750–767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.108

Via, S.M. 2016. From Seed to Sky: Impacts of explosive compounds on vegetation across spatial and developmental scales. Richmond, Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University. (also available at https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5483&context=etd).

Victoria, K., Neema, K. & Martin, K. 2017. Risk of exposures of pesticide residues from tomato in Tanzania. African Journal of Food Science, 11(8): 255–262. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJFS2016.1527

Vijayan, N. & Abdulhameed, S. 2020. Cyanobacterial Degradation of Organophosphorus Pesticides. Valorisation of Agro-industrial Residues–Volume I: Biological Approaches, pp. 239–255. Springer, Cham. (also available at https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-39137-9_12).

Vogeler, I. 2009. Effect of Long-term Wastewater Application on Physical Soil Properties. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 196(1): 385–392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9785-x

Vorobeichik, E.L. & Pishchulin, P.G. 2011. Effect of trees on the decomposition rate of cellulose in soils under industrial pollution. Eurasian Soil Science, 44(5): 547. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229311050140

Vuong, A.M., Yolton, K., Dietrich, K.N., Braun, J.M., Lanphear, B.P. & Chen, A. 2018. Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and child behavior: Current findings and future directions. Hormones and Behavior, 101: 94–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.11.008

Walker, G., Mitchell, G. & Pearce, J. 2018. Pollution and inequality (Chapter 6). In A.R.H. Dalton, ed. Annual report of the Chief Medical Officer 2017: health impacts of all pollution – what do we know? Prof Dame Sally Davies, Chief Medical Officer, p. London, Department of Health. (also available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/chief-medical-officer-annual-report-2017-health-impacts-of-all-pollution-what-do-we-know).

Wall, D.H., Ritz, K., Six, J., Strong, D.R. & van der Putten, W.H. 2012. Soil ecology and ecosystem services. Oxford University Press.

Wang, C., Liang, S., Li, Y., Li, K. & Wang, X. 2015. The spatial distribution of dissolved and particulate heavy metals and their response to land-based inputs and tides in a semi-enclosed industrial embayment: Jiaozhou Bay, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(14): 10480–10495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4259-3

Wang, H.-T., Chi, Q.-Q., Zhu, D., Li, G., Ding, J., An, X.-L., Zheng, F., Zhu, Y.-G. & Xue, X.-M. 2019a. Arsenic and Sulfamethoxazole Increase the Incidence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Gut of Earthworm. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(17): 10445–10453. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02277

Wang, J., Zhang, X., Ling, W., Liu, R., Liu, J., Kang, F. & Gao, Y. 2017. Contamination and health risk assessment of PAHs in soils and crops in industrial areas of the Yangtze River Delta region, China. Chemosphere, 168: 976–987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.113

Wang, W., Gao, H., Jin, S., Li, R. & Na, G. 2019b. The ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on aquatic food web, from primary producer to human: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 173: 110–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.113

Wang, W., Ge, J. & Yu, X. 2020. Bioavailability and toxicity of microplastics to fish species: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 189: 109913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109913

Wang, Y., Shi, J., Wang, H., Lin, Q., Chen, X. & Chen, Y. 2007. The influence of soil heavy metals pollution on soil microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and community composition near a copper smelter. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 67(1): 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.03.007

Wang, Y.-F., Qiao, M., Wang, H.-T. & Zhu, D. 2019c. Species-specific effects of arsenic on the soil collembolan gut microbiota. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 183: 109538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109538

Wang, Z., Liu, H. & Liu, S. 2017. Low-Dose Bisphenol A Exposure: A Seemingly Instigating Carcinogenic Effect on Breast Cancer. Advanced Science, 4(2): 1600248. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201600248

Watson, S.B., Miller, C., Arhonditsis, G., Boyer, G.L., Carmichael, W., Charlton, M.N., Confesor, R., Depew, D.C., Höök, T.O., Ludsin, S.A., Matisoff, G., McElmurry, S.P., Murray, M.W., Peter Richards, R., Rao, Y.R., Steffen, M.M. & Wilhelm, S.W. 2016. The re-eutrophication of Lake Erie: Harmful algal blooms and hypoxia. Harmful Algae, 56: 44–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2016.04.010

Wei, W., Bonvallot, N., Gustafsson, Å., Raffy, G., Glorennec, P., Krais, A., Ramalho, O., Le Bot, B. & Mandin, C. 2018. Bioaccessibility and bioavailability of environmental semi-volatile organic compounds via inhalation: A review of methods and models. Environment International, 113: 202–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.01.024

Weitzberg, E. & Lundberg, J.O. 2013. Novel Aspects of Dietary Nitrate and Human Health. Annual Review of Nutrition, 33(1): 129–159. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161159

Werder, E.J., Engel, L.S., Blair, A., Kwok, R.K., McGrath, J.A. & Sandler, D.P. 2019. Blood BTEX levels and neurologic symptoms in Gulf states residents. Environmental Research, 175: 100–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.004

White, P.A. & Claxton, L.D. 2004. Mutagens in contaminated soil: a review. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 567(2–3): 227–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2004.09.003

White, S.S. & Birnbaum, L.S. 2009. An Overview of the Effects of Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds on Vertebrates, as Documented in Human and Ecological Epidemiology. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 27(4): 197–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/10590500903310047

WHO. 1993. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Forty-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives)., p. 64. WHO Technical Report series No. 837. Geneva, Joint FAO/WHO Exper Committee on Food Additives. (also available at https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/36981/WHO_TRS_837.pdf?sequence=1).

WHO, ed. 2000. Chapter 5.9. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Air quality guidelines for Europe. 2nd ed edition, pp. 92–95. WHO regional publications No. no. 91. Copenhagen, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. (also available at https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/123063/AQG2ndEd_5_9PAH.pdf).

WHO. 2003. Chromium in drinking-water., p. 13. Health criteria and other supporting information No. WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/04. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization. (also available at https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/chromium.pdf).

WHO. 2006. Dermal absorption. J. Kielhorn & International Programme on Chemical Safety, eds. Environmental health criteria No. 235. Geneva, World Health Organization. 197 pp. (also available at http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc235.pdf).

WHO, ed. 2009. WHO handbook on indoor radon: a public health perspective. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization. 94 pp.

WHO. 2010. Ten chemicals of major public health concern. In: World Health Organization [online]. [Cited 4 August 2020]. http://www.who.int/ipcs/assessment/public_health/chemicals_phc/en/

WHO. 2011. Evaluations of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives - Lead. In: JECFA [online]. [Cited 27 March 2020]. https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/chemical.aspx?chemID=3511

WHO, ed. 2014. Chrysotile asbestos. Geneva, World Health Organization. 44 pp.

WHO. 2016a. Indicator Deaths attributable to the environment (%). In: The Global Health Observatory Indicators [online]. [Cited 1 July 2020]. https://www.who.int/data/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent/monitor

WHO. 2016b. Ionizing radiation, health effects and protective measures. In: World Health Organization [online]. [Cited 24 November 2020]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ionizing-radiation-health-effects-and-protective-measures

WHO. 2016c. Dioxins and their effects on human health. In: WHO Facsheets [online]. [Cited 17 December 2020]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dioxins-and-their-effects-on-human-health

WHO. 2017a. Recycling used lead-acid batteries: health considerations., p. 56. Geneva, Switzerland. (also available at https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259447/9789241512855-eng.pdf;jsessionid=DE707557C9481D70B0254A6C19800F1A?sequence=1).

WHO. 2017b. Mercury and health. In: World Health Organization [online]. [Cited 22 September 2020]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mercury-and-health

WHO. 2017c. Ostrava Declaration. Declaration of the Sixth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. [Cited 25 January 2021]. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/341944/OstravaDeclaration_SIGNED.pdf

WHO. 2018a. Soil-transmitted helminth infections. In: World Health Organization [online]. [Cited 25 June 2020]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections

WHO. 2018b. Arsenic [online]. [Cited 4 August 2020]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/arsenic

WHO. 2019a. Lead poisoning and health. In: World Health Organization [online]. [Cited 7 August 2020]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health

WHO. 2019b. Asbestos. In: International Programme on Chemical Safety [online]. [Cited 1 December 2020]. http://www.who.int/ipcs/assessment/public_health/asbestos/en/

WHO. 2020a. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to the environment (%). In: The Global Health Observatory Indicators [online]. [Cited 24 June 2020]. https://www.who.int/data/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent/monitor

WHO. 2020b. Cancer. In: World Health Organization [online]. [Cited 24 September 2020]. https://www.who.int/westernpacific/health-topics/cancer

WHO & FAO. 2018. Codex Alimentarius: understanding Codex.. 5th edition edition. Rome, Italy, World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 52 pp. (also available at http://www.fao.org/3/ca1176en/CA1176EN.pdf).

WHO, International Programme on Chemical Safety & Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals, eds. 2003. Polychlorinated biphenyls: human health aspects. Consise international chemical assessment document No. 55. Geneva, World Health Organization. 64 pp.

WHO, IPCS & IOMC, eds. 2014. Dermal exposure. Environmental health criteria No. 242. Geneva, World Health Organization. 503 pp.

WHO Regional Office for Europe. 2010. Environment and health risks: a review of the influence and effects of social inequalities., p. 268. Copenhagen, Denmark, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. (also available at https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/78069/E93670.pdf).

WHO & UNICEF. 2017. Open defecation global database. In: Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP) [online]. [Cited 8 July 2020]. https://washdata.org/open-defecation

Wiedner, K. & Polifka, S. 2020. Effects of microplastic and microglass particles on soil microbial community structure in an arable soil (Chernozem). SOIL, 6(2): 315–324. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-315-2020

Wigle, D.T., Arbuckle, T.E., Turner, M.C., Bérubé, A., Yang, Q., Liu, S. & Krewski, D. 2008. Epidemiologic Evidence of Relationships Between Reproductive and Child Health Outcomes and Environmental Chemical Contaminants. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 11(5–6): 373–517. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937400801921320

Wijnhoven, S., Leuven, R.S.E.W., van der Velde, G., Jungheim, G., Koelemij, E.I., de Vries, F.T., Eijsackers, H.J.P. & Smits, A.J.M. 2007. Heavy-Metal Concentrations in Small Mammals from a Diffusely Polluted Floodplain: Importance of Species- and Location-Specific Characteristics. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 52(4): 603–613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-006-0124-1

Wilkinson, J.L., Hooda, P.S., Barker, J., Barton, S. & Swinden, J. 2016. Ecotoxic pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and other emerging contaminants: A review of environmental, receptor-mediated, developmental, and epigenetic toxicity with discussion of proposed toxicity to humans. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 46(4): 336–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2015.1096876

Wilson, C. & Tisdell, C. 2001. Why farmers continue to use pesticides despite environmental, health and sustainability costs. Ecological Economics, 39(3): 449–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(01)00238-5

Winneke, G. 2011. Developmental aspects of environmental neurotoxicology: lessons from lead and polychlorinated biphenyls. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 308(1–2): 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2011.05.020

Wolfe, C., Buck, B., Miller, A., Lockey, J., Weis, C., Weissman, D., Jonesi, A. & Ryan, P. 2017. Exposure to naturally occurring mineral fibers due to off-road vehicle use: A review. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 220(8): 1230–1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.07.003

Wolińska, A. & Stępniewska, Z. 2012. Dehydrogenase Activity in the Soil Environment. Dehydrogenases. https://doi.org/10.5772/48294

World Bank. 2019. Total Population Data by country. In: World Bank Data [online]. [Cited 19 January 2020]. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL

World Bank. 2020. Vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate). In: The World Bank Data [online]. [Cited 7 February 2021]. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.VULN.FE.ZS?view=map

Wu, G., Kang, H., Zhang, X., Shao, H., Chu, L. & Ruan, C. 2010. A critical review on the bio-removal of hazardous heavy metals from contaminated soils: Issues, progress, eco-environmental concerns and opportunities. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 174(1–3): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.113

Wu, M.-L., Deng, J.-F., Tsai, W.-J., Ger, J., Wong, S.-S. & Li, H.-P. 2001. Food Poisoning Due to Methamidophos-Contaminated Vegetables. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology, 39(4): 333–336. https://doi.org/10.1081/CLT-100105150

Wu, Z., He, C., Han, W., Song, J., Li, H., Zhang, Y., Jing, X. & Wu, W. 2020. Exposure pathways, levels and toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in humans: A review. Environmental Research, 187: 109531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109531

Wurtsbaugh, W.A., Paerl, H.W. & Dodds, W.K. 2019. Nutrients, eutrophication and harmful algal blooms along the freshwater to marine continuum. WIREs Water, 6(5): e1373. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1373

Xiang, Q., Zhu, D., Chen, Q.-L., O’Connor, P., Yang, X.-R., Qiao, M. & Zhu, Y.-G. 2019. Adsorbed Sulfamethoxazole Exacerbates the Effects of Polystyrene (∼2 μm) on Gut Microbiota and the Antibiotic Resistome of a Soil Collembolan. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(21): 12823–12834. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04795

Xu, L., Polya, D.A., Li, Q. & Mondal, D. 2020. Association of low-level inorganic arsenic exposure from rice with age-standardized mortality risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in England and Wales. The Science of the Total Environment, 743: 140534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140534

Xu, Y., Seshadri, B., Sarkar, B., Wang, H., Rumpel, C., Sparks, D., Farrell, M., Hall, T., Yang, X. & Bolan, N. 2018. Biochar modulates heavy metal toxicity and improves microbial carbon use efficiency in soil. Science of The Total Environment, 621: 148–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.214

Xu, Y., Yu, W., Ma, Q., Wang, J., Zhou, H. & Jiang, C. 2016. The combined effect of sulfadiazine and copper on soil microbial activity and community structure. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 134: 43–52.

Xue, T. & Zhang, Q. 2018. Associating ambient exposure to fine particles and human fertility rates in China. Environmental Pollution, 235: 497–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.009

Xun, F., Xie, B., Liu, S. & Guo, C. 2015. Effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on oats in saline-alkali soil contaminated by petroleum to enhance phytoremediation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(1): 598–608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3396-4

Yablokov, A.V., Nesterenko, V.B., Nesterenko, A.V. & Preobrazenskaya., N.G., eds. 2016. Chernobyl: consequences of the catastrophe for people and environment: 1986-2016. Moscow, the RF, Society of the Scientific Research. 826 pp. (also available at https://www.yabloko.ru/chernobyl-book).

Yamashita, N., Kannan, K., Taniyasu, S., Horii, Y., Okazawa, T., Petrick, G. & Gamo, T. 2004. Analysis of Perfluorinated Acids at Parts-Per-Quadrillion Levels in Seawater Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Environmental Science & Technology, 38(21): 5522–5528. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0492541

Yamashita, N., Taniyasu, S., Petrick, G., Wei, S., Gamo, T., Lam, P.K.S. & Kannan, K. 2008. Perfluorinated acids as novel chemical tracers of global circulation of ocean waters. Chemosphere, 70(7): 1247–1255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.07.079

Yan, Y., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., van Veen, J.A. & Kuramae, E.E. 2019. Environmental filtering: A case of bacterial community assembly in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 136: 107531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107531

Yang, J., Zhao, Y., Li, M., Du, M., Li, X. & Li, Y. 2019. A Review of a Class of Emerging Contaminants: The Classification, Distribution, Intensity of Consumption, Synthesis Routes, Environmental Effects and Expectation of Pollution Abatement to Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(12): 2874. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20122874

Yang, Y., He, C., Huang, L., Ban, Y. & Tang, M. 2017. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on glomalin-related soil protein distribution, aggregate stability and their relationships with soil properties at different soil depths in lead-zinc contaminated area. PLOS ONE, 12(8): e0182264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182264

Yorifuji, T., Kato, T., Kado, Y., Tokinobu, A., Yamakawa, M., Tsuda, T. & Sanada, S. 2015. Intrauterine Exposure to Methylmercury and Neurocognitive Functions: Minamata Disease. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 70(5): 297–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2014.904268

Yoschenko, V.I., Kashparov, V.A., Protsak, V.P., Lundin, S.M., Levchuk, S.E., Kadygrib, A.M., Zvarich, S.I., Khomutinin, Yu.V., Maloshtan, I.M., Lanshin, V.P., Kovtun, M.V. & Tschiersch, J. 2006. Resuspension and redistribution of radionuclides during grassland and forest fires in the Chernobyl exclusion zone: part I. Fire experiments. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 86(2): 143–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.08.003

Young, S.L. & Miller, J.D. 2019. Medicine Beneath Your Feet: A Biocultural Examination of the Risks and Benefits of Geophagy. Clays and Clay Minerals, 67(1): 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42860-018-0004-6

Yu, H., Fan, P., Hou, J., Dang, Q., Cui, D., Xi, B. & Tan, W. 2020. Inhibitory effect of microplastics on soil extracellular enzymatic activities by changing soil properties and direct adsorption: An investigation at the aggregate-fraction level. Environmental Pollution, 267: 115544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115544

Yu, Y., Lin, B., Chen, X., Qiao, J., Li, L., Liang, Y., Zhang, G., Jia, Y., Zhou, X., Chen, C. & Kan, H. 2019. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human serum, semen and indoor dust: Effects on hormones balance and semen quality. Science of The Total Environment, 671: 1017–1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.319

Yueh, M.-F. & Tukey, R.H. 2016. Triclosan: A Widespread Environmental Toxicant with Many Biological Effects. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 56(1): 251–272. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103417

Yung, L., Bertheau, C., Cazaux, D., Regier, N., Slaveykova, V.I. & Chalot, M. 2019. Insect Life Traits Are Key Factors in Mercury Accumulation and Transfer within the Terrestrial Food Web. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(19): 11122–11132. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04102

Zabel, F., Delzeit, R., Schneider, J.M., Seppelt, R., Mauser, W. & Václavík, T. 2019. Global impacts of future cropland expansion and intensification on agricultural markets and biodiversity. Nature Communications, 10(1): 2844. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10775-z

Zaitsev, A.S., Gongalsky, K.B., Nakamori, T. & Kaneko, N. 2014. Ionizing radiation effects on soil biota: Application of lessons learned from Chernobyl accident for radioecological monitoring. Pedobiologia, 57(1): 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2013.09.005

Zaki, M.S., Hammam, A.M., Yousef, R.A., Fawzi, O. & Shalaby, S.S. 2015. Phenols and phenolic compounds: sources, routes of exposure and mode of action. Advances in Environmental Biology, 9(8): 49–58. (also available at https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=19950756&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA440552390&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs).

Zarrintab, M. & Mirzaei, R. 2017. Evaluation of some factors influencing on variability in bioaccumulation of heavy metals in rodents species: Rombomys opimus and Rattus norvegicus from central Iran. Chemosphere, 169: 194–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.056

Zhang, G.S. & Liu, Y.F. 2018. The distribution of microplastics in soil aggregate fractions in southwestern China. Science of The Total Environment, 642: 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.004

Zhang, H., Zhou, Y., Huang, Y., Wu, L., Liu, X. & Luo, Y. 2016. Residues and risks of veterinary antibiotics in protected vegetable soils following application of different manures. Chemosphere, 152: 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.111

Zhang, K., Zhao, Y. & Fent, K. 2020. Cardiovascular drugs and lipid regulating agents in surface waters at global scale: Occurrence, ecotoxicity and risk assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 729: 138770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138770

Zhang, L., Liu, X., Meng, G., Chi, M., Li, J., Yin, S., Zhao, Y. & Wu, Y. 2018. Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Environment International, 115: 127–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.012

Zhang, X., Liu, Z., Luc, N.T., Liang, X. & Liu, X. 2015. Dynamics of the biological properties of soil and the nutrient release of Amorpha fruticosa L. litter in soil polluted by crude oil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(21): 16749–16757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4874-z

Zhang, X., Zhou, W., Liu, H., Bai, E., Zhang, J. & Liu, Z. 2019. Dynamics of the remediating effects of plant litter on the biological and chemical properties of petroleum-contaminated soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(13): 12765–12775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04834-7

Zhao, F., Yang, L., Chen, L., Li, S. & Sun, L. 2019. Bioaccumulation of antibiotics in crops under long-term manure application: Occurrence, biomass response and human exposure. Chemosphere, 219: 882–895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.076

Zheng, J., Noller, B., Huynh, T., Ng, J., Taga, R., Diacomanolis, V. & Harris, H. 2021. How the population in Mount Isa is living with lead exposure from mining activities. The Extractive Industries and Society, 8(1): 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.11.008

Zhou, T., Wu, L., Luo, Y. & Christie, P. 2018. Effects of organic matter fraction and compositional changes on distribution of cadmium and zinc in long-term polluted paddy soils. Environmental Pollution, 232: 514–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.081

Zhou, Z., Liu, J., Zeng, H., Zhang, T. & Chen, X. 2020. How does soil pollution risk perception affect farmers’ pro-environmental behavior? The role of income level. Journal of Environmental Management, 270: 110806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110806

Zhu, F., Zhu, C., Wang, C. & Gu, C. 2019. Occurrence and Ecological Impacts of Microplastics in Soil Systems: A Review. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 102(6): 741–749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-019-02623-z

Zielinski, J.M. & Jiang, H. 2014. World Map of National Residential Radon Levels. Ottawa, Canada, University of Ottawa. (also available at http://www.mclaughlincentre.ca/research/map.shtml).