Abstract
Production of the Lake Chad is about 100 000 tons/year of fresh fish; since the drought, however, there was a rise of the tonnage up to 140 000 tons. Over 40 000 fishermen and their families live on the lake fishery products and there is an important trade with the neighbouring countries. The drought has deeply modified both the lake flora and fauna and caused the disappearance of numerous fish species. Total production after a maximum will decline rapidly if the level of the lake still decreases and the stocks will be reduced before a further rise of the level of the lake. Long-term projects include the development of new centres, improvement of fish processing and fishing methods, boatbuilding and mechanization of the boats, and organization of training and teaching at all levels.
Abstract
Inland fisheries are practised in rivers and lagoons. Not all the existing streams are permanent and they are fished at the rising and lowering of the floods, as happens with floodplains. In Southern Dahomey there is a network of brackish lagoons which are progressively desalted during the rainy season. An increasing deficit in animal proteins has been record for the last 15 years. During the same period (1958–73) the production of inland fisheries decreased from 38 500 t to 19 075 t. Not all the streams have been affected. The effects the drought were not immediate, but it has been observed that the Dahomean Basin of the Niger is no longer flooded.
The average consumption of fish per person per year is about 0.015 kg. Fish is consumed principally in Addis Ababa and Asmara and 95 percent of the population do not eat fish at all.
The role of fish in food has been underestimated until the last few years. The plans of the Fisheries Division in order to exploit the fisheries resources include:
develop a programme for a proper exploitation of fisheries resources.
Ethiopian Government has attached high priority to the development of this sector in its previous Five-Year Development Plans.
La consommation moyenne de poisson par personne par an est d'environ 0,015 kg, principalment à Addis-Abeba et Asmara; 95 pour cent de la population ne mange pas de poisson du tout.
Le rôle du poisson dans la nourriture a été sous-estimé jusqu'à ces dernières années. Les programmes de la Division des pêches en vue de l'exploitation des ressources de pêches incluent:
formulation d'un programme pour une politique à long terme d'exploitation des ressources des pêches.
Le Gouvernement éthiopien a donné priorité absolue au développement du secteur pêches dans son Plan quinquennal de développement précédent.
Ethiopia is very rich in protein sources. The area of its water bodies divided by its population is considered to be one of the highest in the world. Despite this richness in water bodies the quantity of fish consumed within Ethiopia is very small by international standards (Atkins et al., 1965). In fact the average per caput consumption of fish is about 0.015 kg per annum (Atkins et al., 1965). The fish that is eaten goes mainly to the luxury markets in Addis Ababa and Asmara and about 95 percent of the population do not eat fish at all.
Fish, being one of the sources of protein, has a great role to play in the economy of the country. Nevertheless this role has been underestimated until the last few years. This rich resource can be used in promoting the economy of the country. Animal protein may be produced in ponds cheaply and in large quantities. This is important to the development of the national economy as low production cost means low prices, which in turn influences the general cost of living.
There are many factors that impede the development of the sector and some of these problems include:
one of the factors that limits the development of the country's fish industry is the size of the market. The amount of fish that is consumed within Ethiopia as mentioned above is very small. Some of the factors that account for the smallness of the size of the market are: the remoteness of the bulk of the population from the fish resources and their irregular expensive supply, low income, or in particular low purchasing power of the population; lack of appreciation of the dietary value of fish; unfamiliarity with fish as food; lack of suitable preservation methods;
another important factor that deters the development of the sector is lack of adequate studies of the fisheries resources. It is true that several surveys of the lakes have been made in the past, however, these studies have been found to be inconclusive. Consequently, it has been difficult to exploit the fisheries resources of the inland waters;
the primitive fishery technique which is being employed and the lack of sufficient trained personnel in the field are other factors which act as brakes to the development of the country's fisheries resources.
From the above situation, it is clear that in order to exploit the fisheries resources of the country it would be necessary to undertake studies regarding the biology of the fishes, fish catching and preservation, fish marketing and to assess the physical potential of the lakes and the principal rivers.
The main objectives of the Fisheries Division is to find ways and means on how to increase production of fish from inland waters. Therefore, the Fisheries Division tries to find some immediate and long-term solutions to the above mentioned problems which act as bottlenecks to the development of Ethiopia's fisheries resources.
In this project, the following are to be undertaken:
biological studies of fishes in their natural conditions
to determine the quantity and quality of fish that are found in these water bodies; and
assess their exploitable fish stock;
experimental study for fish culture;
investigate better methods for fish catching and preserving;
render better extension services;
make feasibility study of fish cooperatives;
develop a programme for the proper exploitation and long-term strategy of the country's fisheries resources.
Considering the above facts, the Ethiopian Government has attached high priority to the development of this sector in its previous Five-Year Development Plans.
Some of the most important policies outlined in these Five-Year Plans for fisheries include:
to evaluate in detail the fish potential of inland waters and prepare utilization programmes;
to improve catching and processing methods and to develop markets at a higher level;
to assist in the development of fishery cooperatives;
to provide credit; and
to organize training for the introduction and use of modern equipment.
It is hoped that when such projects are completed or are in their full swing, the country's fish production will increase considerably. Consequently, the per caput consumption of fish will increase which in turn will improve dietary quality of the people.
Name of Lake | Abaya | Chamo | Awassa | Shalla | Abiyata | Langano | Zway | Koka |
Locality | 5°50'N | 6°16'N | 7°4'N | 7°28'N | 7°37'N | 7°36'N | 8°N | 8°22'N |
37'E | 37°53'E | 38°26'E | 38°29'E | 38°35'E | 38°44'E | 38°49'E | 39°2'E | |
Altitude (m) | 1 285 | 1 283 | 1 708 | 1 567 | 1 573 | 1 785 | 1 848 | 1 593 |
Surface area (km2) | 1 161 | 551 | 129 | 250 | 205 | 230 | 434 | 255 |
Volume (km3) | 8.2 | - | 1.3 | 37 | 1.6 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 1.6 (max.) |
Max. length (km) | 71.7 | 36 | 17 | 27 | 21 | 23 | 32 | 26 |
Max. width (km) | 28.8 | 23 | 11 | 17 | 15 | 16 | 20 | 13 |
Max. depth (m) | 13 | 13 | 21 | 266 | 14 | 46 | 7 | 14 |
Perimeter (km) | 225 | 118 | 52 | 110 | 62 | 78 | 102 | - |
Lake type | eutrophic | mesotrophic | mesotrophic | oligotrophic | eutrophic | mesotrophic | eutrophic | mesotrophic |
Water colour | reddish brown | yellowish green | light green | dark green | dark brown | reddish brown | greenish yellow | greyish brown |
Trasparency (m) | 0.25 | 1.0 | 0.75 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
pH | 8.8 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 9.2 | 8.6 | 7.8 |
Major inlet river | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Major outlet river | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Name of Lake | Tana | Fincha | Haik | Hora | Babogaya |
Locality | 12°N | 9°32'N | 11°15'N | 8°50'N | 8°50'N |
37°22'E | 37°22'E | 39°57'E | 39°E | 39°E | |
Altitude (m) | 1 829 | 2 217 | 1 670 | 1 600 | 1 600 |
Surface area (km2) | 4 120 | 170 | 23 | 1.0 | 0.7 |
Volume (km3) | 28.4 | 0.9 | 0.87 | - | - |
Max. length (km) | 80 | 26 | 7 | 1.6 | 1.0 |
Max. width (km) | 64 | 11 | 6 | 1.0 | 0.9 |
Max. depth (m) | 14 | 6.8 | 88 | 35 | 60 |
Perimeter (km) | - | 91 | 22 | - | - |
Lake type | mesotrophic | oligotrophic | oligotrophic | mesotrophic | oligotrophic |
Water colour | yellowish brown | yellowish green | bluish green | dark green | dark green |
Transparency (m) | 0.7 | 2.0 | 6.6 | 0.7 | 2.7 |
pH | 8.0 | 7.1 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 9.3 |
Major inlet river | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Major outlet river | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Abstract
In spite of its 350 000 km2 of water bodies area (rivers and lakes), Ivory Coast relies on imports for its fish supply. This is not due to lack of fish but to insufficient exploitation. However, since the construction of the Kossou dam there seems to be an awareness of this situation and many requests are made to the Fish Culture and Inland Fisheries Directorate by local authorities for training local populations. The Directorate is faced with many difficulties, mainly financial, lack of adequate infrastructure and insufficient teams of fishery officiers for training the fishermen.
Abstract
In Mali, fish production is over 100 000 tons per annum. About 200 000 persons are involved in fish production and marketing. Mopti is the main fisheries terminal and trade centre. The present drought has impaired fish production and evidence of overfishing has appeared. Most of the fishery products are dried and smoked. Fish provides one third of the intake of animal protein in the country where the average consumption is 14.1 kg/person/year. The forecast increase of the population will raise fish demand by 30 percent in 1980. It is necessary to design and implement an optimal cycle for production, preservation, distribution and sale of the fishery products. For a balanced development of the fishery industries, the Governement has established a technical body “Opération Pêche” (Fishery Operation).
Abstract
Fish is a basic food in Mauritania and the disastrous effects of the drought have accelerated the adoption of fish as food by the whole of the Mauritanian population. At the present time, and for several years to come, it will remain the principal national source of protein. Before the drought, dried fish was an actively exported product. Inland fisheries face the following problems:
the drought.
Abstract
For several years enormous fluctuations have been recorded in the flow of the Niger due to the drought and to the increase of water utilization upstream. FAO estimated its production at 10 000 tons in 1970; the National Fisheries Service considers that the potentialities including its share of Lake Chad can reach 20 000 tons. The drought was the cause of a decrease of one third of the catches and of a change in quality of the fishes. The objectives for a rational exploitation of the potentialities are training of fishermen and increasing their number, stocking of water bodies with valuable fish species, family/school fish farming and organization of fishermen's cooperatives.
The general effects of the drought on Nigerian fisheries have not been as devastating as they have been on other sectors of agriculture. However, as a result of the decline in agricultural and livestock production, increased pressure has been placed on fish production and consumption. In order to reduce the widening gap between domestic production and effective demand for fish, the Federal Government has had to reduce the restriction on fish imports into the country. The long-term measures being taken by Government to increase local fish supply and in particular combat the effects of drought in the affected areas include the establishment of River Basins Development Authorities, Aquaculture, a packagetype of fisheries extension and improvement of fish processing, marketing and distribution.
Dans l'ensemble, les pêches du Nigeria n'ont pas autant souffert de la sécheresse que certains autres secteurs de l'agriculture. Néanmoins, du fait de la réduction de la production de bétail vif et de l'agriculture, la pression s'est accrue sur la production et sur la consommation de poisson. Afin de réduire la différence croissante entre la production domestique et la demande, le Gouvernement Fédéral a dû assouplir les restrictions sur les importations de poisson dans le pays. Les mesures à long terme prises par le Gouvernement pour augmenter la production locale de poisson et, en particulier, lutter contre les effets de la sécheresse dans les zones affectées comprennent la création de Services administratifs de développement des bassins des fleuves, l'aquiculture, un programme intégré de formation en matière de pêches, amélioration de la transformation du poisson, commercialisation et distribution.
Nigeria was one of the countries affected by the recent Sahelian drought which in some parts of the African continent has caused untold human suffering and an almost total collapse of the national economy. Although the effects were mostly felt in four of the Nigeria's 12 States, viz., North-Western State (Capital - Sokoto), North-Central State (Capital - Kaduna), Kano State (Capital - Kano) and North-Eastern State (Capital - Maiduguri), yet the situation was grave enough as to warrant emergency measures by the Federal Military Government, the State Governments concerned as well as members of the public at large. In fact, from the onset of the drought in 1972, the Federal Government alone has provided to date about £.N. 59 million1 for drought relief.
Apart from the grant for human relief, most of the Government relief activities have been concentrated on the rehabilitation and development of agricultural and livestock production. While it is true that these sectors are the ones most adversely affected in Nigeria, the long-term implications of drought occurrence especially on inland fisheries cannot be ignored. For this reason, fisheries development has been included in the overall national strategy to combat the effects of drought.
The contribution of fisheries to Nigeria's national economy is significant in two ways. Firstly, it is the fastest growing in the agricultural sector; this is shown by its contribution in value, to the gross domestic product which increased from £.N. 35.4 million (or 1.58 percent) in 1960–61 to £.N. 131.2 million (or 5.24 percent) in 1969–70. Secondly, of all the animal protein consumed in the country, about one third comes from fish (see Table I).
The current total fish supply to Nigeria from all sources is estimated at about 800 000 t per annum. Of this amount, approximately 640 000 t is produced locally while the balance is imported in form of frozen fish, stockfish, dried/smoked fish and canned fish. The effective total demand for fish in the country is about 1 million t per annum so that there is an unsatisfied market for fish.
The following figures indicate the sources of domestic fish production in the country:
Fishery | Fish Production in t (1972) | |||
Industrial | ||||
Coastal Trawlers | 5 000 | |||
Artisanal | ||||
Coastal and Brackishwaters | 396 800 | |||
Rivers and Ponds | 164 500 | |||
Lake Chad | 70 000 | |||
Kainji Lake | 8 000 | |||
Total | 644 300 |
Thus, inland fisheries (rivers, ponds and lakes) contributed approximately one third of the current fish production in Nigeria. A further breakdown shows that approximately 137 500 t (or 57 percent of inland fisheries production) come from the four Northern States affected by the Sahelian drought.
In general, the direct effects of the drought on Nigerian fisheries have not been too adverse. However, the impact which it has made on the various aspects of the fishing industry may be discussed under the following headings:
Effect on Fisheries Resources
Effect on Fish Consumption
(a) Effect on Fisheries Resources: The inland fisheries resources in the four Northern States which fall within the Sahelian zone are: Lake Chad, Kainji Lake and the rivers and ponds.
As is now well known, the drought has caused tremendous shrinkage (about 70 percent in 1973) in the water area as well as water volume of Lake Chad. As a result of this very low water condition, the fish have become more concentrated and extremely vulnerable to capture by gillnets. It was, in fact, reported that in 1972 and 1973 the catch per unit of effort increased by about 300 percent and about 420 percent respectively over the figure (6.09 kg/100 m2 net/night) for 1965–66 which was used as the base year. This is further confirmed by the fish flow leaving Malamfatori and Afunori on the Nigerian side of the lake (see Table II). The fear has therefore been expressed that when the lake returns to its normal level at the end of the drought, the fish population which is now being intensively fished would become more thinly scattered and hence a decrease in the catch per unit of effort as well as the total catch would result. In addition, it should be noted that the recession of the lake has also resulted in the elimination of a large number of part-time fishermen from the fishing industry. These have abandoned their boats for agriculture for the following reasons:
the offshore fishing grounds where water is still deep are now 20–40 km away;
fishing in the shallow and rather muddy water has been found to be laborious;
the general cost of production has become high (nets, engines, boats, etc.).
Although the recently-formed Kainji Lake does not fall within the Sahelian zone, yet due note has to be taken of the drastic changes that have occurred in the upper reaches of River Niger as a result of the drought. The fish production in the lake (area 1 270 km2 or 480 mi2) has fallen from 28 000 t in 1970–71 to about 10 000 t in 1973. This decrease has, however, not been attributed to the drought but rather to the normal changes that occur in the fish population in a man-made lake of this type. It is therefore assumed that the production from Kainji Lake would stabilize at 10 000 t per annum.
Many of the small rivers and reservoirs in the affected States dried up as a result of the drought. In areas where some pools of water remained, fishermen resorted to illegal methods of fishing which resulted in mass destruction of fish including young fish.
(b) Effect on Fish Consumption: The production of cattle in Nigeria is mostly concentrated in the northern areas where the effects of the drought have been most severe. There was therefore a marked decrease in livestock production and, also because of the drought, the importation of cattle from the neighbouring countries was reduced to near zero. Similarly, agricultural production in those areas suffered a serious set-back because of large-scale crop failures. The drought has consequently placed increased pressure on fish production and consumption owing to the decline in agricultural and livestock production.
Because domestic fish production is not able to keep pace with the increased fish demand, the Federal Government has had to liberalize its importation policy for fish as it has done for other essential food items. Thus, import licences are now being issued for the importation of stockfish. Also, the landings of frozen fish by the distant water vessels have been on the increase. This fiscal measure is aimed at stabilizing the market prices which otherwise could have gone up beyond proportion.
Various measures have been taken by Government to combat the effects of drought and these include:
Short-term measures - consisting of drought relief aid and grants;
Long-term measures - involving the establishment of River Basins Development Authorities.
While the short-term measures were mainly concentrated on agriculture and livestock, the long-term measures include fish production.
However, under the Third National Development Plan 1975–80, specific fisheries projects would be implemented by both the Federal and the State Governments which are designed not only to increase domestic fish production but also to improve the socio-economic conditions of the Nigerian fishermen. The main elements of a Fisheries Development Plan for the whole country include:
Artisanal Fisheries
Inshore Fishery
Fishery Infrastructure (Terminals)
Deep-sea Fishing
Inland Fishery (Rivers and Reservoirs)
Aquaculture
Fisheries Cooperatives
Fish Marketing (Processing, Storage, Distribution)
Man-power Training.
Those projects which are of direct relevance to the development of fisheries in the areas affected by the drought in Nigeria are briefly described hereunder.
National Accelerated Fish Production Project - which is aimed at bringing the benefits of modern technology to the masses of the Nigerian fishermen who are at present engaged in artisanal fisheries. The package deal approach will comprise:
provision of suitable craft and outboard engines;
provision of modern fishing nets and gear;
provision of facilities for servicing the engines and constructing nets;
introduction and active propagation of better methods of preserving and marketing fish;
banding fishermen into viable cooperatives and channelling Government assistance in form of credit through such organizations.
A capital expenditure of £.N. 6 million is envisaged for the whole project and Lake Chad is one of the production centres to benefit from the scheme.
Fish Seed Multiplication - As a result of the establishment of River Basins Development Authorities and the large-scale construction of irrigation dams in the agricultural sector, several thousand hectares of water area would be created which could be utilized for fish production. For instance, the Tiga Dam in Kano State alone would provide 20 000 ha of water reservoir. Other similar projects include the Bakolori Dam on Sokoto River in the North-Western State and Funtua and Katsina Dam Project in the North-Central State. It is therefore planned to construct large breeding centres/hatcheries so as to be able to produce enough fish fry for stocking the irrigation dams and reservoirs. A capital outlay of £.N. 1 million is earmarked for this aspect of aquaculture
Fish Storage, Processing and Marketing Scheme - Under this project, Government will assist in the establishment of facilities for fish storage, processing and distribution at strategic points in the country. One of such centres being established is at Baga in the middle of the western shore of Lake Chad. Already UNDP assistance to the tune of U.S.$ 737 500 has been secured for this project while Government contribution amounts to £.N. 1 687 355. The Project activities would include:
Analysis of the existing marketing system and identification of constraints;
Development of improved methods of fish handling and processing - cold storage complex, drying/salting/smoking;
Establishment of cooperative fish marketing system to handle fresh and processed fish;
Design and construction of improved boats for fishing and fish transport;
Provision of training in fish handling, processing, boatbuilding and other practical fishery activities;
Conduct a socio-economic survey with a view to determining the distribution of costs and profits and identification of constraints on the introduction of improved processing, better boats, fish transport mechanization and other methods of reducing the present high wastage.
The major constraints hampering a rapid fisheries development in Nigeria have been identified as follows:
inadequacy of capital for fisheries development projects;
inadequacy of infrastructural facilities;
inadequacy of trained man-power at various levels;
inadequate supply of inputs, especially boats, engines, nets and their accessories;
poor communication in the production centres affecting fish distribution and marketing;
lack of effective fishermen's organization in the artisanal sector;
development planning is seriously impeded by paucity of data on fish landings, fishing efforts and fish marketing, etc.
These major bottlenecks are being tackled as part of Government efforts to develop the fishing industry during the third plan.
Olalyide, S.O. et al., 1971 A quantitative analysis of food requirements, supplies and demands in Nigeria 1968–1985
Anon., Annual Reports of the Federal Department of Fisheries, Lagos
TABLE I
Nigeria: Livestock Products 1968–69
Commodity | Food 1 000 long tons | Net 1 000 t | kg/per caput year | Per caput consumption/day | ||
g | Calories | g of protein | ||||
Beef | 206.968 | 210.731 | 3.346 | 9.167 | 21 | 1.35 |
Goat meat | 90.625 | 92.273 | 1.465 | 4.014 | 5 | 0.56 |
Sheep meat | 30.000 | 30.545 | 0.485 | 1.329 | 3 | 0.16 |
Pig meat | 26.250 | 26.727 | 0.424 | 1.162 | 4 | 0.11 |
Poultry meat | 46.406 | 47.250 | 0.750 | 2.055 | 3 | 0.25 |
Offals | 162.620 | 165.577 | 2.629 | 7.203 | 10 | 1.15 |
Bush meat | 163.763 | 166.741 | 2.647 | 7.252 | 8 | 1.31 |
Eggs | 76.000 | 77.382 | 1.229 | 3.367 | 5 | 0.37 |
Milk (domestic production) | 188.075 | 191.520 | 3.041 | 8.331 | 6 | 0.29 |
Milk (imported) | 117.857 | 120.000 | 1.905 | 5.219 | 4 | 0.18 |
Fish | 657.079 | 669.026 | 10.622 | 29.101 | 18 | 2.56 |
Cheese (imported) | 1.605 | 1.634 | 0.026 | 0.071 | 0.03 | |
Total | - | - | - | - | 87 | 8.32 |
TABLE II
Fish flow from Lake Chad 1969–72
Year | Processed Fish (“Banda”, etc.) | Fresh weight equivalent (X3) tons | Nigerian share (tons) | |
Kilogrammes | Tons | |||
1969 | 6 140 500 | 6 045 | 18 135 | 12 090 |
1970 | 13 874 621 | 13 658 | 40 974 | 27 316 |
1971 | 23 173 791 | 22 812 | 68 436 | 45 624 |
1972 | 35 406 704 | 34 853 | 104 559 | 69 706 |
Note: The wet weight equivalent is derived by multiplying by a factor of 3 and the Nigerian share of the catch is calculated at ⅔ of the landed weight
Abstract
This report considers only the Senegal valley. Fisheries secure an important income to the populations of the zone: a source of food of high animal protein quality and a permanent work to a large part of the valley population. Due to the severe drought, there was a great decrease of fish resources during the last five years. The main constraints to the development of inland fisheries include: the drought which had a direct impact on fish breeding; the 40 to 60 percent reduction of the 100 to 120 000 ha area normally flooded; the rapidity of the withdrawing of the flood; the multiplication of fishing gear, mainly large dragnets and illegal reduction of mesh size. Long-term action is being undertaken to protect and develop inland fisheries in Senegal.
Abstract
Fresh, smoked and dried fish are imported from Mali, although local fisheries could supply the country through a rational exploitation of the water bodies. This would also bring a solution to local problems such as excess of manpower or unemployment. Fish is highly appreciated by the population and is in great demand as its price is much lower than meat price. There is a potential fish and fish products market of five million consumers. For a possible development, the adoption of adequate regulations, the equipment (fishing gear, boats, etc.) of the fishermen and their pooling in cooperatives, and the establishment of regional fisheries services are indispensable.
compiled by
G. Rude
Operations Service (FIO), Rome
Regional Project for the Review of Fisheries Problems in the Sahelian
Zone, comprising Cameroon, Chad, Dahomey, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Mali,
Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan and Upper Volta/ Projet régional pour l'étude des problèmes des pêches du Sahel, comprenant Cameroun, Côte d'Ivoire, Dahomey, Ethiopie, Haute-Volta, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Nigeria, Sénégal, Sudan et Tchad |
This information document was prepared for the Consultation on Fisheries Problems in the Sahelian Zone (Bamako, Mali, 13–21 November 1974). This Consultation has been preceded by a UNDP/FAO joint mission to the Sahelian Zone which is a first step toward realization of the objectives of the Regional Project for the Review of Fisheries Problems in the Sahelian Zone.
The purpose of this document is to provide a brief individual summary for each project of the countries which are participating in the Regional Sahelian Project.
Field posts and internationally recruited fishery experts are listed in each individual project sheet. The projects are divided into two categories: operational and non-operational.
International and regional projects covering the Sahelian Zone or part of it are also included in this document. This overall fishery picture aims at enabling the participants in the Consultation to better focus and coordinate future fishery programmes for the Sahelian Zone, taking into consideration the present status of inland fisheries projects with possibility of implementation or integration.
This document also shows, as a logical consequence of the present status of projects in the area, the scope for future development of fisheries and the possibilities of initiating various activities in the field of fisheries in some of the remote regions of the Sahel.
1 November 1974
Countries: | Cameroon, Chad, Dahomey, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Upper Volta | |
Government Cooperating Agencies: | 1) | Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought Control in the Sahelian Zone (CILSS) |
2) | Niger River Commission | |
Title of project: | Regional Project for the Review of the Fisheries Problems in the Sahelian Zone | |
Code: | UNDP/RAF/74/055 | |
Present status: | Operational | |
Main objectives: | To work out an action programme for the protection of the fisheries and the long-term development of fish catching, processing and marketing under both continued drought or normal rain conditions to prevent a drop in protein consumption in the countries of the Sahelian Zone and to increase availability of fish protein to the countries of the area in accordance with their development plans. |
Operational date: | 26 July 1974 | |
Contribution: | International - U.S.$ 75 000 | |
Staffing: | Post title: | man/months: |
Fishery Economist (Consultant) | 2 | |
Fishery Biologist (Consultant) | 2 | |
Fishery Biologist (Consultant) | 2 | |
Fishery Technologist (Consultant) | 2 | |
Review Meeting Experts | 4 | |
Project Operations Officer, and Alternate: | C.H. Clay/P.D. Proude | |
Contact Officers: | FII: W. Krone, FIR: R.L. Welcomme | |
Remarks: | UNDP/New York has approved an FAO/CIFA Mission to be fielded in October 1974 (6 October to 11 November) to evaluate the extent of the damage caused to the fisheries by the Sahelian drought. A consultation is to follow in November 1974 (Bamako, Mali, 13–21 November) to prepare an action programme and recommend measures for both immediate and further action. |
1 November 1974
Countries: | Most English and French speaking countries in Africa |
Title of project: | Regional Fellowships for Training Fishery Field Officers and Extension |
Code: | TF/INT/50/A (FH) |
Present status: | Operational |
Main objectives: | To provide funds for fellowships to enable the governments of the countries which have no adequate training institution in their own country to send trainees to those institutions existing in the region. |
Contribution: | International - U.S.$ 32 773 (Exact sum dependent on donations from national FFHC Committees and other donors) |
Fellowships: | 120 m/m in the field of field officer extension work |
Project Operations Officers: | C.H. Clay/P.D. Proude |
Contact Officers: | FII: J. Deltour/C. Nédélec |
Remarks: | Three fellowships have been completed and two are under way |
1 November 1974
Countries: | Regional1 | |
Title of project: | Lake Chad Fisheries Development | |
Code: | RAF/72/273 (UNDP) | |
Present status: | Operational | |
Main objectives: | To assist the four Governments, under the Lake Chad Basin Commission, in formulating a concrete proposal for further development of the fisheries in Lake Chad | |
Duration: | 1½ years NTE: 31 December 1975 | |
Contribution: | International - U.S.$ 265 000; | |
Government - CFA.F. 21 086 000 | ||
Staffing: | Post title: | man/months: |
Fishery Coordinator | 18 | |
Masterfisherman (under recruitment) | 12 | |
Consultants | 8 | |
Major equipment: | Fishing equipment (U.S.$ 20 000), 2 Landrovers (U.S.$ 12 000), 1 houseboat (U.S.$ 25 000), 1 Zedia motorboat (U.S.$ 5 000), 12 canoes with outboard motors (U.S.$ 11 000), 2 electric generators (U.S.$ 8 000) 1 prefabricated house (U.S.$ 20 000) | |
Fellowships: | 27 m/m in the field of boatbuilding and fishing techniques | |
Project Operations Officers: | R. Aubray/P.D. Proude | |
Contact Officers: | FII: A.M. Anderson, FIR: W.C. Beckman | |
Remarks: | The Project Document was signed on 19 June 1974 |
1 Chad, Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon
1 November 1974
Countries: | Liberia, Nigeria and Senegal | ||||
Title of project: | Acceptability Testing FPC (Fish Protein Concentrate) Type B | ||||
Code: | TF/INT 120 (NOR) | ||||
Present status: | Non-operational | ||||
Main objectives: | To establish whether the FPC Type B offered by the Norwegian Government is suitable, with regard to consumer acceptance and potential production in the developing countries concerned, for inclusion in WFP food aid projects | ||||
Duration: | 18 months | NTE: February 1976 | |||
Contribution: | International - U.S.$ 240 000 | ||||
Staffing: | Post title: | Incumbent: | EOD: | NTE: | Total m/m in PD: |
Team Leader (Nutritionist) | M.A. Tagle | 1/9/74 | 28/2/76 | 18 | |
Fish Processing Expert | 12 | ||||
Market Research Specialist | 18 | ||||
Project Operations Officers: | H.D.R. Iyengar/P.D. Proude | ||||
Contact Officer: | FII: W. Krone | ||||
Remarks: | The experts will be stationed in Rome and will undertake necessary travel to the selected countries where the acceptability tests will be prepared and implemented through the WFP assisted projects |
1 November 1974
Country: | Cameroon | ||||
Title of project: | Fishculture Development (Pre-project activity) | ||||
Code: | CMR/72/010 (UNDP) | ||||
Address: | c/o UNDP B.P. 836 Yaounde, Cameroon | ||||
Cable address: | UNDEVPRO, Yaounde | ||||
Present status: | Operational | ||||
Main objectives: | To assist the Government in organizing the two Fishculture Demonstration Centres and training the monitors in fishculture techniques | ||||
Duration: | 1 year and 4 months | NTE: 28/2/75 | |||
Contribution: | International - U.S.$ 80 000; | ||||
Government - CFA.F. 45 280 000 | |||||
Staffing: | Post title: | Incumbent: | EOD: | NTE: | Total m/m in PD: |
Associate Expert | (under recruitemnt) | 12 | |||
Subcontracts: | CTFT - Expert 16 m/m, Consultants 4 m/m | ||||
Major equipment: | 3 trucks (U.S.$ 15 000), 1 Landrover (U.S.$ 5 000), Radio Equipment (U.S.$ 3 200) | ||||
Project Operations Officers: | R. Aubray/P.D. Proude | ||||
Contact Officer: | FIR: Z.H. Shehadeh | ||||
Remarks: | This is a pre-project activity which will be followed up by the second phase Project with a duration of three years and a total UNDP contribution of U.S.$ 165 000. A two-months' mission is scheduled for October 1974 to finalize the Project Document. |
1 November 1974
Country: | Ivory Coast | ||||
Title of project: | Lake Kossou Fishery Development (Man-made Lake) | ||||
Code: | IVC/71/526 (UNDP) | ||||
Government Cooperating Agency: | Bandama Valley Authority (AVB) | ||||
Address: | c/o UNDP B.P. 1747 Abidjan, Ivory Coast | ||||
Cable address: | UNDEVPRO, Abidjan | ||||
Telephone: | 226371 | ||||
Present status: | Operational | ||||
Main objectives: | To assist in developing and exploiting the fishery of Lake Kossou through training local inland fishermen, developing landing facilities, establishing a system of ecological sampling and data collection, developing a fishery extension and information service | ||||
Duration: | 4 years | NTE: 31/7/75 | |||
Staffing: | Post title: | Incumbent | EOD | NTE | Total m/m in PD |
Project Leader | A.G. Coche | 1/5/71 | 31/7/75 | 51 | |
Fishery Dev. and Training Officer | G.T. Taylor | 3/4/71 | 30/9/73 | 30 | |
Fishery Biologist (Limnology) | S. Krzelj | 29/7/73 | 31/12/74 | 18 | |
Boatbuilder | R.G.Lefebvre | 24/1/70 | 31/5/74 | 24 | |
Inland Fishery Biologist (Associate Expert) | F.C. Roest | 26/11/72 | 31/7/75 | ||
Inland Fishery Biologist (Associate Expert) | R. Jocque | 10/3/74 | 9/3/75 | ||
Consultants | 44.7 | ||||
Subcontracts: | CTFT for training instructors at Bouaké Training Centre. Total value of subcontract U.S.$ 110 870 | ||||
Major equipment: | 1 general use boat LABEO (13 m - diesel), 1 survey fast boat HYDROCYON (9 m - diesel), 1 fishing boat TILAPIA (7 m - diesel), 2 trimarans (6 m - outboards twin). Outboard engines (4), vehicles (4), fishing gear, measuring and sampling equipment (U.S.$ 119 341) | ||||
Project Operations Officer: | C.H. Clay (Alternate: P.D. Proude) | ||||
Contact Officers: | FII: J. Fyson, FIR: R. Welcomme/H.F. Henderson | ||||
Remarks: | The Revised Project Document which extended project activities by 15 months to 31 July 1975, has been signed. |
1 November 1974
Country: | Mali | ||||
Title of project: | Fishery Development | ||||
Code: | MLI/68/005 (UNDP) | ||||
Address: | Fish Processing Project, c/o UNDP B.P. 120, Bamako, Mali | ||||
Cable address: | UNDEVPRO, Bamako | ||||
Telephone: | 23694/23723 | ||||
Present status: | Operational | ||||
Main objectives: | To assist the Government in improving the storage conditions of the unsalted dried fish in order to decrease the losses occurring through insect infestation, improving smoking of fish and packaging of fish products | ||||
Duration: | 6 years | NTE: 31/12/74 | |||
Contribution: | International - U.S.$ 252 600 | ||||
Staffing | Post title: | Incumbent | EOD: | NTE: | Total m/in PD: |
Fish Processing Technologist | A. Szabo | 1/1/69 | 28/2/70 | 14 | |
Fish Processing Technologist | H.J. Horn | 1/7/70 | 30/4/72 | 22 | |
Fish Processing Technologist | A. Szabo | 1/5/72 | 31/12/74 | 36 | |
Fellowships: | 13 m/m in the field of refrigeration | ||||
Project Operations Officer: | R. Aubray (Alternate: P.D. Proude) | ||||
Contact Officer: | FII: H. Lisac | ||||
Remarks: | Although no extension is envisaged, this might be discussed as a result of the Seminar on Inland Fisheries to be held at Bamako in November 1974. |
1 November 1974
Country: | Mali | |
Title of project: | Development of Small Impoundment Floodplain Fishery | |
Code: | - (UNDP) | |
Present status: | Non-operational | |
Main objectives: | To assist in preliminary investigation of the floodplains of the Mopti area with a view to developing the fisheries and recommending a concrete proposal for further development | |
Estimated operational date: | late 1974 | |
Duration: | 6 months | |
Contribution: | International - U.S.$ 25 000 | |
Staffing: | Post title: | m/m |
Consultant | 6 | |
Project Operations Officers: | R. Aubray/P.D. Proude | |
Contact Officer: | FII: A.M. Anderson | |
Remarks: | A draft Project Document was submitted to UNDP Resident Representative in Bamako on 19 September 1973 and approval from the Government is awaited shortly. |
1 November 1974
Country: | Nigeria | ||||
Title of project: | Kainji Lake Research (Man-made Lake) | ||||
Code: | NIR/66/524 (UNDP) | ||||
Government Cooperating Agency: | Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources | ||||
Address: | c/o UNDP P.O. Box 2075 Lagos, Nigeria | ||||
Cable address: | UNDEVPRO, Lagos | ||||
Telephone: | 26118 | ||||
Present status: | Operational | ||||
Main objectives: | Strengthening of capabilities for research on the fisheries and hydrobiology of Kainji Lake, on agriculture and on the public health and problems of the people directly affected by the Dam on the Niger opened in 1969 | ||||
Duration: | 6 years | NTE: 11 August 1974 | |||
Contribution: | International - U.S.$ 1 575 524; Government - U.S.$ 3 276 288 | ||||
Staffing: | Post title: | Incumbent: | EOD: | NTE: | Total m/m in PD: |
Project Manager | J.K. Smart | 1/3/72 | 30/4/74 | 81 | |
Fishing Technologist | K.E. Stride | 2/9/73 | 30/9/74 | 12 | |
Range Ecologist | T. Husain | 20/6/71 | 30/6/74 | 30 | |
Agronomist | S.N. Kaul | 15/11/70 | 31/7/74 | 42 | |
Public Health Coordinator (Epidemiologist) | (recruitment in process) | 12 | |||
Consultant (Irrigation Practices) | S.I.Zakhariev | 28/11/73 | 27/5/74 | 44 | |
Subcontracts: | Studies by foreign institutions, aerial photography (U.S.$ 18 251) | ||||
Major equipment: | Research vessel FAO 51 9.5 m; Boston Whaler FAO 52 5 m; Boston Whaler FAO 53 5 m; Boston Whaler FAO 54 5 m; Aluminium Skiff FAO 55 3 m; Aluminium Skiff FAO 56 3 m; 6 vehicles; fishing gear; limnological and field equipment (U.S.$ 101 031) | ||||
Fellowships: | 119 m/m including fishery biology | ||||
Project Operations Officers: | P.D. Proude/C.H. Clay | ||||
Contact Officers: | FII: C. Nédélec, FIR: W.C. Beckman | ||||
Remarks: | A Project Revision has been approved in principle to allow the completion of activities by several consultants: boat designer (3 m/m), aquarium laboratory consultant (1 m/m), and to allow two agriculture consultants to prepare a plan for irrigation development which might lead to the formulation of a follow-up mini-project. |
1 November 1974
Country: | Nigeria | ||||
Title of project: | Fisheries Development (Northeastern State) | ||||
Code: | NIR/68/016 (UNDP) | ||||
Address: | P.O. Box 329 Maiduguri, Nigeria | ||||
Cable address: | UNDEVPRO, Lagos | ||||
Telex: | Lagos 21372 | ||||
Present status: | Operational | ||||
Main objectives: | To assist the Government in developing the fisheries of the Northeastern State, in particular, introducing improved fishing methods, gear and equipment, fishing boats, providing practical training in the construction, use and repair of fishing gear as well as in the operation and maintenance of outboard engines and boats, also assisting fishermen and processors in improved fish handling and processing methods | ||||
Duration: | 2½ years | NTE: December 1974 | |||
Contribution: | International - U.S.$ 60 000 | ||||
Staffing: | Post title: | Incumbent: | EOD: | NTE: | Total m/m in PD: |
Fishery Officer (Fishery Development) | A.Stauch | 1/7/72 | 31/12/74 | 24 | |
Project Operations Officers: | R. Aubray/P.D. Proude | ||||
Contact Officer: | FII: C. Nédélec | ||||
Remarks: | This Project should be followed by the proposed large-scale Project NIR/74/001 (Improvement of Fish Processing and Transport on Lake Chad) |
1 November 1974
Country: | Nigeria | |||||||
Title of project: | Improvement of Fish Processing and Transport on Lake Chad | |||||||
Code: | NIR/74/001 (UNDP) | |||||||
Government Coopera ting Agency: | Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources | |||||||
Present status: | Non-operational | |||||||
Main objectives: | To increase the animal protein available for human consumption. The long-range objective is to reduce the present spoilage to a nominal figure by improving fish processing, handling and lake transport. The immediate objectives are: | |||||||
a) | Introduce a new drying method to replace the present fragile and very perishable “banda” | |||||||
b) | Establish the nucleus of a fresh fish trade through the introduction of ice | |||||||
c) | Introduce new boats that can eventually replace the present “coffin boats” and dugouts | |||||||
d) | Encourage the mechanization of fish transport on the lake | |||||||
e) | Encourage an equitable distribution of costs and profits that will reward fishermen for producing a better product and reducing waste |
Estimated operational date: | January 1975 | |
Duration: | 4 years | |
Contribution: | International - U.S.$ 737 500; Government 1 687 355 (local currency) | |
Staffing: | Post title: | m/m |
Project Manager | 36 | |
Socio-Economist | 45 | |
Fish Processing Technologist | 36 | |
Boatbuilder | 36 | |
Mechanic (Engine Repair Instructor) | 36 | |
Consultant (Ad Hoc) | 24 | |
Fellowships: | 30 m/m for Co-Manager, Socio-Economist, Fish Processing Technologist, Manager for Dormitory and Mess, Boatbuilder, Mechanic | |
Project Operations Officers: | R. Aubray/P.D. Proude | |
Contact Officer: | FII: W. Krone | |
Remarks: | This is a follow-up of the Fisheries Development Project (Fisheries Lake, North East). The FAO/UNDP Consultant Mission to review the Government request has just been completed, and a revised draft Project Document prepared at Headquarters and handcarried to UNDP, New York. |
1 November 1974
Country: | Nigeria |
Title of project: | Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Management Training School |
Code: | NIR/74/019 |
Present status: | Non-operational |
Duration: | 3 years |
Contribution: | International - U.S.$ 450 000 |
Project Operations Officers: | P.D. Proude/C.H. Clay |
Remarks: | The FAO consultants are expected to be recruited for a three-month preparatory mission, approval awaited from UNDP Lagos. The matter will also be looked into by the joint UNDP/FAO consultant mission visiting the country. |
1 November 1974
Country: | Sudan | ||||
Title of project: | Fisheries Development Adviser (South) | ||||
Code: | SUD/73/020 (UNDP) | ||||
Address: | c/o UNDP P.O.Box 913 Khartoum, Sudan | ||||
Cable address: | UNDEVPRO, Khartoum | ||||
Present status: | Operational | ||||
Main objectives: | To develop and improve the fisheries industry of the Southern Region through planning, assistance in the formulation of policy and programme in fisheries (including identification, formulation and follow-up of development projects). To provide assistance in the evaluation of the need for bilateral/multilateral assistance to fisheries development, and in assessing the requirements of the Fisheries Division in respect of personnel needs. | ||||
Duration: | 2 years | NTE: 30 June 1975 | |||
Contribution: | International - U.S.$ 68 000 | ||||
Staffing: | Post title: | Incumbent: | EOD: | NTE: | Total m/m in PD: |
Fisheries Adviser | E.G.R. Pike | 15/9/73 | 14/9/75 | 24 | |
Major equipment: | Non-expendable equipment (1 vehicle and small items for fishing and fish processing), total value U.S.$4 000 | ||||
Project Operations Officers: | P.D. Proude/C.H. Clay | ||||
Contact Officer: | FII: H. Kristjonsson |
1 November 1974
Country: | Sudan | |
Title of project: | Fisheries Training and Development, Upper Nile Province, Southern Region | |
Code: | TF/SUD/19 (DEN) | |
Present status: | Non-operational | |
Main objectives: | To set up a comprehensive training centre at Malakal through a training scheme using local instructors and facilities. To improve in future fish production in the Southern Region through training and improved methods of fishing and fish processing | |
Estimated operational date: | July 1975 | |
Duration: | 5 years | |
Contribution: | International - U.S.$ 1 485 700 | |
Staffing: | Post title: | m/m |
Training Officer | 66 | |
Masterfisherman | 60 | |
Fish Processing Technologist | 60 | |
Boatbuilding Expert | 60 | |
Mechanical Instructor | 60 | |
Biologist | 60 | |
UN Volunteers/Associate Experts - to be determined | ||
Contractual: Services: | For building of housing, training centre and boatbuilding shed - component total U.S.$ 145 000 | |
Fellowships: | 72 m/m | |
Major equipment: | Expendable and non-expendable equipment (U.S.$ 90 130) (12 outboard engines, spare parts, boatbuilding materials, 4 Landrovers, patrol launch and audio-visual aids) | |
Project Operations Officers: | P.D. Proude/C.H. Clay | |
Contact Officer: | FII: J. Schärfe | |
Remarks: | A revised draft Project Document is being finalized inthe Department to include the previously proposed smallscale bridging project SUD/74/005 (Interim Fisheries Training at Malakal) |