FAO FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL PAPER No. 520 Managing sea cucumber fisheries
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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
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© FAO 2010
Purcell, S.W. Managing sea cucumber fisheries with an ecosystem approach. Edited/compiled by Lovatelli, A.; M. Vasconcellos and Y. Yimin FAO Fisheries and AquacultureTechnical Paper; 520. Rome, FAO. 2010. 157p ABSTRACT Sea cucumbers are important resources for coastal livelihoods and ecosystems. At least
60 species are fished from more than 40 countries and most of the harvests are processed
then exported to Asian markets. Sea cucumbers generally appear to have slow rates of
population turnover and are easily harvested in shallow waters in the tropics. With retail
prices of up to USD300–500 per kg (dried), exploitation has often been indiscriminant
and excessive. Overfishing in recent years has led to local extinction of high-value species
in some localities and prompted closures of many national fisheries to allow stocks to
recover and to allow more sustainable management plans to be established. Apart from
a few developed countries, only a small number of sea cucumber fisheries are currently
being managed sustainably.
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Preparation of this document (Download 406 Kb)
Abstract
Contents
Contributors
Abbreviations and acronyms
Executive summary
Background
1. Foreword (Download 754Kb)
2. Sea cucumber fisheries
3. Fisheries management principles
and approaches (Download 356 Kb)
3.1 The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
3.2 The Precautionary Approach
3.3 The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries
3.4 Management objectives, indicators and reference points
3.5 The management process
3.6 A decision-making process for chosing the right tools
4. Defining regulatory measures
and actions – A roadmap (Download 152 Kb)
5. Regulatory measures (Download 434 Kb) - (Download 446 Kb) - (Download 1,215 Kb) - (Download 324 Kb)
5.1 Size limits
5.2 Gear limitation and development
5.3 Effort and capacity control
5.4 Catch quotas
5.5 Market chain licensing and reporting
5.6 Temporal closures
5.7 Area-based measures
6. Implementing management (Download 332 Kb) (Download 565 Kb) (Download 639 Kb) (Download 696 Kb)
6.1 Information for management
6.2 Institutional requirements
6.3 Legal requirements
6.4 Assign acountability
6.5 Enforcement
6.6 Education and communication with stakeholders
6.7 Improve quality of procesing through training
6.8 Restocking
7. Conclusions (Download 385 Kb)
8. References and further reading
9. Glossary
10. Annexes
Annex 10.1 Main species of sea cucumbers commercially exploited and traded
around the world
Annex 10.2 Examples of issues to take into account when considering regulatory measures and actions for implementing management
Appendixes
Appendix 1 - Fishery-dependent landing data sheet
Appendix 2 -
Data sheet for recording landings of fishers
Appendix 3 - A logsheet used in the sea cucumber fishery in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada