UGANDA - L. VICTORIA WATERS TRAWL MEAN CATCH RATES BY SPECIES, NORTHERN SECTOR
Species | 1968–71 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 |
510 hauls ca.510 hrs | 127 hauls 144.5 hrs | 191 hauls 223.4 hrs | 263 hauls 269.5 hrs | |
Haplochromis spp. | 668.20 | 543.30 | 294.34 | 270.84 |
Oreochromis esculentus | 29.79 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
O. variabilis | 1.04 | 8.70 | 1.97 | 1.07 |
O. niloticus | 3.36 | 13.60 | 6.56 | 5.03 |
O. leucostictus | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Tilapia zillii | - | - | - | - |
Bagrus docmac | 33.26 | 4.09 | 8.37 | 11.24 |
Clarias mossambicus | 32.60 | 15.07 | 7.16 | 4.32 |
Protopterus aethiopicus | 22.08 | 2.66 | 1.09 | 2.23 |
Lates niloticus | 0.96 | 5.02 | 42.08 | 57.47 |
Synodontis victoriae | 4.77 | 0.91 | 0.27 | 0.35 |
S. afrofischeri | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
Other species | 2.56 | 0.32 | 1.40 | 2.69 |
Total | 796.72 | 594.94 | 363.30 | 355.28 |
Source : Okaronon et al. (1984)
UGANDA - L. VICTORIA WATERS, MAJOR AND MINOR LANDING SITES*
Regions** | No. Major Sites | No. Minor Sites |
Masaka | 5 | 15 |
Entebbe | 8 | 17 |
Jinja | 13 | 38 |
Tororo | 1 | 5 |
TOTAL | 27 | 75 |
* SOURCE: Uganda Fisheries Department
** Sesse Islands, other islands and occasional landing sites not included.
UGANDA - PRICE INDICES REFLECTING SPECIES PREFERENCE BY REGIONS AROUND LAKE VICTORIA*
Regions/Species | Tilapia | Bagrus | Clarias | Protopterus |
Majanji | 55.8 | 41.5 | 60.3 | 52.8 |
Bugoto/Masese | 55.8 | 100.0 | 54.7 | 39.6 |
Kiyindi/Katosi | 49.0 | 73.5 | 63.4 | 24.9 |
Entebbe | 55.1 | 60.3 | 58.5 | 24.9 |
Namagobo/Kamuwunga | 49.8 | 54.3 | 45.3 | 18.8 |
Bukakata/Kalokosu | 49.0 | 75.4 | 38.5 | 17.3 |
Dimu/Kagera | 35.5 | 32.4 | 38.8 | 33.9 |
SOURCE: Kanyike (1972). Indices based on highest price = 100.
UGANDA - FISH PRICES RELATING TO THE KAMPALA MARKET
I. PURCHASE PRICES FOR FRESH FISH ( New ush.)1 | ||||
Species and origin | Purchase price paid by: | |||
Wholesalers/Transporters | Urban wholesalers | Urban retailers | Consumers | |
Nile perch (L. Vict.) | 15–20 | 25–30 | 30–35 | 40–50 |
Tilapia (L. Vict.) | 20–25 | 30–35 | 40–45 | 50–60 |
Tilapia (L. Kyoga) | 10 | 20 | 25–30 | 30–35 |
Others (L. Vict.)2 | 20–30 | N/A | 30–40 | 50–70 |
II. WHOLESALE PRICES FOR PROCESSED FISH (Old U.Sh.)3
Months | January 1987 | February 1987 | March 1987 | |||
Species/Origin | L.Vic. | L.Kyoga | L.Vic. | L.Kyoga | L.Vic. | L.Kyoga |
Nile perch | 8 561 | 2 331 | 9 690 | 3 382 | 10 224 | 3 685 |
Tilapia | 8 628 | 3 978 | 15 514 | 3 985 | 10 941 | 3 929 |
Bagrus | 9 600 | - | 11 178 | - | 11 037 | - |
Barbus | 9 306 | - | 10 000 | - | 10 003 | - |
Protopterus | - | 2 987 | - | 4 766 | - | 4 433 |
Clarias | - | - | 11 297 | - | 10 978 | - |
Mormyrus | 7 571 | - | 9 243 | - | - | - |
Synodontis | - | - | 10 368 | - | 10 843 | - |
Haplochromis | 1 518 | - | 1 741 | - | 1 237 | - |
3 SOURCE: UFD statistics for Kibuye and Nakivubo markets
UGANDA - L. VICTORIA WATERS, COST AND EARNINGS OF REPRESENTATIVE FISHING UNITS
(U.sh, July 1987)
I. NILE PERCH FISHERY, MOTORISED | |||||
Type of Unit (based on A.) | Most Common | At or Near Break-even Point | Well Above Average | ||
A. | Number of nets | 65 | 40 | 90 | |
B. | Investment | ||||
Canoe (8–9 m)1 | 32 000 | 32 000 | 37 000 | ||
Nets (1 600 U.sh/net)2 | 104 000 | 64 000 | 144 000 | ||
Outboard engine | 100 000 | 75 000 | 150 000 | ||
Total Investment | 236 000 | 171 000 | 331 000 | ||
Crew size3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | ||
Average engine HP | 15 | >10 | <15 | ||
C. | Gross Revenue | ||||
Yield per day4 | 195 | 120 | 270 | ||
Crew allotment5 | 10 | 8 | 12 | ||
Net yield per day | 185 | 112 | 258 | ||
Number days fishing6 | 290 | 280 | 300 | ||
Total yield per year | 53 650 | 31 360 | 77 400 | ||
Gross Revenue (15 U.sh/kg) | 804 750 | 470 400 | 1 161 000 | ||
D. | Costs and Earning | ||||
Repairs and maint.7 | 68 000 | 47 000 | 95 000 | ||
Fuel/day (lit;cost U.sh) | 20/750 | 15/562.5 | 30/1.125 | ||
Fuel costs8 | 217 500 | 157 500 | 337 500 | ||
Net revenue | 519 250 | 265 900 | 728 500 | ||
Crew salaries9 | 48 000 | 39 885 | 60 000 | ||
Salary/pers/month | 1 000 | 831 | 1 000 | ||
As % of net revenue | 9% | 15% | 8% | ||
Depreciation canoe10 | 6 400 | 6 400 | 7 400 | ||
" nets | 208 000 | 128 000 | 288 000 | ||
" engine | 20 830 | 12 500 | 25 000 | ||
Food for crew11 | 29 000 | 28 000 | 37 500 | ||
Miscellaneous, costs12 | 30 000 | 25 000 | 40 000 | ||
Net revenue to owner | 177 020 | 26 115 | 330 600 | ||
Opportunity cost of management13 | 20 000 | 15 000 | 25 000 | ||
Return to capital | 157 020 | 11 115 | 305 600 | ||
E. | Rate of return on invest. | 66% | 6% | 92% | |
Net revenue to owner/month | 14 751 | 2 175 | 27 550 |
II. NILE PERCH FISHERY, NON-MOTORISED | ||||
Type of Unit (based on A.) | Most Common | At or Near Break-even-Point | Well Above Average | |
A. | Number of nets | 25 | 15 | 40 |
B. | Investment | |||
Canoe (6–7 m) | 17 500 | 17 500 | 20 000 | |
Nets (1600 sh/net) | 40 000 | 24 000 | 64 000 | |
Total Investment | 57 500 | 41 500 | 84 000 | |
Crew size | 3 | 3 | 4 | |
C. | Gross Revenue | |||
Yield per day (kg) | 75 | 45 | 120 | |
Crew allotment (kg) | 8 | 8 | 8 | |
Net yield per day (kg) | 67 | 37 | 112 | |
Number days fishing | 280 | 280 | 280 | |
Total yield per year (kg) | 18 760 | 10 360 | 31 360 | |
Gross Revenue (15 U.sh/kg) | 281 400 | 155 400 | 470 400 | |
D. | Costs and Earnings | |||
Repairs and maintenance | 19 500 | 13 100 | 29 600 | |
Net revenue | 261 900 | 142 300 | 440 800 | |
Crew salaries | 39 285 | 21 345 | 66 120 | |
Salary/pers/month | 1 091 | 593 | 1 377 | |
As % of net revenue | 15% | 15% | 15% | |
Depreciation canoe | 3 500 | 3 500 | 3 500 | |
" nets | 80 000 | 48 000 | 128 000 | |
Food for crew | 21 000 | 21 000 | 28 000 | |
Miscellaneous costs | 20 000 | 15 000 | 25 000 | |
Net revenue to owner | 98 115 | 33 455 | 189 680 | |
Opportunity cost of management | 12 000 | 10 000 | 15 000 | |
Return to capital | 86 115 | 23 455 | 174 680 | |
E. | Rate of return on invest. | 150% | 56% | 208% |
Net revenue to owner/month | 8 176 | 2 788 | 15 806 |
III. TILAPIA FISHERY, NON-MOTORISED | ||||
Type of Unit (based on A.) | Most Common | At or Near Break-even Point | Well Above Average | |
A. | Number of nets | 25 | 15 | 35 |
B. | Investment | |||
Canoe (6–7 m) | 17 500 | 17 500 | 20 000 | |
Nets (1400 sh/net) | 35 000 | 21 000 | 49 000 | |
Total Investment | 52 500 | 38 500 | 69 000 | |
Crew size | 3 | 3 | 4 | |
C. | Gross Revenue | |||
Yield per day (kg) | 50 | 30 | 70 | |
Crew allotment | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
Net yield per day (kg) | 45 | 25 | 65 | |
Number days fishing | 250 | 250 | 250 | |
Total yield per year (kg) | 11 250 | 6 250 | 16 250 | |
Gross Revenue (20 sh/kg) | 225 000 | 125 000 | 325 000 | |
D. | Costs and Earnings | |||
Repairs and maintenance | 14 000 | 9 800 | 18 700 | |
Net Revenue | 211 000 | 115 200 | 306 300 | |
Crew salaries | 42 200 | 23 040 | 61 260 | |
Salary/pers/month | 1 172 | 640 | 1 276 | |
As % of net revenue | 20% | 20% | 20% | |
Depreciation canoe | 3 500 | 3 500 | 4 000 | |
" nets | 52 500 | 31 500 | 73 500 | |
Food for crew | 18 750 | 18 750 | 25 000 | |
Miscellaneous costs | 20 000 | 15 000 | 25 000 | |
Net revenue to owner | 74 050 | 23 410 | 117 540 | |
Opportunity cost of management | 12 000 | 10 000 | 15 000 | |
E. | Return to Capital | 62 050 | 13 410 | 102 540 |
Rate of Return on invest. | 118% | 35% | 210% | |
Net revenue to owner/month | 6 170 | 1 950 | 9 755 |
NOTES
4. Yield per day
Calculated on the basis of 3 kg/net/day for Nile perch and 2 kg/net/day for tilapia.
L. VICTORIA - ESTIMATED VALUE OF TOTAL PRODUCTION IN 1975 AND 1985
I. PRICE ESTIMATES (ex-vessel 1987 US$/t)1 | ||||||
Tanzania | Kenya | Uganda | ||||
Index2 | Price3 | Index | Price | Index | Price | |
Tilapia | 100 | 500 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 500 |
Nile perch | 52 | 260 | 37 | 185 | 70 | 350 |
Haplochromis | 26 | 130 | 35 | 175 | 20 | 100 |
Rastrineobola | 29 | 145 | 29 | 145 | 20 | 100 |
Others4 | 57 | 285 | 58 | 250 | 85 | 425 |
II. LANDING ESTIMATES (m.t.) | ||||||||
Tanzania | Kenya | Uganda5 | Total | |||||
1975 | 1985 | 1975 | 1985 | 1975 | 1987 | 1975 | 1985 | |
Tilapia | 5 442 | 10 651 | 642 | 9 442 | 5 600 | 10 000 | 11 684 | 30 093 |
Nile perch | - | 37 608 | 51 | 50 029 | 625 | 50 000 | 676 | 137 637 |
Haplochromis6 | 16 148 | 11 572 | 4 620 | 6 | 2 500 | - | 23 268 | 11 578 |
Rastrineobola | 2 000 | 8 000 | 4 548 | 25 866 | 25 | 100 | 6 573 | 33 966 |
Others | 23 003 | 31 075 | 6 720 | 3 246 | 1625- | 9 900 | 45 973 | 44 221 |
TOTAL | 46 593 | 98 906 | 16 581 | 88 589 | 25 000 | 70 000 | 88 174 | 257 495 |
III. ESTIMATED OF LANDINGS ('000 1987 US$) | ||||||||
Tilapia | 2 721 | 5 325 | 321 | 4 721 | 2 800 | 5 000 | 5 842 | 15 046 |
Nile perch | - | 9 778 | 9 | 9 255 | 218 | 17 500 | 227 | 36 533 |
Haplochromis | 2 099 | 1 504 | 808 | 1 | 250 | - | 3 157 | 1 505 |
Rastrineobola | 290 | 1 160 | 659 | 3 750 | 2 | 10 | 951 | 4 920 |
Others | 6 555 | 8 856 | 1 948 | 941 | 6 906 | 4 207 | 15 409 | 14 004 |
TOTAL | 11 665 | 26 623 | 3 745 | 18 668 | 10 176 | 26 717 | 25 586 | 72 008 |
NOTES
4. Five major species groups are considered: Bagrus, Protopterus, Clarias, Synodontis and Schilbe.
ESTIMATES OF GROSS ECONOMIC BENEFITS DERIVED FROM THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE LAKE VICTORIA ECOSYSTEM
I. HYPOTHESES
Gross economic benefits are reflected by the value of production using a retail price conservatively estimated at 700 $/t, i.e. 2.5 times the ex-vessel price (280 $/t according to Table 5.1).
Five production scenarios are considered: (A) continuation of past trends as if the Nile perch stock had remained insignificant; (B) recent trend as reflected by official statistics until 1987 with production stabilising at a MSY level of 250 000 t afterwards; and (C), (D) and (E), correction of trends until 1987 to reflect possible over-estimation of official statistics and consecutive reduction of production levels towards MSY respectively estimated at 200 000 t (C), 150 000 t (D) and 100 000 t (E).
II. PRODUCTION SCENARIOS FOR 1980–1994 ('000 t)
CASE | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 |
A | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 |
B | 125 | 150 | 175 | 200 | 225 | 250 | 275 | 300 | 275 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 |
C | 110 | 130 | 150 | 170 | 190 | 210 | 230 | 250 | 225 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
D | 110 | 130 | 150 | 170 | 190 | 210 | 230 | 250 | 225 | 200 | 175 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 |
E | 110 | 130 | 150 | 170 | 190 | 210 | 230 | 250 | 225 | 200 | 175 | 150 | 125 | 100 | 100 |
III. NET GAINS OVER THE 1980–1994 PERIOD WITH RESPECT TO SCENARIO A
Scenario (80–94) | Production ('000 tons) | Net gains ('000 tons) | Value (million $) | Net gains (million $) |
Case A | 1 350 | - | 945 | - |
Case B | 3 475 | 2 125 | 2 432 | 1 487 |
Case C | 2 865 | 1 515 | 2 005 | 1 049 |
Case D | 2 640 | 1 290 | 1 848 | 903 |
Case E | 2 515 | 1 165 | 1 760 | 815 |
COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCES OF TRADITIONAL
CANOES AND TRAWLING, NILE PERCH FISHERY IN MWANZA AREA
(1987)
I. FISHING UNITS1
The trawler unit is assumed to involve a 12 m wooden trawler (WT) with a 105 HP diesel engine, a mechanically driven winch, a crew of five and two high vertical-opening bottom trawls with a 18 m headline. The catch is kept on board without ice.
Based on the average hourly catch obtained by the trawler operated by HEST during the best fishing season in the Mwanza area, the WT could catch 200 per trawling hour. (This trawler is of steel construction but is otherwise similar to the one described above.) Assuming 6 hours trawling per day and 215 days fishing per year (a normal operation of 250 days per year would be difficult in view of the shortages of fuel and spare parts as well as difficult mechanical repairs), the catch could be of 258 t per year. For an average price of Tsh. 20/kg this represents a yearly gross revenue of Tsh. 5 160 000.
Based on results obtained from unmotorised traditional canoes (TC) as indicated in Table 3.10, a similar level of catch and gross revenue might be obtained by a fleet of about 15 canoes.
II. MAJOR COST COMPONENTS OF FISHING UNITS
Note: For a TC, costs given in Table 3.10 refer. For a WT the investment, depreciation and maintenance costs are given below:
A. EQUIPMENT
Component | Cost ('000 Tsh) | Life (years) | Depreciation (yearly) | Maintenance (yearly) | |
Hull | 2 700 | 15 | 180 | (5%) | 135 |
Engine | 2 000 | 10 | 200 | (10%) | 200 |
Machinery | 900 | 10 | 90 | (10%) | 90 |
Fishing year | 550 | 4 | 137 | (20%) | 110 |
TOTAL | 6 150 | 607 | 535 |
B. DAILY OPERATION
Component | Duration (hours) | Engine Power used (%) | Fuel Consumption2 (litres) |
Steaming | 1 | 90 | 20 |
Trawling | 6 | 90 | 119 |
Maneuvering | 1 | 50 | 11 |
TOTAL | 8 | 150 |
Note: This gives a yearly fuel consumption of about 32 500 litres or at Tsh 40.0 per litre a yearly fuel cost of Tsh 1 300 000.
C. OTHER
Labour cost is estimated at Tsh 610 000 all inclusive, as reported by operators; insurance cost at 6% of investment cost; lubricant cost at 5% of fuel cost; financial cost at 15% of two-thirds of total investment; opportunity cost of management at five times the minimum wage.
Foreign exchange components for the WT are estimated at 100% of engine, machinery and fishing gear costs (Tsh 425 000 per year), plus 100% of fuel and lubricant costs, plus 50% of maintenance cost. The Forex components for the TC are estimated at 100% of gear cost, even though gear is mostly made from second hand material at present.
III. FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCES
Type and number of units | 1 WT ('000 Tsh) | 15 TCs ('000 Tsh) | TC. Advantage (folds) | ||
Investment | 6 150 | 1 275 | -4.8 | ||
Gross revenue | 5 160 | 5 160 | |||
Labour (all inclusive) | 610 | 1 897 | |||
Fuel | 1 300 | - | |||
Lubricant | 65 | - | |||
Maintenance | 535 | 255 | |||
Depreciation | 607 | 881 | |||
Financial cost | 692 | - | |||
Insurance | 369 | - | |||
Op. cost of management | 78 | 234 | |||
Net revenue to capital | 904 | 1 893 | +2 | ||
Profitability | 14.7% | 148% | +10 | ||
Forex cost | 2 059 | 750 | -2.7 | ||
Employment (direct) | 5 | pers. | 45 | pers. | +9 |
Employment (indirect) | 15 | pers. | 135 | pers. | +9 |
Total employment | 20 | pers. | 180 | pers. | +9 |
Net revenue to labour and owners | 1 592 | 4 024 | +2.5 |
NOTES
1 Information on trawling operation provided by M. Guidicelli, FAO, Rome
2 Fuel consumption is calculated on the basis of hourly consumption at full power
UGANDA - LAKE KYOGA, TOTAL ANNUAL CATCHES (m.t.)
1961–1982 (All Species)*
Year | Total Catch (m.t.)** | |
1961 | 12 900 | |
1962 | 13 200 | |
1963 | 17 000 | |
1964 | 18 500 | |
1965 | 18 400 | |
1966 | 19 900 | |
1967 | 26 300 | |
1968 | 52 300 | |
1969 | 48 900 | |
1970 | 62 000 | |
1971 | 89 700 | |
1972 | 95 100 | |
1973 | 100 500 | |
1974 | 105 000 | |
1975 | 118 700 | Mean 1961–75: 53 226 t |
1976 | 145 800 | |
1977 | 167 000 | |
1978 | 167 000 | |
1979 | 133 000 | |
1980 | 131 000 | |
1981 | 130 000 | |
1982 | 138 000 | Mean 1961–82: 82 245 t |
* SOURCES: UFD (1961–75); Uganda Ministry of Animal Industry and Fisheries, 1983 (1976–82)