ASIA-PACIFIC FORESTRY COMMISSION
ASIA-PACIFIC FORESTRY TOWARDS 2010
REPORT OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC FORESTRY SECTOR OUTLOOK STUDY
Forestry Policy and Planning Division, Rome
Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 1998
Reprinted 1999
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© FAO 1998
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Abbreviations used in the report
Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission Mandate
Objectives of the study
Scope of the study
Study methods and approaches
Evolving perspectives on the value and use of forests2. Social and economic background to the study
Trends and current status
Pressures on the land
Future population projectionsTrends and current status
The foundations for economic growth
Future economic projections
Resilience of economies
3. The demands placed upon forests
Introduction and overview
Services of forestsTypes of services of forests
Socio-cultural roles and nature-based ecotourism
Agricultural services of forests and trees
Watershed services of forests
Carbon sequestration
Conservation of wildlife habitats and biological diversity values
Services of mangrove ecosystems
A setting for the futureTypes of non-wood forest products
Trends in consumption, production and trade of NWFPs
Issues and possible responses
A setting for the futureStatus and trends
Demand for woodfuels
Woodfuels supply
Potential demand and supply balance of woodfuels
Selected policy challenges
A setting for the futureTrends in production and consumption
Demands on resources and possible responses4. Forest resources and land use
Asia-Pacific forest resources in world perspective
Historical patterns of land-use change
Deforestation and changes in forest type and quality
Causes of deforestation and forest degradation
Effects of deforestation and forest degradationStatus and trends in forest resources
Distribution of forest resources within the region
Importance of forest resources to individual countries
Current uses of forest resources within the region
Status and trends related to protected areas
The increasing importance of plantations in the region
Status and trends related to trees outside forestsCurrent status of forest management
Forest management objectives
Management of natural forests
Management of plantations
Management of non-wood forest products (NWFPs)
Efforts to achieve sustainable forest managementPotential for supplying forest products and services
Current potential wood and fibre supplies from natural forests
Current potential wood and fibre supplies from industrial forest plantations
Current potential wood and fibre supplies from trees outside forests
Potential wood and fibre supplies in comparison with current demand
Current potential for supplying non-wood forest products and servicesDevelopments related to tariffs
Non-tariff barriers (NTBs)
Impediments to tradeIntroduction
The nature of people/forest relationships
Common considerations
Forests central to livelihoods
Old and new forest dwellers
How forests support forest dwellersForests as a complementary basis for livelihood
Collaborative approaches to forest management
Growing trees outside the forestContext and definitions
Status of urban forestry in the region
Issues facing future urban forestry development in the regionA time of change
Factors influencing policy changes
Policy reform in the forestry sector
Major policy challengesRelevance of a wide range of institutions
Current government roles in forestry
The commercial private sector
Institutions for community-level popular participation
Industry/community partnerships
Major institutional challenges8. A summary of the present - a setting for the future
From the past - the future
Key forestry themes in the Asia-Pacific region
Increase in demand for forest products and services
Increasing restrictions on access to forests
Growing pressures for sustainable forest management
Greater attention to multiple roles of forests
Trade will remain important
Increasing globalisation and regionalisation in forestry industry
Demands for social equity will continue and increase
New roles for all sector participants
9. Major driving forces and challenges for the future
Summary of key driving forces
Selected major driving forces influencing the futureWhat are the challenges and potentials?
Broad challenge - achieving appropriate leadership
Services of forests
Non-wood forest products
Wood energy
Industrial wood products
Challenges related to people and forests
Challenges related to forest and tree resources
Challenges related to policies and institutions10. The outlook for Asia-pacific forestry
Introduction
Outlook for the demands placed on forests
Outlook for services of forests and for non-wood forest products
Outlook for consumption, production and trade for wood-based forest products
The impacts of the current economic downturnOutlook for forest resources and land use
Prospective land-use evolution
Outlook for the area of natural forests
Outlook for protected areas
Outlook for the area of plantations
Outlook for trees outside the forest
Potential wood and fibre supply prospects for the regionThe setting for policy choices
Policy implications and choices
Summary of implications
Alternative scenarios for future forestry policies
Background to the policy analysis
Options for the future
Synthesis and common themes for future policy developmentIndicative implications for investment
Investments needs in maintenance and general protection of forests
Investment needs for rehabilitation of degraded natural forests
Investment needs for development and maintenance of protected area systems
Investment needs for forest plantation development
Investment needs for non-forest sources of wood products
Investment needs in wood harvesting capacity
Investment needs in sawmilling capacity
Investment needs in the wood-based panels industry
Investment needs in the paper and paperboard sector
Investment needs for non-wood forest products and services
Total indicative average annual investment needs in Asia-pacific forestry