Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Technical Advisory Committee
TAC SECRETARIAT
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
December, 1994
AGR/TAC:IAR/92/18.1
THE CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
TAC SECRETARIAT
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
April 1992
1.1. Background
1.2. Evolution of the CGIAR and its Priorities
1.3. Implementation of the 1986 Recommendations
1.4. Outline of the Report
2.1. Mission and Goals
2.2. CGIAR Research and Research-Related Activities
2.3. Special Nature of International Research2.3.1. Activities with a Continuing Advantage at the International Level
2.3.2. Activities Justified over the Medium Term by the Current Lack of Capacity in the Developing Countries
3.1. Priority Setting at the CGIAR System Level
3.2. Guiding Factors in the Consideration of CGIAR Priorities
3.3. A Three-Dimensional Framework
3.4. Agroecological and Regional Characterization
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in a Changing Global Context4.2.1. Trends Affecting Food Demand
4.2.2. Resource Management
4.2.3. Changes in the Atmosphere and Climate
4.2.4. Equity and Gender
4.2.5. Perspectives on National Research
4.2.6. Strategies for Areas with Different Resource Endowments4.3. Natural Resource and Socioeconomic Database
4.4. Agroecological Zone Aspects4.4.1. Warm Arid and Semi-Arid Tropics
4.4.2. Warm Subhumid Tropics
4.4.3. Warm Humid Tropics
4.4.4. Cool Tropics
4.4.5. Warm Arid and Semi-Arid Subtropics with Summer Rainfall
4.4.6. Warm Subhumid Subtropics with Summer Rainfall
4.4.7. Warm/Cool Humid Subtropics with Summer Rainfall
4.4.8. Cool Subtropics with Summer Rainfall
4.4.9. Cool Subtropics with Winter Rainfall4.5.1. General Overview
4.5.2. Sub-Saharan Africa
4.5.3. West Asia-North Africa
4.5.4. Asia and the Pacific
4.5.5. Latin America and the Caribbean
5.2.1. Rice
5.2.2. Wheat
5.2.3. Maize
5.2.4. Barley
5.2.5. Sorghum
5.2.6. Millet5.3. Roots, Tubers, Banana and Plantain
5.3.1. Cassava
5.3.2. Potato
5.3.3. Sweet potato
5.3.4. Yam
5.3.5. Banana and Plantain5.4.1. Chickpea
5.4.2. Cowpea
5.4.3. Broad (faba) bean
5.4.4. Lentil
5.4.5. Phaseolus bean
5.4.6. Pigeonpea
5.4.7. Soybean5.6. Vegetables
5.7. Other Crops and the Issue of Self-Reliance
6.1. Background
6.2. Regional Importance
6.3. Livestock Research in sub-Saharan Africa6.3.1. Feed Supply
6.3.2. Animal Health
6.3.3. Genetics
6.3.4. Sustainable Production Systems
7.1. Background
7.2. Regional Forestry Research Needs7.2.1. Sub-Saharan Africa
7.2.2. West Asia-North Africa
7.2.3. Asia
7.2.4. Latin America and the Caribbean7.3. Research Needs of Common Concern
7.4. Current Status of Forestry Research
7.5. Future Directions of CGIAR Forestry Research
8.1. Background
8.2. Research Needs
9.1. Introduction
9.2. The Congruence Approach
9.3. Initial Priority Setting9.3.1.1. Value of production
9.3.1.2. Poverty
9.3.1.3. Land use9.3.2. Baseline for Agriculture
9.3.3. Baseline for Forestry
9.3.4. Baseline for Fisheries9.4. Modification of the Baseline
9.5.3. Sustainability Indicators
9.5.3.1. Urgency of need for production growth
9.5.3.2. Deforestation
9.5.3.3. Soil degradation risk9.5.4. Strength of National Research System Indicators
9.5.4.1. Capacity of national research systems
9.5.4.2. Small countries9.5.5. Food Import Gap
9.5.6. Preservation of forest resources9.6. Data for Modifiers
9.7. Modifier Weights Chosen
9.8. Quantitative Impact of Each Modifier9.9.1.1. Priorities by region, agroecological zone and regional agroecological zone
9.9.1.2. Priorities by commodity and region9.10. Impacts of Changing Modifier Weights
9.10.1. All modifiers increased and decreased equally: agriculture, forestry and fisheries
9.10.2. Sensitivity to Changing One Weight
9.10.3. Sensitivity of adjusted commodity values, and their regional distribution, to modifier weights: agriculture
9.10.4. TAC's Conclusions Regarding Weights9.11. Expected Productivity Gains
9.12. Importance of Particular Commodities for the Poor
9.13. Spillovers
9.14. Additional Inputs: The ACIAR Framework
9.15. Conclusion
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Training
10.3. Information
10.4. Organization and Management Counselling
10.5. Relationships between CGIAR Centres and National Research Systems10.5.1. Appropriate Roles for CGIAR Centres
10.5.2. Mechanisms for Collaboration10.5.2.1. Types of collaboration
10.5.2.2. Cooperative research
10.5.2.3. Contract research
11.1. Background
11.2. Policy Research to Date
11.3. Global Change and Evolution in the CGIAR: the Implications for New Policy Research Priorities
11.4. Policy Research and Formulation Capacity in Developing Countries
11.5. Human Linkages
11.6. Public Management Research
12.1. Introduction
12.2. The Analytical Framework
12.3. The Status of TAC's Priority Analysis12.3.1. By Activity Category
12.3.2. By Agroecological Zone and Regional Agroecological Zone
12.3.3. By Region
12.3.4. By Production Sector
12.3.5. By Commodity Within the Agricultural Sector12.3.5.1. The commodity portfolio
12.3.5.2. The congruence between the modified values of production and current allocations
13.1. Introduction and Conceptual Background
13.1.1. TAC's Sequential Approach to Priorities, Strategies and Structure
13.1.2. Main Conclusions of the Priority Exercise
13.1.3. TAC's Medium/Long- and Long-Term Visions of the CGIAR
13.1.4. Key Strategic Principles
13.1.5. The Ecoregional Approach to Research13.2. Future Strategies and Structure for the CGIAR
13.2.1. Ecoregional Activities
13.2.1.1. Priorities by ecoregion
13.2.1.2. Institutional options13.2.2.1. Global commodity/production sector research
13.2.2.2. Global non-commodity research
13.2.2.3. Inter-centre/global initiatives13.2.3. Structural and Delivery Issues
13.2.3.1. Study of CGIAR delivery mechanisms
13.2.3.2. Other structural issues13.3. Relationships between Global and Ecoregional Mechanisms
13.4. Implications for Mandates of Existing Centres
13.5. Concluding Remarks
14.1. Introduction
14.2. CGIAR Medium-Term Planning Process14.2.1. First Round of MTPS - 1987-89
14.2.2. Second Round of MTPs - 1992-9314.3. Setting the Context for TAC's Recommendations on Core Resource Allocation
14.3.1. Resource Allocation Methodology
14.3.2. Time Horizon
14.3.3. Availability of Core Funds
14.3.4. Character of Recommendations on Resource Allocations14.4. Priority Setting and Factors Relevant to Resource Allocation
14.4.1. TAC's Focus on the Core Programme
14.4.2. Priority Setting Methodology
14.4.3. 1991 Distribution of CGIAR Core Resources
14.4.4. Results from Priority Setting14.4.4.1. Categories of activity
14.4.4.2. Production sectors and commodities
14.4.4.3. Regional distribution14.5. The Allocation Process
14.6. The Resource Allocation Methodology
14.7. 1998 Core Supply Considerations
14.8. Recommendations of 1998 Resource Allocations14.8.1. System Resource Allocations
14.8.1.1. Global outcome
14.8.1.2. Regional portfolio of CGIAR investments14.8.2. Linking System Allocations to Centre Allocations
14.8.3. Centre Resource Allocations
14.8.4. Specific Factors Affecting Individual Centre Allocations
14.8.5. Financial Factors Relevant to the Interpretation of the Centre Envelopes14.9. Implementation and Execution of the Medium-Term Resource Allocation Process - The MTP Process
14.9.1. Planning Guidelines
14.9.2. Timetable
14.9.3. Interactive Review of the MTPs
14.9.4. Consolidation and Approval of MTPs
14.9.5. Adjusting Planned Requirements with Actual Funding During Implementation14.10. Centres' 1993 Programmes and Budgets
14.10.1. A Transition Year
14.10.2. Matching Demand and Supply
Annex II. Average 1987-89 Value of Production and Shares for Commodities by AEZ by Region
Annex III. Prices for CGIAR Priorities Analysis - (US$/Mt, 1987-89)
Annex IV. Land Use in Different Regions and Agro-ecological Zones
Analysis and Recommendations