Rural Aquaculture: Overview and Framework for Country Reviews













Table of Contents


Peter Edwards and Harvey Demaine
Agricultural and Aquatic Systems Program
School of Environment, Resources and Development
Asian Institute of Technology
Bangkok, Thailand

REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Bangkok, Thailand, 1998

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture

Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone and do not imply any opionion whatsoever on the part of FAO and APFIC.


NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT

The copyright in this publication is vested in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, This publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, by any method or process, without written permission from the copyright holder. Applications for such permission with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction desired should be made through and addressed to the Regional Aquaculture Officer, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Maliwan Mansion, Phra Athit Road, Bangkok 10200, Thailand.


Table of Contents


Preparation of this document

Abstract

Preface

1. Definitions

1.1 Aquaculture
1.2 Systems and scale
1.3 Rural aquaculture

2. History, status and potential of rural aquaculture

2.1 History
2.2 Status
2.3 Potential

3. Issues

3.1 Sustainable development
3.2 Developmental issues

3.2.1 Major problem areas
3.2.2 Rural versus peri-urban aquaculture
3.2.3 Revolutions

3.3 Role of rural aquaculture

3.3.1 Nutritional aspects of fish
3.3.2 Fish in food security
3.3.3 Aquaculture or capture fisheries?
3.3.4 Fish for food or income?
3.3.5 Poverty alleviation and rural aquaculture

4. Systems framework for rural aquaculture

4.1 General framework
4.2 Production technology

4.2.1 Cultured species
4.2.2 Culture facilities
4.2.3 Husbandry
4.2.4 Integrated agriculture-aquaculture

4.3 Social and economic factors

4.3.1 Micro level
4.3.2 Macro level

4. 4 Environmental impact

4.4.1 Impact of the natural environment on aquaculture
4.4.2 Impact of man-made environmental changes on aquaculture
4.4.3 Impact of aquaculture on the environment

5. Guidelines for promoting rural aquaculture

5.1 Conceptual framework

5.1.1 Purpose, concepts and means
5.1.2 Human resource capacity
5.1.3 Multidisciplinarity and balance

5.2 A systems approach to aquaculture research and extension

5.2.1 The farming systems research continuum

5.3 Planning and management for rural aquaculture

5.3.1 Decentralised planning for aquaculture development
5.3.2 Information needs and data collection
5.3.3 Project planning and implementation
5.3.4 Monitoring and evaluation

5.4 Institutional context

5.4.1 Donor projects and national agencies
5.4.2 Non-governmental organisations
5.4.3 Institutional home for rural aquaculture

5.5 Human resource capacity building

6. Summary and conclusions

6.1 Definition and issues
6.2 Sustainable rural aquaculture farming systems
6.3 Promoting rural aquaculture

7. Outline for individual country reviews

References