Annex

Table 1: Commodity prices in real terms

	1961-63	1971-73	1981-83	1991-93	2001-02	2000	2001	2002
Bananas	43	25	29	24	22	17.5	23.5	20.7
Beef	87	195	115	271	143	180.8	142.7	…
Butter	165	160	152	91	53	59.5	58.3	47.7
Cocoa	114	125	143	56	38	36.3	42.5	32.8
Coffee	n.a.	188	196	66	40	56.9	39.2	40.4
Cotton	146	158	128	70	40	52.3	41.3	38.7
Hides	69	93	67	85	70	71.0	72.8	67.6
Jute	1 189	1 035	457	333	264	246.9	283.6	243.5
Maize	…	5.5	4.4	2.5	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7
Rice	726	685	565	290	155	180.3	148.6	160.8
Rubber	129	72	74	41	26	27.7	23.5	29.2
Sisal	1 434	1 107	964	649	577	556.3	601.5	552.8
Sorghum	229	245	193	111	84	77.9	82.0	85.2
Sugar	n.a.	25.28	18.11	10.15	6.56	7.24	7.44	5.68
Tea	266	159	138	95	88	96.1	89.1	86.0
Tobacco	…	3 975	4 002	3 498	2 431	2 644.4	2 572.3	2 289.8
Wheat	8.4	7.3	7.3	3.3	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.8

Notes:
Prices are deflated by the United States Consumer Price Index (1995 = 1).
n.a. = not applicable; … = not available.
Basis for prices for individual commodities:

Bananas (Ecuador) US cents/lb
Beef (Argentina) US cents/lb
Butter (New Zealand) US cents/100 lb
Cocoa (Ghana) US cents/lb
Coffee (United States) US cents/lb
Cotton (United States) US cents/lb
Hides (United States) US cents/lb
Jute (Bangladesh) US$/tonne
Maize (United States) US$/bushel
Rice (Thailand) US$/tonne
Rubber (Malaysia) US cents/lb
Sisal (East Africa) US$/tonne
Sorghum (United States) US$/tonne
Sugar (London and New York) US cents/lb
Tea (Sri Lanka) US cents/kg
Tobacco (United States) US$/tonne
Wheat (Argentina) US$/bushel

Table 2: Production of selected commodities by ten largest producers

	2001	2002	2003	Share of world total 2001-2003 (percentage)
	(thousand tonnes)
Cereals
China, Mainland	396 482	397 988	377 045	19
United States	325 480	298 787	348 645	16
India	243 375	211 750	236 313	11
European Union (15)	202 526	214 972	191 082	10
Brazil	56 478	50 237	65 426	3
Russian Federation	83 320	84 849	65 397	4
Indonesia	59 808	61 106	62 670	3
Canada	43 329	36 288	50 129	2
Bangladesh	38 014	39 528	39 683	2
Viet Nam	34 270	36 958	37 546	2
World	2 107 954	2 031 540	2 067 618	100
Oilcrops
United States	16 979	15 749	14 307	14
China, Mainland	15 129	15 390	15 920	13
Malaysia	13 483	13 546	14 956	12
Indonesia	11 287	13 225	13 085	11
Brazil	7 688	8 476	10 207	8
European Union (15)	7 764	7 323	7 691	7
India	7 651	7 055	7 974	7
Argentina	6 405	7 130	7 970	6
Canada	2 532	2 366	3 351	2
Nigeria	2 352	2 359	2 359	2
World	112 088	114 545	120 894	100
Meat
China, Mainland	63 339	65 870	67 857	27
United States	37 811	39 195	39 106	16
European Union (15)	36 010	36 433	36 184	15
Brazil	15 167	16 605	17 059	7
India	5 566	5 762	6 038	2
Mexico	4 636	4 808	4 883	2
Russian Federation	4 430	4 690	4 975	2
Canada	4 121	4 268	4 277	2
Argentina	3 810	4 058	4 163	2
Australia	3 885	3 801	3 847	2
World	237 845	246 257	249 851	100
Sugar
Brazil	20 400	23 810	24 780	16
India	20 480	20 475	22 100	15
European Union (15)	15 911	18 413	16 504	12
China, Mainland	9 312	11 565	10 948	7
United States	7 171	7 608	7 994	5
Thailand	4 865	5 947	7 286	4
Mexico	4 924	4 872	4 928	3
Australia	4 162	4 987	5 371	3
Cuba	3 591	3 775	3 775	3
Pakistan	2 717	3 507	4 004	2
World	132 399	145 306	147 934	100
Tropical beverages
Brazil	2 014	2 677	2 176	17
Côte d'Ivoire	1 460	1 198	1 198	10
Indonesia	1 167	1 238	1 233	9
India	1 156	1 170	1 208	9
Viet Nam	916	778	769	6
China, Mainland	719	762	767	6
Colombia	700	745	749	5
Ghana	342	382	382	3
Mexico	350	359	359	3
Nigeria	344	344	344	3
World	13 438	13 731	13 303	100
Fibres
China, Mainland	6 005	5 876	6 186	24
United States	4 420	3 747	3 968	16
India	4 109	3 568	4 085	16
Pakistan	1 807	1 738	1 820	7
Brazil	1 159	995	1 017	4
Uzbekistan	1 036	1 028	934	4
Turkey	902	851	947	4
Bangladesh	875	817	817	3
European Union (15)	712	607	608	3
Australia	745	341	260	2
World	26 224	23 479	24 836	100
Citrus (total)
Brazil	18 752	20 003	18 779	19
United States	14 701	14 684	13 763	14
China, Mainland and Hong Kong SAR	12 070	12 461	12 711	12
European Union (15)	10 256	10 397	11 278	10
Mexico	6 324	6 164	6 293	6
India	4 400	4 580	4 580	4
Iran	3 730	3 732	3 703	4
Nigeria	3 250	3 250	3 250	3
Egypt	2 562	2 527	2 527	2
Argentina	2 798	2 566	2 470	3
World	103 092	103 449	102 685	100
Bananas
India	16 450	16 450	16 450	24
Brazil	6 177	6 504	6 469	9
China, Mainland	5 477	5 783	5 826	8
Ecuador	6 077	5 528	5 609	8
Philippines	5 060	5 264	5 500	8
Indonesia	4 300	3 683	3 683	6
Costa Rica	2 130	2 050	2 000	3
Mexico	1 982	2 076	1 944	3
Thailand	1 750	1 800	1 800	3
Burundi	1 548	1 602	1 602	2
World	67 792	68 014	68 279	100
Milk (total)
European Union (15)	126 139	125 754	125 328	21
India	81 960	84 020	86 960	14
United States	74 980	77 247	78 155	13
Russian Federation	32 909	33 369	33 100	6
Pakistan	26 284	27 032	27 811	5
Brazil	21 283	22 773	23 453	4
China, Mainland and Hong Kong SAR	14 490	17 269	17 245	3
New Zealand	13 161	14 078	14 200	2
Ukraine	13 444	14 422	13 878	2
Poland	11 885	11 873	11 845	2
World	585 402	598 022	600 978	100

Table 3: Exports of selected commodities by ten largest exporters

	2001	2002	2003	Share of world total 2001-2003 (percentage)
	(thousand tonnes)
Cereals
United States	87 358	84 227	82 204	31
European Union (15)	65 426	55 159	54 772	22
Argentina	23 728	23 309	19 584	8
Australia	21 826	18 894	19 344	7
Canada	22 885	21 523	14 666	7
China, Mainland	13 831	8 837	14 916	5
Thailand	6 207	8 227	7 538	3
Ukraine	1 286	5 311	12 175	2
Russian Federation	1 263	3 425	13 532	2
India	2 822	5 432	9 570	2
World	272 858	262 871	279 557	100
Oilseeds
United States	28 358	30 205	29 005	41
Brazil	11 519	15 684	15 978	20
Argentina	4 662	7 640	6 634	9
European Union (15)	5 662	5 437	6 096	8
Canada	5 482	5 490	3 864	7
Australia	2 304	2 114	1 863	3
Paraguay	1 820	2 361	404	2
China, Mainland	804	940	1 020	1
Russian Federation	1 285	302	121	1
Hungary	510	331	466	1
World	67 909	75 149	69 016	100
Meat
European Union (15)	10 026	9 585	10 297	40
United States	4 694	4 851	4 433	19
Brazil	1 550	2 310	3 022	9
Australia	1 599	1 676	1 642	7
Canada	1 187	1 315	1 480	5
China, Mainland	779	900	917	3
New Zealand	857	816	802	3
China, Hong Kong SAR	862	746	662	3
Thailand	403	524	565	2
Argentina	358	192	370	1
World	24 357	24 801	26 245	100
Sugar
Brazil	6 692	11 528	13 852	26
European Union (15)	8 858	8 467	7 444	20
Thailand	4 241	3 335	4 205	10
Cuba	3 237	2 382	2 663	7
Australia	4 172	3 551	129	6
South Africa	1 474	1 538	1 165	3
Guatemala	1 260	1 130	1 360	3
India	349	1 541	1 790	3
Colombia	1 065	928	1 183	3
Turkey	609	933	118	1
World	39 892	42 108	41 920	100
Tropical beverages
Côte d'Ivoire	1 422	1 249	1 149	14
Brazil	973	1 260	1 559	14
Viet Nam	790	999	793	9
Indonesia	777	652	789	8
European Union (15)	567	547	556	6
Colombia	509	561	581	6
India	363	329	346	4
Ghana	366	221	312	3
Sri Lanka	287	294	291	3
China, Mainland	231	261	264	3
World	9 472	9 144	9 304	100
Fibres
United States	1 754	2 145	2 480	27
Australia	1 333	1 499	1 118	17
Uzbekistan	740	760	740	9
European Union (15)	754	690	754	9
Bangladesh	335	236	302	4
Syrian Arab Republic	230	244	280	3
Benin	244	152	183	2
China, Mainland	300	59	159	2
Turkmenistan	249	151	109	2
Côte d'Ivoire	205	131	147	2
World	7 936	7 712	7 983	100
Citrus (total)
European Union (15)	4 359	4 020	4 368	50
South Africa	639	790	805	7
United States	717	688	674	8
Turkey	406	556	552	5
Morocco	471	430	417	5
Argentina	270	389	397	3
Mexico	280	65	284	3
China, Mainland	193	151	201	2
Australia	166	177	168	2
Egypt	91	276	148	1
World	8 634	8 728	9 003	100
Bananas
Ecuador	3 993	3 533	4 296	27
Costa Rica	2 079	1 959	1 873	14
Philippines	1 599	2 129	1 684	13
Colombia	1 564	1 344	1 424	10
Guatemala	801	873	980	6
Honduras	374	31	441	3
Panama	489	426	403	3
Côte d'Ivoire	243	255	256	2
Brazil	72	105	241	1
Cameroon	238	254	238	2
World	14 347	14 115	14 718	100
Milk (total)
European Union (15)	13 480	10 860	11 105	28
New Zealand	8 657	9 343	11 034	23
Australia	5 579	4 933	6 118	13
United States	2 885	2 762	2 616	7
Argentina	1 140	953	1 425	3
Poland	996	1 391	1 355	3
Canada	656	868	843	2
Czech Republic	732	814	783	2
Belarus	497	634	721	1
Ukraine	671	1 158	652	2
World	41 388	39 974	43 886	100

Table 4: Imports of selected commodities by ten largest importers

	2001	2002	2003	Share of world total 2001-2003 (percentage)
	(thousand tonnes)
Cereals
European Union (15)	40 491	44 701	53 619	17
Japan	27 012	26 239	26 605	10
Mexico	14 065	15 303	14 092	5
Korea, Republic of	12 801	12 385	13 389	5
Egypt	9 655	9 244	10 322	4
Brazil	10 478	8 857	7 809	3
Iran, Islamic Rep. of	9 928	9 852	6 551	3
Algeria	7 509	6 682	8 611	3
Indonesia	6 863	4 776	7 927	2
China, Taiwan Province of	6 324	6 500	6 576	2
World	269 920	260 660	276 894	100
Oilseeds
European Union (15)	23 855	28 049	27 021	36
China, Mainland	13 405	15 708	11 954	19
Japan	7 548	7 458	7 550	10
Mexico	5 413	5 865	5 708	8
China, Taiwan Province of	2 351	2 487	2 586	3
Korea, Republic of	1 695	1 574	1 717	2
Thailand	1 357	1 409	1 574	2
Indonesia	1 436	1 273	1 507	2
Canada	691	1 133	1 172	1
Brazil	825	857	1 057	1
World	68 974	75 608	72 506	100
Meat
European Union (15)	8 327	8 361	8 683	35
Japan	2 696	2 707	2 583	11
Russian Federation	1 280	2 342	2 669	9
United States	1 832	1 883	1 967	8
China, Hong Kong SAR	1 400	1 290	1 177	5
Mexico	1 081	1 150	1 233	5
China, Mainland	1 043	854	800	4
Korea, Republic of	536	438	638	2
Canada	482	545	570	2
Saudi Arabia	419	407	447	2
World	23 449	24 099	25 447	100
Sugar
Russian Federation	4 842	5 566	4 619	13
European Union (15)	3 902	4 728	4 780	12
Japan	1 566	1 534	1 478	4
Korea, Republic of	1 463	1 516	1 527	4
United States	1 413	1 344	1 419	4
Indonesia	1 654	1 376	1 029	4
Malaysia	1 187	1 275	1 482	3
United Arab Emirates	971	1 127	1 356	3
Nigeria	775	1 267	1 304	3
Canada	873	1 183	1 189	3
World	36 097	39 972	39 292	100
Tropical beverages
European Union (15)	3 992	4 093	4 063	45
United States	1 857	1 688	1 580	19
Japan	490	491	502	6
Russian Federation	247	237	258	3
Canada	200	212	184	2
Malaysia	132	174	204	2
Poland	171	180	157	2
Algeria	114	96	121	1
Pakistan	111	107	99	1
Switzerland	94	99	98	1
World	9 002	8 962	8 906	100
Fibres
European Union (15)	1 319	1 250	1 233	16
Mexico	707	734	750	9
Indonesia	563	763	630	8
Turkey	749	489	599	8
Korea, Republic of	419	454	470	6
Thailand	423	434	433	6
Japan	453	408	393	5
India	280	466	377	5
United States	357	335	279	4
China, Taiwan Province of	278	265	346	4
World	7 955	7 785	7 538	100
Citrus (total)
European Union (15)	4 157	4 179	4 334	49
United States	351	309	391	4
Russian Federation	458	539	668	6
Poland	364	366	355	4
Japan	238	222	204	3
Saudi Arabia	312	273	348	4
Canada	344	327	352	4
China, Hong Kong SAR	259	247	256	3
Ukraine	76	99	119	1
Romania	77	82	86	1
World	8 507	8 498	9 062	100
Bananas
United States	4 030	3 840	3 906	28
European Union (15)	3 298	3 203	3 287	23
Japan	1 078	990	936	7
Russian Federation	502	612	649	4
Canada	398	405	417	3
China, Mainland	593	413	347	3
Poland	285	270	240	2
Argentina	339	330	229	2
United Arab Emirates	98	126	214	1
Sweden	186	182	205	1
World	14 436	13 640	13 920	100
Milk (total)
European Union (15)	3 062	2 833	2 712	8
China, Mainland	2 245	2 063	2 626	6
Mexico	2 310	2 779	2 581	7
United States	1 952	1 870	2 032	5
Algeria	1 552	1 808	1 976	5
Japan	1 676	1 683	1 635	4
Philippines	1 713	1 596	1 581	4
Russian Federation	1 007	1 599	1 454	4
Malaysia	1 292	1 260	1 327	3
Thailand	1 140	1 126	1 291	3
World	37 881	37 093	38 728	100

Table 5: Terms of trade in agriculture and versus manufactures

	Developed countries		Least developed countries		Other developing countries		Countries in transition		World agricultural export prices (deflated)***
	Agricultural imports*	Manufactures**	Agricultural imports*	Manufactures**	Agricultural imports*	Manufactures**	Agricultural imports*	Manufactures**
1961-62	102	105	120	190	115	175	134	209	128
1970-72	99	112	121	175	125	169	157	229	129
1980-82	94	109	120	165	125	164	130	188	127
1990-92	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2000-02	104	89	86	76	97	90	114	91	92
2002	105	92	84	70	98	89	115	93	94

Notes:
* Prices of agricultural exports relative to prices of agricultural imports. Prices are unit values. For agriculture, unit values are the summation of weighted commodity unit export values. Weights are computed by dividing the export value of each commodity by its share in the total value of agricultural exports in the country group under consideration. The coefficients are subsequently indexed to the base period 1990-92 = 100. The same methodology applies for unit value of imports.

** Prices of exported agricultural products relative to the prices of exported manufactured products. These are estimated in the same way as in the previous note, but the denominator is the unit value of manufacturing exports.

*** World agricultural export prices. These are unit values of exports, estimated as above and deflated by the unit value of world manufacturing exports with the base 1990-92 = 100.

Table 6: Shares (in value) of individual commodity groups in total agricultural exports and imports in each country group (percentage)

	Export shares 1999-2001				Import shares 1999-2001
	Least developed countries	Other developing countries	Transition countries	Developed countries		Least developed countries	Other developing countries	Transition countries	Developed countries
Cereals	5	11	19	16		40	27	12	8
Oilcrops	14	26	16	14		24	24	15	15
Meat	1	9	15	21		4	9	14	20
Dairy	0	1	11	11		5	7	4	8
Sugar	4	7	3	3		9	5	11	2
Horticulture	4	15	6	14		2	6	13	20
Tropical beverages	28	15	7	7		3	4	12	13
Raw materials	43	16	25	15		13	19	19	13
All agricultural	100	100	100	100		100	100	100	100

Table 7: Growth rates in export and import unit values, by country group (percentage)

	Exports			Imports
	Least developed countries	Developing countries	Developed countries		Least developed countries	Developing countries	Developed countries
Cereals	-3.18	-2.79	-2.50		-2.84	-2.79	-2.05
Oilcrops	-2.34	-2.88	-2.06		-3.37	-2.78	-2.37
Meat	-1.69	-1.34	-1.51		-2.91	-2.77	-1.01
Dairy	-2.48	-1.50	-0.45		-1.08	-0.80	-0.26
Sugar	-1.44	-2.43	-1.56		-2.42	-2.12	-1.21
Horticulture	-1.38	-1.35	-0.56		-3.13	-0.96	-0.84
Tropical beverages	-2.74	-2.59	-0.92		-2.29	-2.74	-1.58
Raw materials	-2.67	-2.20	-1.50		-2.79	-1.19	-2.02
All agricultural	-1.35	-2.52	-1.58		-2.73	-2.36	-1.56

Note:
Growth rates have been calculated by fitting a logarithmic trend to each unit value index over the period 1961-2001. Nominal value indices have been deflated by the United States Consumer Price Index (1995 = 1).

Table 8: Variability in nominal export and import unit values (coefficients of variation) (percentage)

	Exports			Imports
	Least developed countries	Developing countries	Developed countries		Least developed countries	Developing countries	Developed countries
Cereals	23.2	23.2	20.3		20.7	23.9	19.2
Oilcrops	22.3	22.6	18.3		24.9	21.6	19.1
Meat	18.1	13.8	13.2		20.1	17.2	11.7
Dairy	24.4	7.9	7.3		5.5	5.2	8.4
Sugar	22.5	38.6	29.2		36.4	37.7	20.8
Horticulture	12.1	4.2	5.8		33.9	9.7	3.3
Tropical beverages	35.1	32.7	17.3		21.8	16.8	28.2
Raw materials	26.7	23.1	13.9		26.6	14.0	21.2
All agricultural	27.0	22.6	14.1		20.1	19.2	15.4

Note:
Coefficients of variation have been calculated using the variation around an estimated logarithmic trend line over the period 1961-2001.

FAO Commodities and Trade Division publications, 2003-04

Commodity Market Review 2003-2004 (2004)

FAO Commodities and Trade Technical Papers

5. Voluntary standards and certification for environmentally and socially responsible agricultural production and trade (2004)

4. The European market for organic and fair-trade products from West Africa (2004)

3. The market for non traditional agricultural exports (2004)

2. Environmental and social standards, certification and labelling for cash crops (2003)

1. Medium-term prospects for agricultural commodities: projections to the year 2010 (2003)

FAO Commodity Studies

2. Issues in the global tobacco economy: selected case studies (2003)

1.The world banana economy 1985-2002 (2003)

FAO Commodity and Trade Policy Research Working Papers

2004

10. Agricultural trade liberalization in the Doha round. Alternative scenarios and trategic interactions between developed and developing countries (P. Conforti and L. Salvatici)

9. The EU cotton policy regime and the implications of the proposed changes for producer welfare (G. Karagiannis)

8. The impact of domestic and trade policies on the world cotton market (D. Poonyth,
A. Sarris, R. Sharma and S. Shui)

7. Price transmission in selected agricultural markets (P. Conforti)

6. The marketing potential of date palm fruits in the European market (P. Liu)

5. World markets for organic citrus and citrus juices: current market situation and medium-term prospects (P. Liu)

4. Agricultural policy indicators (T. Josling and A. Valdés; also issued as ESA Working Paper No. 2004/4)

2003

3. Quantifying appropriate levels of the WTO bound tariffs on basic food products in the context of the Development Box proposals (R. Sharma)

2. The WTO and environmental and social standards, certification and labelling in agriculture (C. Dankers)

1. The Brazilian ethanol programme: impacts on world ethanol and sugar markets
(T. Koizumi)

Further information on all publications listed above is available on the FAOCommodities and Trade Division's Web pages (at http://www.fao.org/es/ESC/en/index.html).