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7. REFERENCES


The case studies

Cameroon. 2001. Meilleures practiques et enseignment tirés du "Système de connaissances et d’informations agricoles pour le Développement Rural - AKIS/RD: Cas du Cameroun, prepared by J.N. Ngatchou. Yaoundé. 73 pp.

Chile. 2003. Sistemas de Conocimientos e Información (Educación, Investigación y Extensión) Agricola para el Desarrollo Rural y la Pobreza: el Caso de Chile, prepared by E. Figueroa. Santiago de Chile. 94 pp.

Cuba. 2003. Sistemas de Conocimiento y de Información Agricola para el Desarrollo Rural (AKIS/RD): Estudio de Caso - Las Mejores Prácticas y Lecciones de AKIS/RD en Cuba, prepared by R.O. Suárez. Santiago de Cuba. 128 pp.

Egypt. 2004. A case study on Agricultural Knowledge and Information System for Rural Development (AKIS/RD) in Egypt, prepared by M. Shaker and M. Kassem, and reviewed and edited by A. Rafea. Cairo. 124 pp.

Lithuania. 2002. Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems for Rural Development (AKIS/RD), prepared by R. Abugelis. Vilnius. 91 pp.

Malaysia. 2001. Agricultural Knowledge Information System in Rural Development in Malaysia: a case study, prepared by S.M. Sulaiman, A.M. Md. Isa and Z. Kasa. Kuala Lumpur. 79 pp.

Morocco. 2001. Best practices and lessons learned from AKIS/RD in Morocco, prepared by M.L. Firdawcy. Rabat. 63 pp.

Pakistan. 2002. Agricultural Knowledge and Information System for Rural Development in Pakistan: a case study, prepared by A.A. Khan. Islamabad. 82 pp.

Trinidad and Tobago. 2002. The Agricultural Knowledge and Information System of Trinidad and Tobago (AKIS/RD/TT): lessons learned and best practices, prepared by L.A. Wilson. 206 pp.

Uganda. 2001. Report of Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems (AKIS) case study in Uganda, prepared by Nkoola Institutional Development Association. Kampala. 50 pp.

Other works cited in the study

Alex, G. 2001. Agricultural extension investments: future options for rural development. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Alex, G., Zijp, W. & Byerlee, D. 2002. 2002. Rural extension and advisory services: new directions, with input from the AKIS Thematic Team. Rural Development Strategy Background Paper No. 9. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Antholt. 1994. Modernization of agricultural extension in Turkey: strategic issues, commercialization and privatization. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Axinn, G.H. & Thorat, S.S. 1972. Modernizing world agriculture: a comparative study of agricultural extension education systems. New York, Praeger.

Berdegué, J.A. & Escobar, G. 2001. Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems and poverty reduction. AKIS Discussion Paper. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Berdegué, J.A. & Escobar, G. 2003. FAO seminar on Territorial Rural Development. Rome, FAO, 27 March 2003.

Berdegué, J.A. & Marchant, C. 2002. Chile: the evolution of the Agricultural Advisory Service for Small Farmers: 1978-2000. In W.M. Rivera and W. Zijp. Contracting for agricultural extension: international case studies and emerging practices. Wallingford, UK and New York, CABI.

Beynon, J. with Akroyd, S., Duncan, A. & Jones, S. 1998. Financing the future: options for agricultural research and extension in sub-Saharan Africa. Oxford, UK, Oxford Policy Management.

Biggs, S.D. 1989. Resource-poor farmer participation in research: A synthesis of experience from nine national agricultural research systems. OFCOR Comparative Study Paper No.3. The Hague, ISNAR.

Binswanger, H.P. 1998. Agricultural and rural development: Painful lessons. In C.K. Eicher and J.M. Staatz, eds. International agricultural development, Third edition. Baltimore, Maryland, USA and London, Johns Hopkins University Press.

Blum, A. 1987. The Israeli experience in agricultural extension and its application to developing countries. In W.M. Rivera and S.G. Schram, eds. Agricultural extension worldwide: Issues, practices and emerging priorities. London, Croom Helm.

Blum, A. 1991. An improved Agricultural Knowledge System: The Israeli experience with regional research and development authorities. In W.M. Rivera and D.J. Gustafson, eds. Agricultural extension: Worldwide institutional evolution and forces for change. Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Elsevier Science Publishers.

Blum, A., Röling, N. & Engel, P.G.H. 1990. Effective management of Agricultural Knowledge Systems (AKS): an analytical approach. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 29(1): 27-37.

Bonnen, J.T. 1998. Agricultural development: Transforming human capital, technology and institutions. In C.K. Eicher and J.M. Staatz, eds. International agricultural development, Third edition. Baltimore, Maryland, USA and London, Johns Hopkins University Press.

Brown, L.R. & Kane, H. 1994. Full house: Reassessing the earth’s population carrying capacity. New York, Norton.

Bunting, A.H. 1986. Extension and technical change in agriculture. In G.E. Jones, ed. Investing in rural extension: Strategies and goals. London and New York, Elsevier.

Buttel, F. 1991. The restructuring of the American public agricultural research and technology transfer system: Implications for agricultural extension. In W.M. Rivera and D.J. Gustafson, eds. Agricultural extension: Worldwide institutional evolution and forces for change. Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Elsevier Science Publishers.

Byerlee, D. & Alex, G. 1998. Strengthening national agricultural research systems - policy issues and good practice. World Bank Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Series Report No. 17413. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Byrnes, K.J. 2001. Farmer organizations: Tapping their potential as catalysts for change in small-farmer agricultural systems. In F. Brewer, ed. Agricultural extension: An international perspective. North Chelmsford, Massachusetts, USA, Erudition Press.

Carrasco, A., Acker, D. & Grieshop, J. 2003. Absorbing the shocks: The case of food security, extension and the Agricultural Knowledge and Information System in Havana, Cuba. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 9(3): 93-102.

Chema, S., Gilbert, E. & Roseboom, J. 2003. A review of key issues and recent experiences in reforming agricultural research in Africa. Research Report No. 24. The Hague, ISNAR. Available at: www.isnar.cgiar.org/publications/pdf/rr-24.pdf

Chipeta, S. (forthcoming). Denmark: The role of livestock advisory service and skills development. In W.M. Rivera and G. Alex. Extension reform for rural development. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Cipolla, F.P. 1999. Human resources management in the public sector: Trends and challenges. Presentation for the Taiwan Executive Development Group, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA, Institute for Global Chinese Affairs.

Collion, M.-H. & Rondot, P. 2001. Investing in rural producer organizations for sustainable development. Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Knowledge and Information (SASKE) Good Practice Note. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Compton, J.L. 1984. Linking scientist and farmer: Rethinking extension’s role. In World food issues. New York, Cornell University.

Cox, M. 2001. Mejores prácticas en políticas y programas de desarrollo rural: Implicancias para el caso Chileno. Serie de Desarrollo Productivo. Santiago, Chile, CEPAL.

Cox, M. & Ortega, H. (forthcoming). Chile: Origin and evolution of a privatized extension system. In W.M. Rivera and G. Alex, eds. Extension reform for rural development. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Crawford, P. 1982. AID experience in agricultural research: A review of project evaluations. AID Program Evaluation Discussion Paper No. 13. Washington, DC, USAID.

Crowder, L. Van & Anderson, J. 1997. Linking research, extension and education: Why is the problem so persistent and pervasive? European Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 3(4).

Crowder, L. Van. 2000. National Agricultural Advisory Service (NAADS). Uganda, FAO/World Bank Formulation Mission.

Cummings, R.W. 1981. Strengthening linkages between agricultural research and farmers. Paper presented at workshop on Linkages between Agricultural Research and Farmers in Developing Countries. Paris.

De Janvry, A. & Sadoulet, E. 2001. Investing in rural development is good business. In R. Echeverría, ed. Development of rural economies. Washington, DC, Inter-American Development Bank.

Douthwaite, B. 2002. Enabling innovation: A practical guide to understanding and fostering technological change. London and New York, Zed Books.

Echeverría, R.G. 1998. Strategic elements for the reduction of rural poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean. Policy Research Paper. Washington, DC, Inter-American Development Bank, Sustainable Development Department, Environment Division.

Edquist, C. 1997. Systems of innovation: Emergence and characteristics. London, Castell Academic Press.

Eicher, C.K. 2001. Africa’s unfinished business: Building sustainable Agricultural Research Systems. Staff paper no. 20001-10. East Lansing, Michigan, USA, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University.

Eicher, C.K. 2004. Rebuilding Africa’s scientific capacity in food and agriculture. Staff Paper No. 2004-12. East Lansing, Michigan, USA; University of Michigan Department of Agricultural Economics.

Epanou, T. 1993. Partners in technology: Linking research and technology transfer to serve farmers. Research Report No. 1. The Hague, ISNAR.

Ewell, P.T. 1989. Linkages between on-farm research and extension in nine-countries. OFCOR Comparative Study Paper No. 4. The Hague, ISNAR.

FAO. 1990. Guideline for monitoring the impact of structural adjustment programmes on the agricultural sector, by A.H. Sarris. Economic and Social Development Paper No. 95. Rome.

FAO. 2001. Agricultural and rural extension worldwide: Options for institutional reform in the developing countries, by W.M. Rivera in collaboration with M.K. Qamar and L. Van Crowder. Rome.

FAO. 2002a. The role of agriculture in the development of LDCs and their integration into the world economy. Rome.

FAO. 2002b. From agricultural education to education for rural development and food security: All for education and food for all, by L. Gasperini. Rome. Available at: www.fao.org/sd/EXdirect/EXre0028.htm

FAO. 2003a. Agricultural extension, rural development and the food security challenge, by W.M. Rivera and M.K. Qamar. Rome.

FAO. 2003b. A new extension vision for food security: Challenge to change, by W.M. Rivera and M.K. Qamar. Rome.

FAO. 2003c. The one to watch: Radio, new ICTs and interactivity, edited by B. Girard. Rome.

FAO/World Bank. 2000. Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems for Rural Development (AKIS/RD): Strategic vision and guiding principles. Rome.

FAO/World Bank. 2001. Farming systems and poverty: Improving farmers’ livelihoods in a changing world, by J. Dixon, A. Gulliver and D. Gibbon. Rome and Washington, DC.

Fei, X. & Hiroyuki, T. 2000. Fee-charging extension in China: implications and function. Journal of Extension Systems, 16(1): 58-67.

Fletcher-Paul, L., Roberts-Nkrumah, L.B. & Johnson, L. 1990. To assess the education and training of professional women in agriculture. In Alternative strategies for agricultural development: An analysis of women and gender issues. 22-26 Jan. 1990. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Garforth, C. (forthcoming). Demand-led approaches. In W.M. Rivera and G. Alex, eds. Extension reform for rural development: Case studies of international initiatives. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Grabowski, R. 1981. Induced innovation, green revolution, and income distribution. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 30(1):177-181.

Gui, B. 1994. On the "third sector" in Central and Eastern European post-Soviet type economies. In T. Clarke, ed. International privatisation: Strategies and practices, pp. 273-288. Berlin and New York, Walter de Gruyter.

Gumbs, F.A. 1990. Regional agricultural development: Future plans and the role of women. In Alternative strategies for agricultural development: An analysis of women and gender issues. 22-26 Jan. 1990. University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad.

Habito, C.F. 1980. Constraints to agricultural education and training. The Philippines. Ministry of Agriculture.

Hanson, J.C. & Just, R.E. 2001. The potential for transition to paid extension: Some guiding economic principles. Presentation at the American Agricultural Economics Association session on Complements and Substitutes for Traditional Extension Services: Experiments and Experiences. New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, Allied Social Science Association Annual Meetings.

Hartwich, F. & Meijerink, G. 1999. An alternative view on the generation of agricultural knowledge: revising the systems approach to national agricultural research. ISNAR Discussion Paper No. 99-4. The Hague, ISNAR.

Heaver, R. 1982. Bureaucratic politics and incentives in the management of rural development. World Bank Staff Working Paper No. 537. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Kaimowitz, D. 1990. The evolution of links between extension and research in developing countries. In W.M. Rivera and D.J. Gustafson, eds. Agricultural extension: Worldwide institutional evolution and forces for change. Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Elsevier Science Publishers.

Kaimowitz, D., Snyder, M. & Engel, P.. 1989. A conceptual framework for studying the links between agricultural research and technology transfer in developing countries. In D. Kaimowitz, ed. Making the link: Agricultural research and technology transfer in developing countries. Boulder, Colorado, USA, Westview Press in collaboration with ISNAR.

Kamerman & Kahn, A., eds. 1994. Privatization and the welfare state. Princeton, New Jersey, USA, Princeton University Press.

Kerrigan, G. 2001. Gasto público para el desarrollo agrícola y apoyo a las areas rurales: Chile 1996-2000. Santiago, Chile, FAO, RLC.

Kidd, A.D., Lamers, J.P.A., Ficarelli, P.P. & Hoffmann, V. 2000. Privatizing agricultural extension: "caveat emptor". Journal of Rural Studies, 16: 95-102.

Killick, T. 1986. Twenty-five years in development: the rise and impending decline of market solutions. Development Policy Review, (Sage), 4(2): 99-116.

Lugg, D.G. 2004. Competitive grants programs - experience in Eastern Europe and Caucasus. Presentation at FAO, Rome.

Lundvall, B.A. 1992. National systems of innovation: Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. London, Printer Publishers.

Maguire, C.J. 2000. From agricultural education to education for rural development and food security. Paper presented at the fifth European Conference on Higher Agricultural Education, Plymouth, UK. Available at: www.fao.org/sd/EXdirect/EXre0029.htm.

McLean, K., Williams, M., Mokoli, M. & Ryan, A. 2001. Community based rural development: Reducing poverty from the ground up. World Bank, Rural Strategy Background Paper. Washington, DC, World Bank. Available at: www.eldis.org/static/DOC8406.htm.

Mercoiret, R,-M. Goudiaby, B., Marzaroli, S., Fall, D., Gueye, S. & Coulibaly, J. 2001. Empowering producer organizations: Issues, goals, and ambiguities. In P. Rondot and M.-H. Collion, eds. Agricultural producer organizations. Washington, DC, International Federation of Agricultural Producers and World Bank.

Merrill-Sands, D. & Kaimowitz, D. 1980. The technology triangle - linking farmers, technology transfer agents and agricultural researchers. The Hague, ISNAR.

Merrill-Sands, D. & MacAllister, J. 1989. Strengthening the integration of on-farm client-oriented research and experiment station research in National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS): Management lessons from nine country case studies. The Hague, ISNAR.

Mosher, A.T. 1978. An introduction to agricultural extension. New York, Agricultural Development Council.

Nagel, U.J. 1979. Knowledge flows in agriculture: linking research, extension and the farmer. Zietschrift für Ausländische Lndwirtschaft, 18(2): 135-150.

Neuchâtel Group. 2002. Common Framework on Financing Agricultural and Rural Development. Lindau, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Agricultural Extension and Rural Development (LBL).

Ojha, G.P. & Morin, S.R. 2001. Partnership in agricultural extension: Lessons from Chitwan (Nepal). Agricultural Research and Extension Network Paper No. 114, July 2001. London, Overseas Development Institute.

Paul, S. 1994. Strengthening public accountability through participation. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Pray, C. & Echeverría, R. 1990. Private sector agricultural research and technology transfer links in developing countries. In D. Kaimowitz, ed. Making the link: Agricultural research and technology transfer in developing countries. Boulder, Colorado, USA, Westview Press in collaboration with ISNAR.

Rivera, W.M. & Alex, G. 2004. The continuing role of government in pluralistic extension systems. Paper presented at the AIAEE conference, Dublin, 2-27 May 2004.

Rivera, W.M. & Alex, G., eds. (forthcoming). Extension reform for rural development. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Rivera, W.M. & Polak, J. 1990. Agricultural extension: The next step. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Rivera, W.M. & Schram, S.G. 1987a. Agricultural research and extension linkages: staff training course. College Park, Maryland, USA, Center for International Extension Development; College of Agriculture, University of Maryland.

Rivera, W.M. & Schram, S.G. 1987b. Agricultural extension worldwide: Issues, practices and emerging priorities. London, Croom Helm.

Rivera, W.M. & Zijp, W. 2002. Contracting for agricultural extension: International case studies and emerging priorities. Wallingford, UK, CABI Publishing.

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Röling, N. 1990. The agricultural research-technology transfer interface: a knowledge systems perspective. In D. Kaimowitz, ed. Making the link: Agricultural research and technology transfer in developing countries. Boulder, Colorado, USA, Westview Press in collaboration with ISNAR.

Röling, N. & Engel, P.G.H. 1991. The development of the concept of Agricultural Knowledge Information Systems (AKIS): Implications for extension. In W.M. Rivera and D.J. Gustafson, eds. Agricultural extension: Worldwide institutional evolution and forces for change; Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Elsevier Science Publishers.

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