Forest cover 28% of Poland which makes 0.2 ha and 36 m3 of growing stock per capita. Forested area and growing stock have slightly increased since 1970 but the forest increment has been diminishing mainly due to atmospheric pollution. According to Polish specialists the net annual increment will diminish from 30.4 to 28.0 million m3 in 1990 – 2020.
Thanks to accumulated wood reserves and cautious fellings policy, the annual removals can slightly be increased. As the annual increment is projected to exceed fellings and afforestation is expanding the forest area, the growing stock is increasing (from 1.39 to 1.51 billion m3 in 1990 – 2020).
The Polish consumption of forest products collapsed in 1990 as the country was experiencing a deep economic slump (one year before other countries of the region).
Modest economic growth started in 1992 and it can be expected that in 2000 the GDP will be about 10% higher than it was in 1990 but still lower than in the late 1980s.
The Polish specialist assumes very high consumption growth in 1990 – 2000 (20 – 25% in sawnwood and plywood, 85 – 110% in particle board and fibreboard, 60% in paper). However, when compared to the level of 1988 the growth rates remain rather modest (paper, sawnwood) or near zero (paper, plywood). The seemingly fast growth means only making up the losses of 1989 – 1991 but the Polish estimate may still be on the high side.
Growth rates projected by the Polish specialist will slow down considerably in 2000 – 2010. Consumption of fiberboard will increase only by 4%, sawnwood by 10%, particle board by 12%, plywood by 20%. This would imply low building and investment activity and the consumption of wood-based panels would still be below the level of 1988.
Paper consumption is projected to be 2.9% per year up from 2000 to 2010. This would seem slightly too optimistic in view of the projected annual GNP growth of about 2% for the period. Still per capita consumption of paper would be only 49 kg in 2010.
Accelerated growth for 2010 – 2020 is projected in sawnwood, particle board and fiberboard but steady growth for paper and slightly slower for plywood. This is consistent with our estimate of accelerated economic growth for this period.
Forests cover 33% of the country corresponding to 0.25 ha and 56 m3 of growing stock per capita. The sustained yield principle has been rather consistently adhered to. Indeed, the fellings have for a certain period in the early 1980s exceeded the allowable cut but they still have been less than the annual increment, resulting in constant increase in the growing stock.
The annual increment has been, however, diminishing due to impact of air pollution. According to Czech estimates the increment will decrease from 17.0 to 15.9 million m3 in 1990 – 2020. Total fellings are planned to remain constant, or 13.5 million m3, during that period and the growing stock will increase from 564 to 650 million m3.
The Czech economy fell into a deep recession in the early 1990s but a turn upwards started in 1994. It is, however, evident that the real GNP in 2000 will remain below the level of 1990.
The Czech forecast does not suggest growth of consumption till 2000, which is consistent with the expected economic development. The level will even be slightly lower than in 1990. However, the consumption level reported for fibreboard and paper is clearly underestimated. The reported level of paper consumption gives only 48 kg per capita while the real figure by far exceeds 60 kg (see PPI 1991).
From 2000 onwards no consumption growth is projected by the Czech forecast (except for very little for particle board and paper). This is not consistent with our assessment, which foresees an annual growth rate of 2 – 3% up to 2020. All the Czech estimates of forest product consumption should then be corrected upwards.
Forests cover 40% of Slovakia, which corresponds to 0.38 ha and 75 m3 of growing stock per capita. Forest management has been very similar to that of the Czech lands with the sustained yield principle as the guideline. Air pollution is also in Slovakia undermining part of the growth potential and the annual increment is projected to diminish from 11.4 to 10.4 million in 1990 – 2020. Fellings have been much below this figure and they are expected to increase from 5.8 up to 6.5 million m3 in the same period.
Consequently the growing stock is also increasing but surprisingly the Slovak forecast suggests a decline of it by 3% from 2010 to 2020. This is not consistent with the data on removals and increment. Changes in forest area will be minimal.
The Slovak economy has suffered more from the split up the republic in 1993 than the Czech lands and it will also recover from the recession more slowly. Slow economic growth will start in 1995 – 96 and it will accelerate later.
Consumption estimates of forest products have been made by us as Slovakia did not supply any figures on this. We assume that the consumption level of most products will be in 2000 below the level of 1990.
Sawnwood consumption will remain stagnant till 2010 and fibreboard will decline but particle board and paper will show a slow growth (0.5 – 1.0% annually). Some acceleration of growth will take place after 2010.
Forests cover 18% of the area corresponding to 0.16 ha and 25 m3 of growing stock per capita. The Hungarian forest resource data have been retrieved from Pajuoja (1994).
Hungary's forest resources have increased for a long period now thanks to afforestation programs and cautious fellings. Production level (6 – 7 million m3 in the 1980s) has constantly remained below the annual increment (above 9 million m3). In addition, softwood needs have been met by imports from the Soviet Union up to 1990.
The level of fellings has been slowly increasing since 1970. In the near future fellings could be considerably increased (37% in 1990 – 2020). It is doubtful whether domestic industrial wood utilization will grow as rapidly. Increasing exports (mostly broadleaved species) would be one possibility.
According to our forecast the Hungarian GDP will in 2000 reach 90% of the 1990 level. This would imply a lower or at best stagnant level of forest product consumption. The Hungarian forecast suggests that the consumption of sawnwood would in 2000 be 7% lower than and that of wood panels almost the same as in 1990. This can be considered realistic while the 16% rise in paper consumption is likely to be exaggerated. The Hungarian forecast for 2000 – 2010 is very cautious foreseeing an annual growth rate of only 0.5 – 0.6%. We think that this is unduly pessimistic as the economy is expected to grow at an annual rate of 2%. After 2010 slight acceleration of consumption growth is foreseen, ranging from 1.5% for sawnwood to below 0.5% per year for paper, the other products remaining in between. For sawnwood and panels this may be realistic but the rate for paper is too low.
Forests cover 53% of Slovenia which makes 0.47 ha and 96 m3 of growing stock per capita. The utilization rate of forests has been low when compared to growth potential. The annual increment is projected to increase further by a third in 1990 – 2020. As the annual fellings are planned to grow by 28% from 2.9 to 3.7 million m3 the growing stock would increase by a quarter. The forested area would remain almost constant.
Mountainous terrain and dispersed ownership structure of forests are obstacles to full utilization of the country's wood production potential.
Also the Slovenian economy is experiencing a slump caused mainly by the collapse of the Yugoslav market. A slow recovery will probably start in the late 1990s but the level of 1990 will hardly be attained by 2000.
The Slovenian forecast suggests nearly zero growth of sawnwood and wood-based panels but a radical (30%) decline in paper consumption in 1990 – 2000. Very modest (0.3 – 0.6%) annual growth rates of sawnwood and panels are projected up to 2020.
The figures for wood products imply a rather sluggish building activity during the period which may be realistic. As for paper, the consumption figure for 1990, reported by the Slovenian specialist, 428 000 tons is much too high (214 kg per capita), it would put the country among the top five consumers of paper in the world. The level indicated by PPI was near 230 000 tons in the early 1990s.
The Croatians did not provide any estimates, why we use the data presented by Pajuoja (1994). Forests cover over a third of Croatia (0,43 ha and 70 m3 of growing stock per capita). The fellings have been slightly below the net annual increment, 6 million m3. There is no growth of the fellings in view, the growing stock will slightly increase, up to 348 million m3 in 2020 but the forest area will remain unchanged.
Parts of Croatia are occupied by Serbs and some damages have been caused by the war, which adds uncertainty to the forecasts.
The Croatians supplied consumption data for 1991 – 92 but forecasts concerning only paper.
The prospects for Croatian economy are especially difficult to foresee. It is undergoing a deep slump, which may be prolonged if the war continues. It is clear that the consumption of forest products will in 2000 be much lower than it was in 1990. Thus we cannot agree with the Croatian growth scenario for paper consumption. In the building sector much will depend on when the war ends and reconstruction begins, which would mean several years' boom in sawnwood and panel demand.
The situation is at present too insecure to justify any exact forecasts.
As the Romanians did not provide us with sufficient data, we have used various sources (Romanian, Pajuoja 1994, Comecon publications).
Forests cover 26% of the country (appr. 0.23 ha and 52 m3 of growing stock per capita). Contrary to other countries of the region, the growing stock seems to have diminished in Romania in the period 1980 – 90 (as suggested by Kuusela 1993). Overcutting is probably the main reason. Up to 1987 annual fellings were in the level of 23 – 26 million m3 but they have been subsequently reduced to near 15 million, which will be the target level for the next few years at least.
This will also result in an increase in the growing stock as the annual increment is estimated at 31.6 million m3. At present privatization (which, however, will not exceed 8 % of the forest area) and slackening control of the state property have lead to unchecked forest exploitation, which may jeopardize the sustained yield principle. Still, the annual increment is much in excess of fellings, why the growing stock is increasing allowing to continue to raise fellings in the future.
The recent economic slump in Romania has been more serious than elsewhere in the region (except for Croatia). In the bottom year 1995 the GNP will be only a half of the level of 1989. Slow recovery will probably start in 1996 but the level of 1990 will only be attained after 2010.
The Romanians did not supply any consumption estimates or forecasts. They have been calculated according to the FAO data. Forecasts are based on an annual growth rate of 2% in 2000 – 2010 and 3% in 2010 – 2020.
Forests cover 30% of the area (0.37 ha and 40 m3 of growing stock per capita). Forest resources have increased in Bulgaria for a long period thanks to afforestation programs and cautious utilization. The level of annual removals was reduced from 6 million to about 4.5 million m3 from the early 1970s till the mid-1980s. The gap was filled by wood deliveries from the Komi region in Northern Russia, which in 1990 amounted to 1.2 million m3 but subsequently declined to below 0.3 million m3.
There is much room for increasing removals by simultaneously meeting the growing environmental requirements. Net increment was estimated by Bulgarian experts at nearly 9 million m3 in 1990 (Pajuoja, 1994, reports 10.5 million) while the fellings were reported to be 4.8 – 6.6 million m3. They would amount to 8.1 million in 2000 and to 8.7 million in 2010 and would stabilize to slightly more beyond that. The growing stock would increase reaching 441 million m3 in 2020.
The expansion of the forested area would be negligible. It is, however, probable that due to environmental pressures and logging problems in the mountains, actual fellings will remain below the projected figures.
The economic downturn affected the consumption of forest products already in 1990 but subsequently the slump worsened the situation. The decline in GDP for 1990 – 95 can be estimated at 35%, one of the deepest in the region.
The Bulgarians did not provide any consumption forecasts. Supposing moderate economic growth after 1996, the level of GDP in 2000 will not reach 80% of the 1990 level, which will be attained only after 2010. Supposing moderate economic growth in 2000 – 2020 the per capita consumption of paper would be only 50 kg in 2020.
The Bulgarian markets were traditionally dependent on Soviet deliveries of roundwood, sawnwood, pulp and paper. Most of these supplies have dropped away while the domestic demand has also declined.
The forests, mostly situated in the mountains, cover 36% of Albania (0.32 ha and 25 m3 of growing stock per capita).
Contrary to land use developments in the other countries being studied in Albania the forest area has diminished since the late 1950s although afforestation programs have been also carried out. Most of the losses of the forest area have been caused by field clearance in the lowland and uncontrolled fuelwood collection.
Local overcutting near villages on one hand and virgin forests in roadless regions on the other are typical of Albanian forest utilization.
The reported annual increment is only 1.3 million m3 but this is obviously too low as the recorded increment in the Mediterranean region exceeds 3 m3 per ha (cf. Kuusela 1993, 165). For Albania this would mean an annual increment of nearly 3 million m3. The annual allowable cut is only 1.5 million m3, as much of the growing stock is still inaccessible for logging. The fellings were estimated by Albanians at 3.1 million m3 while FAO reported 2.6 million m3 for 1991. Due to unreliable data exact forecasts are not justified. Slight growth of the forest area is possible if afforestation programs are continued. The growing stock will not increase if large-scale fuelwood cuts continue. Total increments and fellings are likely to remain rather constant.
Albania is the poorest country in Europe, which is also reflected in the level and composition of forest product consumption. Fuelwood still makes up one third of all wood utilization.
The Albanian data are available on consumption for 1990 but forecasts have been prepared by us. Albania is also undergoing a deep economic recession and thus the consumption in 2000 will remain considerably below the level of 1990, which will be attained only after 2010. However, extremely low levels of particle board and plywood consumption are likely to show faster growth rates.
The consumption of fuelwood will remain important in the foreseeable future.
Forests cover 26% of the area, which makes 0.44 ha and 75 m3 of growing stock per capita. Underutilization of the forests' growth potential has been typical of all the Baltic States, including Lithuania. The growing stock has increased while at the same time much of the industrial softwood needs were covered by deliveries from Northern Russia before the independence in 1991.
According to Lithuanian experts the growing stock would increase by more than a quarter and fellings by as much as 80% in 1990 – 2020 while the net annual increment would decline by 10%. Pollution is among the main causes to that.
The estimates provided by Lithuanian experts need some revision. Paper consumption reported for 1990, 218 000 tons, would mean a per capita level of 57 kg, while the correct figure is near 30 kg (or less). Also the forecasts raise doubts. According to our estimates the real GDP in 2000 will be only half of the level of 1990, which means a radical drop in forest products consumption. However, the Lithuanians foresee growth for sawnwood (by 2.6% annually), plywood (3.6%) and particle board (0.6%).
Construction activity may naturally recover in the late 1990s but not this much. From 2000 onwards growth rates seem more realistic (although 50% for sawnwood in 2000 – 2010 and 45% for paper in 2010 – 2020 is probably too much). These data need serious rethinking.
Forests cover 55% of the area which makes 0.86 ha and 135 m3 of growing stock per capita. Fellings have been for a long time below the annual increment. The forest resources and growth potential have been underrated during the Soviet period and softwood has been delivered from Russia to Latvia's industrial needs. As a result the growing stock has constantly increased since the 1960s. At present the Latvians are planning to raise annual fellings from 6.2 to 9.2 million m3 till 2020. From the late 1990s onwards, the fellings would exceed the annual increment to such an extent that the growing stock would remain constant as the area of exploitable forest is not going to change.
Latvia's economic slump has been so serious that in 2000 the GNP will be only about a half of the level in 1990. The consumption of forest products will also follow these developments. The consumption forecast for 2000 provided by Latvian experts (2.6% annual growth in sawnwood, near-stagnation in panels, -0.7% in paper) appear to be overoptimistic. From 2000 onwards more realism is displayed: 1.2% p.a. for sawnwood but stagnation for plywood and particleboard. If the building activity revives panel consumption will also grow. Surprisingly, fiberboard is projected to more than triple. The growth rate for paper is 4.1% annually if we assume that the economy expands 2% annually till 2010. In the following ten-year period Latvians foresee declining growth rates for sawnwood and paper and stagnation for wood-based panels. This is not consistent with our assumption that the economies in transition will expand more rapidly then than in the preceding period.
Forests cover 40% of the area making 1.3 ha and 160 m3 of growing stock per capita. The growing stock has constantly increased thanks to the same reasons as in Latvia. There is much room for increasing fellings. As the Estonian data are limited to the present situation we have used the data by Pajuoja (1993), although some discrepancies exist. For instance, one Estonian estimate and Pajuoja claim that the net annual increment is 8.4 million m3 while in Latvia, with more forest area and a warmer climate, the figure given is only 7.0 million m3. A former Estonian estimate was 5.3 million m3, which is more consistent with the Latvian figure. This discrepancy must be checked.
Anyhow, fellings can be considerably expanded in Estonia also without diminishing the growing stock. According to Pajuoja (1993) fellings will rise from 3.3 up to 7.5 million m3 in 1990 – 2020 while the growing stock would increase from 240 to 341 million m3. There would then be much more room for increased fellings. The forested area would grow only marginally.
No consumption data was available from national sources. The Estonian economy has fared slightly better than the other Baltic economies but still the GNP in 2000 will be about half of the level ten years earlier. Real incomes are however likely to be relatively higher thanks to e.g. earnings abroad and foreign aid. Even in the case of important revival of construction activity in the late 1990s the consumption of sawnwood and panels will be considerably below the level of 1990, which will most probably be reached only after 2010. The same goes for paper. The rise in sawnwood and fiberboard consumption will be slower than in other items.
LITERATURE CONSULTED
ECE/FAO. 1985. European Timber Trends Study.
Evonomika Stredni a vychodni Europy (1994) Ctvrtletní prehled. Centrum vnejsích ekonomických vztaho. Praha
FAO Yearbook of Forest Products. Rome
Hunya Gábor (1993) Central and Eastern Europe: uneven recovery. WIIW
Kuusela Kullervo (1993) Trends of European forest resources on the basis of the FAO/ECE Timber Committee resource assessments. Silva Fennica vol. 27. No 2.
Pajuoja Heikki (1993) Outlook for the European forest resource and roundwood supply (Draft)
PPI Annual Review. July 1991, 1993.
Statisticheskii yezhegodnik stran-chlenov Soveta Ekonomicheskoi Vzaimopomoshchi (1989) Moscow
Reports by national experts
Country tables
Figures in italics refer to ETTS IV
ALBANIA
| Estimates | Annual growth rates, % | Forest resources per ha | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2020 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Population | 3 250 | 3 795 | 4 316 | 4 792 | 1,6 | 1,3 | 1,1 | ||||
| Area (1 000 ha.) | 909 | 910 | 0,0 | - | - | ||||||
| Growing stock (1 000 m3) | 71 700 | 63 550 | 55 400 | 47 250 | -1,2 | -1,4 | -1,6 | 79 | 70 | ||
| Net annual increment (1 000 m3) | 1 293 | 1 293 | 1 293 | 1 293 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Fellings (1 000 m3) | 2 108 | 2 108 | 2 108 | 2 108 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Removals - total (1 000 m3) | 2 008 | 2 008 | 2 008 | 2 008 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Sawn softwood (1000 m3) | 55 | 40 | 50 | 65 | -3,1 | 2,3 | 2,7 | ||||
| Sawn softwood (m3/1 000 cap) | 17 | 11 | 12 | 14 | -4,6 | 0,9 | 1,6 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (1000 m3) | 154 | 110 | 135 | 180 | -3,3 | 2,1 | 2,9 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (m3/1 000 cap) | 47 | 29 | 31 | 38 | -4,8 | 0,8 | 1,8 | ||||
| Particleboard (1000 m3) | 1 | 1 | 5 | no estimate | 0,0 | 17,5 | - | ||||
| Particleboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1,5 | 16,0 | - | |||||
| Fibreboard (1000 m3) | 9 | 8 | 10 | -1,2 | 2,3 | - | |||||
| Fibreboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 3 | 2 | 2 | -2,7 | 0,9 | - | |||||
| Plywood (1000 m3) | 6 | 5 | 6 | -1,8 | 1,8 | - | |||||
| Plywood (m3/1 000 cap) | 2 | 1 | 1 | -3,3 | 0,5 | - | |||||
| Paper and board (1000 MT) | 16 | 11 | 14 | -3,7 | 2,4 | - | |||||
| Paper and board (kg/cap) | 5 | 3 | 3 | -5,2 | 1,1 | - | |||||
| Fuelwood (1000 m3) | 707 | 710 | 720 | 0,0 | 0,1 | - | |||||
| Fuelwood (m3/1000 cap) | 218 | 187 | 167 | -1,5 | -1,1 | - | |||||
BULGARIA
| Estimates | Annual growth rates, % | Forest resources per ha | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2020 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Population | 8 990 | 9 071 | 9 059 | 8 985 | 0,1 | -0,0 | -0,1 | ||||
| Area (1 000 ha.) | 3 327 | 3 381 | 3 421 | 3 421 | 0,2 | 0,1 | 0,0 | ||||
| Growing stock (1 000 m3) | 360 000 | 391 900 | 420 150 | 441 100 | 0,9 | 0,7 | 0,5 | 108 | 116 | 123 | 129 |
| Net annual increment (1 000 m3) | 8 640 | 9 555 | 9 770 | 9 800 | 1,0 | 0,2 | 0,0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Fellings (1 000 m3) | 6 630 | 8 094 | 8 690 | 8 776 | 2,0 | 0,7 | 0,1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Removals - total (1 000 m3) | 4 570 | 4 825 | 5 083 | 5 358 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Sawn softwood (1000 m3) | 916 | 730 | 890 | 1 100 | -2,2 | 2,0 | 2,1 | ||||
| Sawn softwood (m3/1 000 cap) | 102 | 80 | 98 | 122 | -2,3 | 2,0 | 2,2 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (1000 m3) | 240 | 190 | 230 | 300 | -2,3 | 1,9 | 2,7 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (m3/1000 cap) | 27 | 21 | 25 | 33 | -2,4 | 1,9 | 2,8 | ||||
| Particleboard (1000 m3) | 231 | 190 | 230 | 310 | -1,9 | 1,9 | 3,0 | ||||
| Particleboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 26 | 21 | 25 | 35 | -2,0 | 1,9 | 3,1 | ||||
| Fibreboard (1000 m3) | 67 | 50 | 60 | 80 | -2,9 | 1,8 | 2,9 | ||||
| Fibreboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 7 | 6 | 7 | 9 | -3,0 | 1,9 | 3,0 | ||||
| Plywood (1000 m3) | 69 | 55 | 70 | 90 | -2,2 | 2,4 | 2,5 | ||||
| Plywood (m3/1 000 cap) | 8 | 6 | 8 | 10 | -2,3 | 2,5 | 2,6 | ||||
| Paper and board (1000 MT) | 391 | 310 | 380 | 510 | -2,3 | 2,1 | 3,0 | ||||
| Paper and board (kg/cap) | 43 | 34 | 42 | 57 | -2,4 | 2,1 | 3,1 | ||||
| Fuelwood (1000 m3) | 1 500 | 1 610 | 0,7 | - | - | ||||||
| Fuelwood (m3/1000 cap) | 167 | 177 | 0,6 | - | - | ||||||
LATVIA
| Estimates | Annual growth rates, % | Forest resources per ha | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2020 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Population | 2 668 | 2 832 | 3 007 | 3 192 | 0,6 | 0,6 | 0,6 | ||||
| Area (1 000 ha.) | 2 248 | 2 248 | 2 248 | 2 248 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| Growing stock (1 000 m3) | 351 000 | 351 000 | 351 000 | 351 000 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 156 | 156 | 156 | 156 |
| Net annual increment (1 000 m3) | 7 017 | 7 017 | 7 017 | 7 017 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Fellings (1 000 m3) | 6 202 | 7 400 | 8 400 | 9 200 | 1,8 | 1,3 | 0,9 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| Removals - total (1 000 m3) | 4 994 | 6 553 | 7 423 | 8 116 | 2,8 | 1,3 | 0,9 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Sawn softwood (1000 m3) | 670 | 900 | 1 000 | 1 100 | 3,0 | 1,1 | 1,0 | ||||
| Sawn softwood (m3/1 000 cap) | 251 | 318 | 333 | 345 | 2,4 | 0,5 | 0,4 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (1000 m3) | 120 | 160 | 180 | 200 | 2,9 | 1,2 | 1,1 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (m3/1 000 cap) | 45 | 56 | 60 | 63 | 2,3 | 0,6 | 0,5 | ||||
| Particleboard (1000 m3) | 217 | 220 | 220 | 220 | 0,1 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| Particleboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 81 | 78 | 73 | 69 | -0,5 | -0,6 | -0,6 | ||||
| Fibreboard (1000 m3) | 23 | 25 | 70 | 70 | 1,0 | 10,8 | 0,0 | ||||
| Fibreboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 8 | 9 | 23 | 22 | 0,4 | 10,2 | -0,6 | ||||
| Plywood (1000 m3) | 65 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 4,5 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| Plywood (m3/1 000 cap) | 24 | 35 | 33 | 31 | 3,8 | -0,6 | -0,6 | ||||
| Paper and board (1000 MT) | 107 | 100 | 150 | 200 | -0,7 | 4,1 | 2,9 | ||||
| Paper and board (kg/cap) | 40 | 35 | 50 | 63 | -1,3 | 3,5 | 2,3 | ||||
| Fuelwood (1000 m3) | 1 610 | 2 000 | 2 500 | 3 000 | 2,2 | 2,3 | 1,8 | ||||
| Fuelwood (m3/1000 cap) | 603 | 706 | 831 | 940 | 1,6 | 1,6 | 1,2 | ||||
LITHUANIA
| Estimates | Annual growth rates, % | Forest resources per ha | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2020 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |||
| Population | 3 738 | 4 088 | 4 471 | 4 890 | 0,9 | 0,9 | 0,9 | ||||
| Area (1 000 ha.) | 1 693 | 1 713 | 1 743 | 1 777 | 0,1 | 0,2 | 0,2 | ||||
| Growing stock (1 000 m3) | 288 014 | 328 544 | 354 174 | 367 274 | 1,3 | 0,8 | 0,4 | 170 | 192 | 203 | 207 |
| Net annual increment (1 000 m3) | 7 482 | 7 322 | 7 026 | 6 720 | -0,2 | -0,4 | -0,4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Fellings (1 000 m3) | 3 429 | 4 759 | 5 716 | 6 231 | 3,3 | 1,8 | 0,9 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Removals - total (1 000 m3) | 2 692 | 3 792 | 4 669 | 5 140 | 3,5 | 2,1 | 1,0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Sawn softwood (1000 m3) | 776 | 1 000 | 1 500 | 1 700 | 2,6 | 4,1 | 1,3 | ||||
| Sawn softwood (m3/1 000 cap) | 208 | 245 | 335 | 348 | 1,7 | 3,2 | 0,4 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (1000 m3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (m3/1 000 cap) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
| Particleboard (1000 m3) | 176 | 190 | 200 | 250 | 0,8 | 0,5 | 2,3 | ||||
| Particleboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 47 | 46 | 45 | 51 | -0,1 | -0,4 | 1,3 | ||||
| Fibreboard (1000 m3) | 132 | 120 | 100 | 100 | -0,9 | -1,8 | 0,0 | ||||
| Fibreboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 35 | 29 | 22 | 20 | -1,8 | -2,7 | -0,9 | ||||
| Plywood (1000 m3) | 21 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 3,6 | 2,9 | 2,3 | ||||
| Plywood (m3/1 000 cap) | 6 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 2,7 | 2,0 | 1,3 | ||||
| Paper and board (1000 MT) | 218 | 190 | 220 | 320 | -1,3 | 1,5 | 3,8 | ||||
| Paper and board (kg/cap) | 58 | 46 | 49 | 65 | -2,2 | 0,6 | 2,9 | ||||
| Fuelwood (1000 m3) | 1 000 | 1 500 | 2 000 | 1 800 | 4,1 | 2,9 | -1,0 | ||||
| Fuelwood (m3/1000 cap) | 268 | 367 | 447 | 368 | 3,2 | 2,0 | -1,9 | ||||
SLOVAKIA
| Estimates | Annual growth rates, % | Forest resources per ha | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2020 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Population | 5 200 | 5 300 | 0,2 | - | - | ||||||
| Area (1 000 ha.) | 1 922 | 1 930 | 1 935 | 1 932 | 0,0 | 0,0 | -0,0 | ||||
| Growing stock (1 000 m3) | 383 334 | 384 748 | 391 885 | 381 171 | 0,0 | 0,2 | -0,3 | 199 | 199 | 203 | 197 |
| Net annual increment (1 000 m3) | 11 373 | 11 203 | 10 997 | 10 396 | -0,2 | -0,2 | -0,6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| Fellings (1 000 m3) | 5 803 | 5 623 | 5 779 | 6 455 | -0,3 | 0,3 | 1,1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Removals - total (1 000 m3) | 4 700 | 4 555 | 4 681 | 5 229 | -0,3 | 0,3 | 1,1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Sawn softwood (1000 m3) | 920 | 920 | 920 | 930 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,1 | ||||
| Sawn softwood (m3/1 000 cap) | 177 | 174 | -0,2 | ||||||||
| Sawn hardwood (1000 m3) | 370 | 370 | 370 | 380 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,3 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (m3/1 000 cap) | 71 | 70 | -0,2 | ||||||||
| Particleboard (1000 m3) | 280 | 265 | 280 | 290 | -0,5 | 0,6 | 0,4 | ||||
| Particleboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 54 | 50 | -0,7 | ||||||||
| Fibreboard (1000 m3) | 80 | 80 | 70 | 70 | 0,0 | -1,3 | 0,0 | ||||
| Fibreboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 15 | 15 | -0,2 | ||||||||
| Plywood (1000 m3) | 60 | 55 | 60 | 70 | -0,9 | 0,9 | 1,6 | ||||
| Plywood (m3/1 000 cap) | 12 | 10 | -1,1 | ||||||||
| Paper and board (1000 MT) | 310 | 360 | 400 | 500 | 1,5 | 1,1 | 2,3 | ||||
| Paper and board (kg/cap) | 60 | 68 | 1,3 | ||||||||
| Fuelwood (1000 m3) | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| Fuelwood (m3 1000 cap) | 115 | 113 | -0,2 | ||||||||
ESTONIA
| Estimates | Annual growth rates, % | Forest resources per ha | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2020 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Population | 1 575 | 1 689 | 1 811 | 1 942 | 0,7 | 0,7 | 0,7 | ||||
| Area (1 000 ha.) | 1 907 | 1 920 | 1 930 | 1 940 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | ||||
| Growing stock (1 000 m3) | 240 000 | 291 500 | 326 000 | 340 900 | 2,0 | 1,1 | 0,4 | 126 | 152 | 169 | 176 |
| Net annual increment (1 000 m3) | 8 400 | 9 450 | 9 490 | 8 540 | 1,2 | 0,0 | -1,0 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| Fellings (1 000 m3) | 3 250 | 5 000 | 7 000 | 7 500 | 4,4 | 3,4 | 0,7 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| Removals - total (1 000 m3) | 2 960 | 4 550 | 6 370 | 6 830 | 4,4 | 3,4 | 0,7 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Sawn softwood (1000 m3) | 650 | 460 | 510 | 600 | -3,4 | 1,0 | 1,6 | ||||
| Sawn softwood (m3/1 000 cap) | 413 | 272 | 282 | 309 | -4,1 | 0,3 | 0,9 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (1000 m3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (m3/1000 cap) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
| Particleboard (1000 m3) | 140 | 100 | 125 | 165 | -3,3 | 2,3 | 2,8 | ||||
| Particleboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 89 | 59 | 69 | 85 | -4,0 | 1,5 | 2,1 | ||||
| Fibreboard (1000 m3) | 40 | 30 | 35 | 45 | -2,8 | 1,6 | 2,5 | ||||
| Fibreboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 25 | 18 | 19 | 23 | -3,5 | 0,8 | 1,8 | ||||
| Plywood (1000 m3) | 25 | 20 | 25 | 35 | -2,2 | 2,3 | 3,4 | ||||
| Plywood (m3/1 000 cap) | 16 | 12 | 14 | 18 | -2,9 | 1,5 | 2,7 | ||||
| Paper and board (1000 MT) | 85 | 60 | 75 | 100 | -3,4 | 2,3 | 2,9 | ||||
| Paper and board (kg/cap) | 54 | 36 | 41 | 52 | -4,1 | 1,5 | 2,2 | ||||
| Fuelwood (1000 m3) | 414 | - | - | - | |||||||
| Fuelwood (m3/1000 cap) | 263 | - | - | - | |||||||
SLOVENIA
| Estimates | Annual growth rates, % | Forest resources per ha | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2020 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Population | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Area (1 000 ha.) | 946 | 947 | 948 | 950 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| Growing stock (1 000 m3) | 192 083 | 212 490 | 233 740 | 256 650 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 0,9 | 203 | 224 | 247 | 270 |
| Net annual increment (1 000 m3) | 4 974 | 5 312 | 5 727 | 6 160 | 0,7 | 0,8 | 0,7 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Fellings (1 000 m3) | - | - | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Removals - total (1 000 m3) | 2 933 | 3 187 | 3 436 | 3 696 | 0,8 | 0,8 | 0,7 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| Sawn softwood (1000 m3) | 587 | 750 | 775 | 800 | 2,5 | 0,3 | 0,3 | ||||
| Sawn softwood (m3/1 000 cap) | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Sawn hardwood (1000 m3) | 325 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 0,7 | 1,3 | 1,2 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (m3/1000 cap) | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Particleboard (1000 m3) | 290 | 300 | 310 | 320 | 0,3 | 0,3 | 0,3 | ||||
| Particleboard (m3/1 000 cap) | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Fibreboard (1000 m3) | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 1,1 | 1,0 | 0,9 | ||||
| Fibreboard (m3/1 000 cap) | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Plywood (1000 m3) | 30 | 32 | 34 | 36 | 0,6 | 0,6 | 0,6 | ||||
| Plywood (m3 1 000 cap) | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Paper and board (1000 MT) | 428 | 300 | 350 | 400 | -3,5 | 1,6 | 1,3 | ||||
| Paper and board (kg/cap) | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Fuelwood (1000 m3) | 194 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 0,3 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| Fuelwood (m3 1000 cap) | - | - | - | ||||||||
CZECH REP.
| Estimates | Annual growth rates, % | Forest resources per ha | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2020 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Population | 10 400 | 10 600 | 0,2 | - | - | ||||||
| Area (1 000 ha.) | 2 582 | 2 650 | 2 638 | 2 627 | 0,3 | -0,0 | -0,0 | ||||
| Growing stock (1 000 m3) | 564 110 | 596 830 | 624 800 | 649 810 | 0,6 | 0,5 | 0,4 | 218 | 225 | 237 | 247 |
| Net annual increment (1 000 m3) | 17 047 | 16 499 | 16 225 | 15 907 | -0,3 | -0,2 | -0,2 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Fellings (1 000 m3) | 13 533 | 13 469 | 13 661 | 13 469 | -0,0 | 0,1 | -0,1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Removals - total (1 000 m3) | 11 666 | 11 615 | 11 776 | 11 615 | -0,0 | 0,1 | -0,1 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Sawn softwood (1000 m3) | 2 410 | 2 450 | 2 450 | 2 450 | 0,2 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| Sawn softwood (m3/1 000 cap) | 232 | 231 | -0,0 | ||||||||
| Sawn hardwood (1000 m3) | 180 | 180 | 180 | 180 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (m3/1000 cap) | 17 | 17 | -0,2 | - | |||||||
| Particleboard (1000 m3) | 640 | 640 | 650 | 650 | 0,0 | 0,2 | 0,0 | ||||
| Particleboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 62 | 60 | -0,2 | - | |||||||
| Fibreboard (1000 m3) | 72 | 70 | 60 | 60 | -0,3 | -1,5 | 0,0 | ||||
| Fibreboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 7 | 7 | -0,5 | - | |||||||
| Plywood (1000 m3) | 130 | 130 | 130 | 130 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| Plywood (m3/1 000 cap) | 13 | 12 | -0,2 | - | |||||||
| Paper and board (1000 MT) | 490 | 490 | 500 | 500 | 0,0 | 0,2 | 0,0 | ||||
| Paper and board (kg/cap) | 47 | 46 | -0,2 | - | |||||||
| Fuelwood (1000 m3) | 1 300 | 1 300 | 1 300 | 1 300 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| Fuelwood (m3/1000 cap) | 125 | 123 | -0,2 | - | |||||||
ROMANIA
| Estimates | Annual growth rates, % | Forest resources per ha | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2020 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Population | 23 200 | 24 346 | 25 013 | 25 521 | 0,5 | 0,3 | 0,2 | ||||
| Area (1 000 ha.) | 5 745 | 5 770 | 5 795 | 5 820 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| Growing stock (1 000 m3) | 1 305 000 | 1 397 000 | 1 479 000 | 1 549 000 | 0,7 | 0,6 | 0,5 | 227 | 242 | 255 | 266 |
| Net annual increment (1 000 m3) | 31 594 | 31 594 | 31 584 | 31 594 | 0,0 | -0,0 | 0,0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Fellings (1 000 m3) | 15 950 | 15 950 | 15 950 | 15 950 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Removals - total (1 000 m3) | 14 226 | 14 226 | 14 226 | 14 226 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Sawn softwood (1000 m3) | 1 111 | 770 | 940 | 1 250 | -3,6 | 2,0 | 2,9 | ||||
| Sawn softwood (m3/1 000 cap) | 48 | 32 | 38 | 49 | -4,1 | 1,7 | 2,7 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (1000 m3) | 1 444 | 1 010 | 1 230 | 1 640 | -3,5 | 2,0 | 2,9 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (m3/1000 cap) | 62 | 41 | 49 | 64 | -4,0 | 1,7 | 2,7 | ||||
| Particleboard (1000 m3) | 581 | 405 | 490 | 650 | -3,5 | 1,9 | 2,9 | ||||
| Particleboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 25 | 17 | 20 | 25 | -4,0 | 1,6 | 2,7 | ||||
| Fibreboard (1000 m3) | 304 | 210 | 255 | 300 | -3,6 | 2,0 | 1,6 | ||||
| Fibreboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 13 | 9 | 10 | 12 | -4,1 | 1,7 | 1,4 | ||||
| Plywood (1000 m3) | 84 | 60 | 73 | 100 | -3,3 | 2,0 | 3,2 | ||||
| Plywood (m3/1 000 cap) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | -3,8 | 1,7 | 3,0 | ||||
| Paper and board (1000 MT) | 537 | 375 | 460 | 610 | -3,5 | 2,1 | 2,9 | ||||
| Paper and board (kg/cap) | 23 | 15 | 18 | 24 | -4,0 | 1,8 | 2,7 | ||||
| Fuelwood (1000 m3) | 3 405 | 3 780 | 1,1 | - | - | ||||||
| Fuelwood (m3/1000 cap) | 147 | 155 | 0,6 | - | - | ||||||
CROATIA
| Estimates | Annual growth rates, % | Forest resources per ha | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2020 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Population | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Area (1 000 ha.) | 2 013 | 2 013 | 2 013 | 2 013 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| Growing stock (1 000 m3) | 333 000 | 338 000 | 343 000 | 348 000 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 165 | 168 | 170 | 173 |
| Net annual increment (1 000 m3) | 6 000 | 6 000 | 6 000 | 6 000 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Fellings (1 000 m3) | 5 500 | 5 500 | 5 500 | 5 500 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Removals - total (1 000 m3) | 4 257 | 4 257 | 4 257 | 4 257 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Sawn softwood (1000 m3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
| Sawn softwood (m3/1 000 cap) | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Sawn hardwood (1000 m3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (m3/1000 cap) | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Particleboard (1000 m3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
| Particleboard (m3/1 000 cap) | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Fibreboard (1000 m3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
| Fibreboard (m3/1 000 cap) | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Plywood (1000 m3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
| Plywood (m3/1 000 cap) | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Paper and board (1000 MT) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
| Paper and board (kg/cap) | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Fuelwood (1000 m3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | ||||
| Fuelwood (m3/1000 cap) | - | - | - | ||||||||
HUNGARY
| Estimates | Annual growth rates, % | Forest resources per ha | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2020 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Population | 10 360 | 10 531 | 10 459 | 10 291 | 0,2 | -0,1 | -0,2 | ||||
| Area (1 000 ha.) | 1 656 | 1 731 | 1 806 | 1 881 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 0,4 | ||||
| Growing stock (1 000 m3) | 273 000 | 293 000 | 315 000 | 340 000 | 0,7 | 0,7 | 0,8 | 165 | 169 | 174 | 181 |
| Net annual increment (1 000 m3) | 9 669 | 10 094 | 11 069 | 12 097 | 0,4 | 0,9 | 0,9 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Fellings (1 000 m3) | 7 034 | 8 554 | 8 937 | 9 890 | 2,0 | 0,4 | 1,0 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Removals - total (1 000 m3) | 5 662 | 6 873 | 7 153 | 7 888 | 2,0 | 0,4 | 1,0 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Sawn softwood (1 000 m3) | 998 | 930 | 1 040 | 1 220 | -0,7 | 1,1 | 1,6 | ||||
| Sawn softwood (m3/1 000 cap) | 96 | 88 | 99 | 119 | -0,9 | 1,2 | 1,8 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (1000 m3) | 672 | 520 | 630 | 680 | -2,5 | 1,9 | 0,8 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (m3/1000 cap) | 65 | 49 | 60 | 66 | -2,7 | 2,0 | 0,9 | ||||
| Particleboard (1000 m3) | 314 | 320 | 340 | 365 | 0,2 | 0,6 | 0,7 | ||||
| Particleboard (m3/ 1 000 cap) | 30 | 30 | 33 | 35 | 0,0 | 0,7 | 0,9 | ||||
| Fibreboard (1000 m3) | 41 | 39 | 50 | 60 | -0,5 | 2,5 | 1,8 | ||||
| Fibreboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | -0,7 | 2,6 | 2,0 | ||||
| Plywood (1000 m3) | 26 | 27 | 30 | 36 | 0,4 | 1,1 | 1,8 | ||||
| Plywood (m3/1 000 cap) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0,2 | 1,1 | 2,0 | ||||
| Paper and board (1000 MT) | 622 | 720 | 770 | 810 | 1,5 | 0,7 | 0,5 | ||||
| Paper and board (kg/cap) | 60 | 68 | 74 | 79 | 1,3 | 0,7 | 0,7 | ||||
| Fuelwood (1000 m3) | 2 264 | 2 300 | 2 350 | 2 400 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | ||||
| Fuelwood (m3/1000 cap) | 219 | 218 | 225 | 233 | -0,0 | 0,3 | 0,4 | ||||
POLAND
| Estimates | Annual growth rates, % | Forest resources per ha | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2020 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Population | 38 100 | 38 800 | 40 900 | 42 611 | 0,2 | 0,5 | 0,4 | ||||
| Area (1 000 ha.) | 8 470 | 8 604 | 8 738 | 8 872 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | ||||
| Growing stock (1 000 m3) | 1 385 200 | 1 448 060 | 1 488 325 | 1 510 900 | 0,4 | 0,3 | 0,2 | 164 | 168 | 170 | 170 |
| Net annual increment (1 000 m3) | 30 398 | 29 450 | 28 650 | 27 950 | -0,3 | -0,3 | -0,2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Fellings (1 000 m3) | 23 142 | 24 134 | 25 913 | 26 172 | 0,4 | 0,7 | 0,1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Removals - total (1 000 m3) | 19 137 | 19 900 | 21 300 | 21 500 | 0,4 | 0,7 | 0,1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Sawn softwood (1000 m3) | 3 500 | 4 200 | 4 500 | 5 500 | 1,8 | 0,7 | 2,0 | ||||
| Sawn softwood (m3/1 000 cap) | 92 | 108 | 110 | 129 | 1,7 | 0,2 | 1,6 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (1000 m3) | 770 | 800 | 1 000 | 1 100 | 0,4 | 2,3 | 1,0 | ||||
| Sawn hardwood (m3/1000 cap) | 20 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 0,2 | 1,7 | 0,5 | ||||
| Particleboard (1000 m3) | 650 | 1 200 | 1 350 | 1 700 | 6,3 | 1,2 | 2,3 | ||||
| Particleboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 17 | 31 | 33 | 40 | 6,1 | 0,7 | 1,9 | ||||
| Fibreboard (1000 m3) | 230 | 480 | 500 | 550 | 7,6 | 0,4 | 1,0 | ||||
| Fibreboard (m3/1 000 cap) | 6 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 7,4 | -0,1 | 0,5 | ||||
| Plywood (1000 m3) | 80 | 100 | 120 | 140 | 2,3 | 1,8 | 1,6 | ||||
| Plywood (m3/1 000 cap) | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2,1 | 1,3 | 1,1 | ||||
| Paper and board (1000 MT) | 920 | 1 500 | 2 000 | 2 650 | 5,0 | 2,9 | 2,9 | ||||
| Paper and board (kg/cap) | 24 | 39 | 49 | 62 | 4,8 | 2,4 | 2,4 | ||||
| Fuelwood (1000 m3) | 2 900 | 2 260 | 2 310 | -2,5 | 0,2 | - | |||||
| Fuelwood (m3/1000 cap) | 76 | 58 | 56 | -2,6 | -0,3 | - | |||||
| Forest resources | Estimates | Annual growth rates, % | Per ha. | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2010 | 2010–2020 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | |
| Area (1 000 ha.) | |||||||||||
| ALBANIA | 909 | 910 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| BULGARIA | 3 327 | 3 381 | 3 421 | 3 421 | 0,2 | 0,1 | 0,0 | ||||
| HUNGARY | 1 656 | 1 731 | 1 806 | 1 881 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 0,4 | ||||
| POLAND | 8 470 | 8 604 | 8 738 | 8 872 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | ||||
| ROMANIA | 5 745 | 5 770 | 5 795 | 5 820 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| CROATIA | 2 013 | 2 013 | 2 013 | 2 013 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| SLOVENIA | 946 | 946 | 946 | 946 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| CZECHREP | 2 582 | 2 650 | 2 638 | 2 627 | 0,3 | -0,0 | -0,0 | ||||
| SLOVAKIA | 1 922 | 1 930 | 1 935 | 1 932 | 0,0 | 0,0 | -0,0 | ||||
| ESTONIA | 1 907 | 1 920 | 1 930 | 1 940 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | ||||
| LATVIA | 2 248 | 2 248 | 2 248 | 2 248 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||
| LITHUANIA | 1 693 | 1 713 | 1 743 | 1 777 | 0,1 | 0,2 | 0,2 | ||||
| Growing stock (1 000 m3) | |||||||||||
| ALBANIA | 71 700 | 63 550 | 55 400 | 47 250 | -1,2 | -1,4 | -1,6 | 78,9 | 69,8 | ||
| BULGARIA | 360 000 | 391 900 | 420 150 | 441 100 | 0,9 | 0,7 | 0,5 | 108,2 | 115,9 | 122,8 | 128,9 |
| HUNGARY | 273 000 | 293 000 | 315 000 | 340 000 | 0,7 | 0,7 | 0,8 | 164,9 | 169,3 | 174,4 | 180,8 |
| POLAND | 1 385 200 | 1 448 060 | 1 488 325 | 1 510 900 | 0,4 | 0,3 | 0,2 | 163,5 | 168,3 | 170,3 | 170,3 |
| ROMANIA | 1 305 000 | 1 397 000 | 1 479 000 | 1 549 000 | 0,7 | 0,6 | 0,5 | 227,2 | 242,1 | 255,2 | 266,2 |
| CROATIA | 333 000 | 338 000 | 343 000 | 348 000 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 165,4 | 167,9 | 170,4 | 172,9 |
| SLOVENIA | 192 083 | 212 490 | 233 740 | 256 650 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 0,9 | 203,0 | 224,6 | 247,1 | 271,3 |
| CZECHREP | 564 110 | 596 830 | 624 800 | 649 810 | 0,6 | 0,5 | 0,4 | 218,5 | 225,2 | 236,8 | 247,4 |
| SLOVAKIA | 383 334 | 384 748 | 391 885 | 381 171 | 0,0 | 0,2 | -0,3 | 199,4 | 199,4 | 202,5 | 197,3 |
| ESTONIA | 240 000 | 291 500 | 326 000 | 340 900 | 2,0 | 1,1 | 0,4 | 125,9 | 151,8 | 168,9 | 175,7 |
| LATVIA | 351 000 | 351 000 | 351 000 | 351 000 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 156,1 | 156,1 | 156,1 | 156,1 |
| LITHUANIA | 288 014 | 328 544 | 354 174 | 367 274 | 1,3 | 0,8 | 0,4 | 170,1 | 191,8 | 203,2 | 206,7 |
| Net annual increment (1 000 m3) | |||||||||||
| ALBANIA | 1 293 | 1 293 | 1 293 | 1 293 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 1,4 | 1,4 | ||
| BULGARIA | 8 640 | 9 555 | 9 770 | 9 800 | 1,0 | 0,2 | 0,0 | 2,6 | 2,8 | 2,9 | 2,9 |
| HUNGARY | 9 669 | 10 094 | 11 069 | 12 097 | 0,4 | 0,9 | 0,9 | 5,8 | 5,8 | 6,1 | 6,4 |
| POLAND | 30 398 | 29 450 | 28 650 | 27 950 | -0,3 | -0,3 | -0,2 | 3,6 | 3,4 | 3,3 | 3,2 |
| ROMANIA | 31 594 | 31 594 | 31 584 | 31 594 | 0,0 | -0,0 | 0,0 | 5,5 | 5,5 | 5,5 | 5,4 |
| CROATIA | 6 000 | 6 000 | 6 000 | 6 000 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 | 3,0 |
| SLOVENIA | 4 974 | 5 312 | 5 727 | 6 160 | 0,7 | 0,8 | 0,7 | 5,3 | 5,6 | 6,1 | 6,5 |
| CZECHREP | 17 047 | 16 499 | 16 225 | 15 907 | -0,3 | -0,2 | -0,2 | 6,6 | 6,2 | 6,2 | 6,1 |
| SLOVAKIA | 11 373 | 11 203 | 10 997 | 10 396 | -0,2 | -0,2 | -0,6 | 5,9 | 5,8 | 5,7 | 5,4 |
| ESTONIA | 8 400 | 9 450 | 9 490 | 8 540 | 1,2 | 0,0 | -1,0 | 4,4 | 4,9 | 4,9 | 4,4 |
| LATVIA | 7 017 | 7 017 | 7 017 | 7 017 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 3,1 | 3,1 | 3,1 | 3,1 |
| LITHUANIA | 7 482 | 7 322 | 7 026 | 6 720 | -0,2 | -0,4 | -0,4 | 4,4 | 4,3 | 4,0 | 3,8 |
| Fellings (1 000 m3) | |||||||||||
| ALBANIA | 2 108 | 2 108 | 2 108 | 2 108 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 2,3 | 2,3 | ||
| BULGARIA | 6 630 | 8 094 | 8 690 | 8 776 | 2,0 | 0,7 | 0,1 | 2,0 | 2,4 | 2,5 | 2,6 |
| HUNGARY | 7 034 | 8 554 | 8 937 | 9 890 | 2,0 | 0,4 | 1,0 | 4,2 | 4,9 | 4,9 | 5,3 |
| POLAND | 23 142 | 24 134 | 25 913 | 26 172 | 0,4 | 0,7 | 0,1 | 2,7 | 2,8 | 3,0 | 2,9 |
| ROMANIA | 15 950 | 15 950 | 15 950 | 15 950 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 2,8 | 2,8 | 2,8 | 2,7 |
| CROATIA | 5 500 | 5 500 | 5 500 | 5 500 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 2,7 | 2,7 | 2,7 | 2,7 |
| SLOVENIA | no data | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | ||||||
| CZECH REP. | 13 533 | 13 469 | 13 661 | 13 469 | -0,0 | 0,1 | -0,1 | 5,2 | 5,1 | 5,2 | 5,1 |
| SLOVAKIA | 5 803 | 5 623 | 5 779 | 6 455 | -0,3 | 0,3 | 1,1 | 3,0 | 2,9 | 3,0 | 3,3 |
| ESTONIA | 3 250 | 5 000 | 7 000 | 7 500 | 4,4 | 3,4 | 0,7 | 1,7 | 2,6 | 3,6 | 3,9 |
| LATVIA | 6 202 | 7 400 | 8 400 | 9 200 | 1,8 | 1,3 | 0,9 | 2,8 | 3,3 | 3,7 | 4,1 |
| LITHUANIA | 3 429 | 4 759 | 5 716 | 6 231 | 3,3 | 1,8 | 0,9 | 2,0 | 2,8 | 3,3 | 3,5 |
| Removals - total (1 000 m3) | |||||||||||
| ALBANIA | 2 008 | 2 008 | 2 008 | 2 008 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 2,2 | 2,2 | ||
| BULGARIA | 4 570 | 4 825 | 5 083 | 5 358 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,5 | 1,6 |
| HUNGARY | 5 662 | 6 873 | 7 153 | 7 888 | 2,0 | 0,4 | 1,0 | 3,4 | 4,0 | 4,0 | 4,2 |
| POLAND | 19 137 | 19 900 | 21 300 | 21 500 | 0,4 | 0,7 | 0,1 | 2,3 | 2,3 | 2,4 | 2,4 |
| ROMANIA | 14 226 | 14 226 | 14 226 | 14 226 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 2,5 | 2,5 | 2,5 | 2,4 |
| CROATIA | 4 257 | 4 257 | 4 257 | 4 257 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 2,1 | 2,1 | 2,1 | 2,1 |
| SLOVENIA | 2 933 | 3 187 | 3 436 | 3 696 | 0,8 | 0,8 | 0,7 | ||||
| CZECHREP | 11 666 | 11 615 | 11 776 | 11 615 | -0,0 | 0,1 | -0,1 | 4,5 | 4,4 | 4,5 | 4,4 |
| SLOVAKIA | 4 700 | 4 555 | 4 681 | 5 229 | -0,3 | 0,3 | 1,1 | 2,4 | 2,4 | 2,4 | 2,7 |
| ESTONIA | 2 960 | 4 550 | 6 370 | 6 830 | 4,4 | 3,4 | 0,7 | 1,6 | 2,4 | 3,3 | 3,5 |
| LATVIA | 4 994 | 6 553 | 7 423 | 8 116 | 2,8 | 1,3 | 0,9 | 2,2 | 2,9 | 3,3 | 3,6 |
| LITHUANIA | 2 692 | 3 792 | 4 669 | 5 140 | 3,5 | 2,1 | 1,0 | 1,6 | 2,2 | 2,7 | 2,9 |
SOME FACTS ABOUT THE TIMBER COMMITTEE
The Timber Committee is a principal subsidiary body of the ECE (UN Economic Commission for Europe) based in Geneva. It constitutes a forum for cooperation and consultation between member countries on forestry, forest industry and forest product matters. All countries of Europe; the former USSR; United States of America, Canada and Israel are members of the ECE and participate in its work.
The ECE Timber Committee shall, within the context of sustainable development, provide member countries with the information and services needed for policy- and decision-making regarding their forest and forest industry sector (“the sector”), including the trade and use of forest products and, when appropriate, formulate recommendations addressed to member Governments and interested organizations. To this end, it shall:
With the active participation of member countries, undertake short-, medium- and long-term analyses of developments in, and having an impact on, the sector, including those offering possibilities for the facilitation of international trade and for enhancing the protection of the environment;
In support of these analyses, collect, store and disseminate statistics relating to the sector, and carry out activities to improve their quality and comparability;
Provide the framework for cooperation e.g. by organizing seminars, workshops and ad hoc meetings and setting up time-limited ad hoc groups, for the exchange of economic, environmental and technical information between governments and other institutions of member countries that is needed for the development and implementation of policies leading to the sustainable development of the sector and to the protection of the environment in their respective countries;
Carry out tasks identified by the UN-ECE or the Timber Committee as being of priority, including the facilitation of subregional cooperation and activities in support of the economies in transition of central and eastern Europe and of the countries of the region that are developing from an economic point of view;
It should also keep under review its structure and priorities and cooperate with other international and intergovernmental organizations active in the sector, and in particular with the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and its European Forestry Commission and with the ILO (International Labour Office), in order to ensure complimentarily and to avoid duplication, thereby optimizing the use of resources.
More information about the Committee's work may be obtained by writing to:
| Timber Section | |
| UN-ECE Trade Division | |
| Palais des Nations | |
| CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland | |
| Fax: 41 22 917-0041 |
UN-ECE/FAO Publications
| *Timber Bulletin Volume XLVIII (1995) | ECE/TIM/BULL/48/… |
| *Timber Bulletin Volume XLIX (1996) | ECE/TIM/BULL/49/… |
| (Six issues per year) | |
| 1. Forest Products Prices | |
| 2. Forest Products Statistics | |
| 3. Forest Products Annual Market Review | |
| 4. Forest Fire Statistics | |
| 5. Forest Products Trade Flow Data | |
| 6. Forest Products Markets in (current year) and Prospects for (forthcoming year) | |
| *UN-ECE/FAO Timber and Forest Study Papers | |
| Forest resource information of some newly constituted countries--Supplement to the UN-ECE/FAO 1990 forest resource assessment of the temperate zones | ECE/TIM/SP/6 |
| Survey of the Structure of the Sawmilling Industry in the ECE/FAO region | ECE/TIM/SP/7 |
| Forest and Forest Products Country Profile: Republic of Armenia (Country profiles also exist on Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, former Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Ukraine) | ECE/TIM/SP/8 |
| North American Timber Trends Study | ECE/TIM/SP/9 |
| UN-ECE/FAO Timber and Forest Discussion Papers (original language only) | |
| Castrén and Simula, “Productivity in Finnish Forestry in 1964–1989” | ECE/TIM/DP/1 |
| Wibe, “Non-wood benefits in forestry, survey of valuation studies” | ECE/TIM/DP/2 |
| Dykstra, “Information systems in forestry: a brief overview” | ECE/TIM/DP/3 |
| Manuel on acute forest damage | ECE/TIM/DP/7 |
| ETTS V working papers: | |
| Pajuoja, “The outlook for the European forest resources and roundwood supply” | ECE/TIM/DP/4 |
| Brooks, Baudin and Schwarzbauer, “Modeling forest products demand, supply and trade” | ECE/TIM/DP/5 |
| Baudin and Brooks, “Projections of forest products demand, supply and trade in ETTS V” | ECE/TIM/DP/6 |
| Eronen, “Forest resources and consumption of forest products in countries in transition, 1990–2020” | ECE/TIM/DP/8 |
| Issartel and Vikinge, “Price trends for forest products, 1964–1991” | ECE/TIM/DP/9 |
| ETTS V working papers: (to be issued) | |
| - Peck and Descargues, “The policy context for the development of the forest and forest industries sector in Europe” | |
| - Country scenarios for ETTS V | |
| UN-ECE/FAO Timber and Forest Seminar and Workshop Proceedings | |
| Clothing and safety equipment in forestry, Finland, 1994 Development of marketing of sawnwood products in countries in transition to market economies, Hungary, 1994 | |
| UN-ECE/FAO Timber and Forest Information Series | |
| The UN-ECE Timber Committee Yearbook 1996 | ECE/TIM/INF/3 |
| Brochures about the ECE Timber Committee, the FAO European Forestry Commission, the Joint FAO/ECE Working Party on Forest Economics and Statistics and the Joint FAO/ECE/ILO Committee on Forest Technology, Management and Training |
| Instructions for ordering publications | |
|---|---|
| Single copies of publications may be requested through: | * Sales documents and subscriptions are available through: |
| Timber Section | Distribution and Sales Unit |
| UN-ECE Trade Division | United Nations |
| Palais des Nations | Palais des Nations |
| CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland | CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland |
| Fax: 41 22 917 0041 | Fax: 41 22 917 0027 |
