Social Issues in Fisheries













Table of Contents


by
Phillip Townsley
Consultant
Italy

FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 375

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

M-40
ISBN 92-5-104143-1

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or ´transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.

© FAO 1998


Table of Contents


PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Fisheries in crisis
1.2 Changing priorities in fisheries development
1.3 Understanding fisheries as a system
1.4 Terminology

2. SOCIAL ELEMENTS IN FISHERIES SYSTEMS

2.1 Definitions
2.2 Sociological analysis in fisheries
2.3 Risks associated with omission of sociological analysis
2.4 The limits of sociological analysis

3. SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS FOR FISHERIES - A FRAMEWORK

3.1 Levels of analysis of social issues
3.2 Gender
3.3 Age
3.4 Community
3.5 Household
3.6 Production-unit
3.7 Structuring sociological analysis within the process of managing change in fisheries
3.8 Sociological analysis in different institutional and structural contexts

4. STAKEHOLDER GROUPS

4.1 Stakeholder analysis
4.2 Levels of stakeholding
4.3 Criteria for stakeholder and stakeholding analysis
4.4 Cohesion and homogeneity of stakeholder communities
4.5 Capacity for co-operative and collective action

5. ECONOMIC FACTORS

5.1 Economic impacts on specific stakeholder groups
5.2 Interactions in the local and regional economy
5.3 Indebtedness
5.4 Criteria for measuring benefits and negative impacts
5.5 Costs of fisheries development and management

6. ACCESS AND OWNERSHIP

6.1 Access for specific stakeholder groups
6.2 Controlling access in artisanal fisheries
6.3 Multiple use of aquatic resources
6.4 Access versus ownership - Traditional management and equity

7. LABOUR ISSUES

7.1 Labour issues for specific stakeholder groups
7.3 Changes in employment opportunities
7.4 Labour demands for development and management

8. INSTITUTIONS AND DECISION-MAKING

8.1 Institutional issues for specific stakeholder groups
8.2 Devolution of decision-making
8.3 Conflict management
8.4 Local power structures and equity

9. HISTORY AND CHANGE

9.1 Historical issues, change and specific stakeholder groups
9.2 Temporary population movements
9.3 Cultural and political changes
9.4 History of management
9.5 Seasonal variations
9.6 Long-term processes of change
9.7 Sudden changes

10. BELIEFS, KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

10.1 Beliefs, knowledge and skills among specific stakeholder groups
10.2 Cultural significance of fisheries
10.3 Attitudes towards institutions and authorities
10.4 Levels of education
10.5 Traditional knowledge

11. CASE STUDIES

11.1 Current Jal fisheries in Bangladesh
11.2 The Honda Bay resource management programme, Palawan, the Philippines
11.3 The new fisheries management policy in Bangladesh