1. INTRODUCTION
Bulliet, R.W. The camel and the wheel. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press. 328 pp. 1975.
Bustinza, A.V. South American Camelids. In: IFS Symposium Camels. Sudan. 73–108, 1979.
Cloudley-Thompson, J.L. Camel. Encyclop. Americana 5: 261–263, 1969.
Dahl, G. and Hjort, A. Dromedary pastoralism in Africa and Arabia. In: IFS Symposium Camels. Sudan 447–458, 1979.
Dickson, H.R.P. The Arab of the Desert. London, George Allen & Unwin Ltd. 409–446, 1951.
Dong Wei. Chinese camels and their productivities. In: IFS Symposium Camels. Sudan. 55–72, 1979.
Dong Wei. Chinese camels. Personal communication, 1981.
El Amin, F.M. The dromedary camel of the Sudan. In: IFS Symposium Camels. Sudan. 35–54, 1979.
El-Karouri, M.O.M. Welcome address. In: IFS Symposium Camels. Sudan 9–13, 1979.
Epstein, H. The origin of the domestic animals of Africa. Vol. 2. New York. Africana Publ. Corp. Leipzig. Edition Leipzig. 1971.
Field, C.R. Camel growth and milk production in Marsabii district, Northern Kenya. Preliminary report. In: IFS Symposium Camels. Sudan. 215–240, 1979.
Gebeyhu, A. Letter to the Editor. Jerusalem Post, Dec. 1980.
Hartley, J.B. Camels in the Horn of Africa. In: IFS Symposium Camels. Sudan. 109–124, 1979.
Ingram, D.L. and Mount, L.E. Man and Animals in Hot Environments. Springer-Verlag. Berlin Heidelberg New York. 185 pp. 1975.
Knoess, K.H. Milk production of the dromedary. In: IFS Symposium Camels. Sudan. 201–214, 1979.
Lewis, I.M. Ethiopian and Somalian Cultures. In: Enclyclopaedia Brittanica. 15th Edition. 6: 1015, 1974.
Macfarlane, W.V. Survival in an arid land. Aust. Nat. His. 29: 18–23, 1977.
Mason, I.L. Origin, History and distribution of domestic camels. In: Camels: Provisional Report No. 6. IFS Symposium Camels. Sudan. 21–34, 1979.
McKnight, T.L. The camel in Australia. Melbourne. Melbourne University Press. 1969.
Newsweek. The year 1980. Jan. 5, 1981.
Sato, S. Population ecology of camels among the Rendille. 2 pp. Mimeo Kyoto University, Japan, 1976.
Schmidt-Nielsen, K. Desert Animals. Adaptation and Environment. Oxford, Oxford University Press. pp. 277, 1964.
Schmidt-Nielsen, K., Crawford, E.C., Newsome, A.E. Jr., Rawson, K.S. and Hammel, H.T. Metabolic rate of camels: Effect of body temperature and dehydration. Am. J. Physiol. 212: 341–346, 1967.
Simoons, F.J. Eat not this flesh. Food avoidances in the Old World. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 1961.
Sweet, L.E. Camel pastoralism in North Arabia. In: Man, Culture and animals. Edited by A. Leeds & A.P. Vayda. AAAS Washington, D.C. 129–152, 1965.
Torry, W.I. Substinence ecology among the Gabra: nomads of Kenya/Ethiopia. Frontier. Ph.D. Thesis. Columbia University. 455 pp., 1973.
Williams, M. Executive Director of the World Food Council A.P. Report in Newspaper interview. Dec. 1980.
Yagil, R., Sod-Moriah, U.A. and Meyerstein, N. Dehydration and camel blood. I. The life span of the camel erythrocyte. J. Physiol. 226: 298–301, 1974.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, Z. Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone in the dehydrated and rehydrated camel. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 63A: 275–278, 1979.
Yagil, R., Etzion, Z. and Ganani, J. Camel thyroid metabolism, effect of heat and dehydration. J. Appl. Physiol. 45: 540–544, 1978.
Zeuner, F.E. A History of Domestic Animals. London, Hutchinson. pp. 1963.
2. MILK PRODUCTION
Baimukanov; A. Machine milking in female camels. Borovsk, USSR VNIIFBPSZR 67–68, 1974.
Burgmeister, R. Probleme der dromadarhaltung. Undzucht in Suedtunesien. Vet. Med. Diss. Giessen, 1974.
Cook, G.C. and Al-Torki, M.T. High intestinal lactase concentrations in adult arabs in Saudi Arabia. Br. Med. J. 3: 135–136, 1975.
Dong Wei. Chinese camels and their productivities. In: IFS Symposium Camels. Sudan. 55–72, 1979.
Dzhumagulov, I.K. Chemical composition of camel milk and inheritance of its components following interspecies hybridization (Russian). Izv. Akad. Nauk. Kaz. 15: 79–81, 1976.
El-Bahay, G.M. Normal contents of Egyptian camel milk. Vet. Med. Journ. 8: 7–17, 1962.
Ensminger, M.E. and Ensminger, A. China the impossible dream. Agri. Services Foundation. Clovis, California, 1973.
Epstein, H. The origin of the domestic animals of Africa. Vol. 2 New York. Africana Publ. Corp. Leipzig. Edition Leipzig, 1971.
Evans, J.O. and Powys, J.G. Camel husbandry to increase the productivity of ranchland. In: Camel IFS Symposium, Sudan. 241–250, 1979.
Field, C.R. (a) Camel growth and milk production in Marsabii district, Northern Kenya. Preliminary report. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan. 215–240, 1979.
Field, C.R. (b) Ecology and management of camels, sheep and goats in Northern Kenya. Unesco/IPAL. Report Nairobi, 1979.
Gast, M., Mauboisj, L. and Adda, J. Le lait et les produits laitiers en Ahaggar. Centre Rech. Anthr. Prehist. Ethn. 1969.
Gohl, B. Welcome address. IFS Symposium Camels. Sudan 14–20, 1979.
Hartley, J.B. Camels in the Horn of Africa. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan, 109–124, 1979.
Kheraskov, S.G. Milk production of camels. Sborn. Dokl. vses. Soveschch. 174–176, 1955.
Kheraskov, S.G. Composition, properties and nutritive value of camels' milk. Vop. Pitan. 20: 69–72, 1961.
Kheraskov, S.G. Camel milk - a valuable food product. Konevod. Konny Sport 35: 14–15, 1965.
Knoess, K.H. Assignment report on animal production in the Middle Awash Valley. FAO Rome, 1976.
Knoess, K.H. The camel as a meat and milk animal. World Anim. Rev. 22: 3–8, 1977.
Knoess, K.H. Milk production of the dromedary. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan. 201–214, 1979.
Kospakov, Zh.K. Cell content in the milk of bacterian camels, depending on stage of lactation and condition of udder (Ru). Problemy Veterinarnoi Sanitorii 55: 21–25, 1976.
Kulaeva, V. Konevodstvo i Koayis port. Konavodetova. 34: 5–9, 1964.
Lakosa, I.I. and Shokin, V.A. Milk production. In: Camels. Science. Technical Agricultural Publ. Kolos. Moscow. 113–120, 1964.
Leupold, J. The camel: an important domestic animal of the sub-tropics. (German) Vet. Blue Book 16: 1–6, 1968.
Mares, R.G. (a,b). Animal husbandry, animal industry and animal disease in the Somaliland Protectorate. Brit. Vet. J. I 110: 411–423; II 110: 470–481, 1954.
Novoa, C. Reproduction in Camelidae. J. Reprod. Fertil. 22: 3–20, 1970.
Rao, C.K. Scheme for the improvement of Indian camels: to what extent camels are milked and what the approximate yield is. Mimeo. Item No. 12, 3 p., 1974.
Rao, M.B., Gupta, R.C. and Dastur, N.N. Camels' milk and milk products. Ind. J. Dairy Sci. 23: 71–78, 1970.
Rosetti, G. and Congiu, S. Zootechnical and veterinary investigations on the domestic animals of Somalia. Mogadishu: Ispettorato Veterinario, 1955. Amministrazione Fiduciaria Italiana della Somalia 207 pp., 1955.
Shalash, M.R. Utilization of camel meat and milk in human nourishment. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan. 285–306, 1979.
Sharma, V.D. and Bhargava, K.K. The bikaneri camel. Indian Vet. J. 40: 639–643, 1963.
Yagil, R., Etzion, Z. and Berlyne, G.M. The effect of suckling stimulus on the quantity and quality of rat milk. Lab. Anim. Sci. 26: 33–37, 1975.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, Z. (a) The effect of drought conditions on the quality of camel's milk. J. Dairy Res. 47: 159–166, 1980.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, z. (b) Milk yields of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in drought areas. Comp. Physiol. 67: 207–209, 1980.
Yasin, S.A. and Wahid, A. Pakistan camels. A preliminary survey. Agric. Pakist. 8: 289–297, 1957.
3. COMPOSITION OF CAMEL MILK
Anderson, H.D., Elevehjem, C.A. and Gonce, J.E. Jr. Comparison of the nutritive values of raw, pasteurised and evaporated milks. J. Nutr. 20: 433–443, 1940.
Aschaffenburg, R. and Rowland, S.J. Abnormal freezing point of milk. Chem. & Industr. 26: 636–637, 1950.
Barthe, L. Fundamentals of dairy chemistry. J. Pharm. Clin. 21: 386–394, 1950.
Bestuzheva, K.T. Chemical composition of camel milk and colostrum. Konevodstvoi Konnyi Sport. 34: 19, 1964.
Biance, W. Reviews of the progress of dairy science. Section A. Physiology: Cattle in a hot environment. J. Dairy Res. 32: 291–345, 1965.
Davies, W.L. The Chemistry of Milk. Chapman and Hall, London, 1939.
Davis, J.G. Dictionary of Dairying. Leonard Hill, London, 1963.
Davis, J.O. and MackDonald, S.J. Richmond's Dairy Chemistry, Edition 2, Charles Griffen & Co. Ltd., London 101, 1952.
Dhingra, D.R. The component fatty acid and glycerides of the milk fats of Indian goats and sheep. Biochem. J. 27: 851–859, 1933.
Dhingra, D.R. Fatty acids and glycerides of the milk fat of camels. Biochem. J. 28: 73–78, 1934.
Dilanyan, S.H. Utilisation of mares', ewes', camels and yaks' milk in the USSR. Report Int. Comm. Dairying in Warm Countries. Dairy Fed. Brussels, 1959.
Dong Wei, Chinese camels. Personal communication, 1981.
El-Bahay, G.M. Normal contents of Egyptian camel milk. Vet. Med. Journ. 8: 7–17, 1962.
Etzion, Z. and Yagil, R. Effect of exogenous ADH and aldosterone on milk in heat-stressed animals. Comp. Biochem. and Physiol. 1981.
Field, C.R. (a) Camel growth and milk production in Marsabii district, Northern Kenya. Preliminary report. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan. 215–240, 1979.
Field, C.R. (b) Ecology and management of camels, sheep and goats in Northern Kenya. Unesco/IPAL. Report Nairobi, 1979.
Gast, M., Mauboisj, L. and Adda, J. Le lait et les produits laitiers en Ahaggar. Centr. Rech. Anthr. Prehist. Ethn. 1969.
Grigoryants, N.N. Composition of camel milk and chal (Ru). Vop. Pit. 13: 41–45, 1954.
Harbans Singh. Domestic Animals. National Book Trust. New Delhi. pp. 89, 1966.
Hoeller, H. and Hassan, Y.M. The amino acid composition of camel milk casein. Sudan. J. Vet. Sci. 6: 60–63, 1965.
Ingram, D.L. and Mount, L.E. Man and Animals in Hot Environments. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1975.
Khan, K.U. and Appena, T.C. Electrolytes in camel milk. J. Phisiol. Allied. Sci. 18: 129–133, 1964.
Khan, K.U. and Appena, T.C. Carotene and vitamin A in milk. J. Mutr. & Dietet. 4: 17–20, 1967
Kheraskov, S.G. Camels' milk and its products. Konevodstro 23: 35–37, 1953.
Kheraskov, S.G. Milk production of camels. Sborn. Dokl. vses Soveschch. 174–176, 1955.
Kheraskov, S.G. Composition, properties and nutritive value of camels' milk. Vop. Pitan. 20: 69–72, 1961.
Kheraskov, S.G. Camel milk - a valuable food product. Konevod. Konny Sport 35: 14–15, 1965.
Knoess, K.H. Assignment report on animal production in the Middle Awash Valley. FAO, Rome, 1976.
Knoess, K.H. The camel as a meat and milk animal. World Anim. Rev. 22: 3–8, 1977.
Knoess, K.H. Milk production of the dromedary. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan. 201–214, 1979.
Kon, S.K. Milk and milk products for human nutrition. FAO Nutrition Serv. 7, p. 6, 1959 (Revised in 1972).
Kon, S.K. and Cowie, A.T. Milk: The mammary gland and its secretion. Vol. II, 1961.
Kuchabaev, K.A. Cherepanova, V.P. and Panomarev P.P. Feeding, milk productivity and chemical composition of camel milk. VSKKAV 15: 58–62, 1972.
Kuchabaev, K.A. Cherepanova, V.P. and Panomarev, P.P. Amino acid composition of the milk of Kazakh bactrian camels. VSKKAV 15: 69–73, 1972.
Kuliev, K. The utilization of camels' milk. Mol. Promyslenn 20: 28, 1959.
Lampert, L.M. Milk and milk products. Food Trade Press Ltd. London. p. 10, 1947.
Leese, A.S. A Treatise on the One-Humped Camel in Health and Disease. Haynes and Sons. Stanford Lines. 1927.
Mares, R.G. Animal husbandry, animal industry and animal disease in the Somaliland Protectorate. Brit. Vet. J.I 110: 411–423, 1954; II 110: 470–481, 1954.
Morrison, W.R. Fatty acid composition of milk phospholipids. III Camel, ass, and pig milks. Lipids 3(2): 107–110, 1968.
Morrison, W.R. The distribution of phospholipids in some mammalian milks. Lipids 3(1): 101–103, 1968.
Ohris, S.P. and Joshi, B.K. Composition of camel milk. Indian Vet. J. 38(a): 514–516, 1961; 38(b): 604–606, 1961.
Pant, R. and Chandra, P. Composition of cow and camel milk proteins and industrial casein. Milchwissenschaft 35: 91–93, 1980.
Rao, M.B., Gupta, R.C. and Dastur, N.N. Camels' milk and milk products. Ind. J. Dairy Sci. 23: 71–78, 1970.
Sestuzheva. Effect of stage of lactation on camels's milk. Mol. Prom. 19: 33–39, 1958.
Shalash, M.R. Utilisation of camel meat and milk in human nourishment. In: IFS Symposium. Camels. Sudan. 285–306, 1979.
Strauss, J.S. The sebaceous glands. New Engl. J. Med. 46–47, July 1974.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, S. Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone in the dehydrated and rehydrated camel. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 63A: 275–278, 1979.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, Z. The effect of drought conditions on the quality of camels' milk. J. Dairy Res. 47: 159–166, 1980.
Yasin, S.A. and Wahid, A. Pakistan camels. A preliminary survey. Agric. Pakist. 8: 289–297, 1957.
4. MILK PRODUCTS AND THEIR USES
Accolas, J.P., Deffontaines, J.P., Aubin, F., Grosclaude, F., Kuzdzal-Savoie, S., Langlois, D. and Jeunet, R. Rural activities in the Mongolian Peoples' Republic II Dairy Products (Fr.). Etudes Mongoles 6: 7–98, 1975.
Aggarwalda, A.C. and Sharma, R.M. A laboratory manual of milk inspection. Asia Publishing House. 1961.
Akhundov, A.A., Dyrdyev, B. and Serebryakov, E.R. Effect of combined treatment on water electrolyte exchange in pulmonary TBC patients. Zdravookhr. Turkm. 16: 40–44, 1972.
Dahl, G. and Hjort, A. Having herds: Pastoral herd growth and household economy. Univ. Stockholm, 1976.
Dahl, G. and Hjort, A. Dromedary pastoralism in Africa and Arabia. In: Camels IFS Symposium Sudan. 447, 458, 1979.
Dickson, H.R.P. The Arab of the Desert. London, George Allen & Unwin Ltd. 409–446, 1951.
Dilanyan, S.H. Utilisation of mares, ewes, camels and yaks milk in the USSR. Report Int. Comm. Dairying in warm countries. Dairy Fed. Brussels, 1959.
Dong Wei. Chinese camels. Personal communication, 1981.
Gast, M., Mauboisj, L. and Adda, J. Le lait et les produits laitiers en Ahaggar. Centr. Rech. Anthr. Prehist. Ethn. 1969.
Grigoryants, N.N. Composition of camel milk and chal (Rus) Vop. Pit. 13: 41–45, 1954.
Hartley, J.B. Camels in the Horn of Africa. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan, 109–124, 1979.
Kheraskov, S.G. Camels' milk and its products. Konevodstro 23: 35–37, 1953.
Kheraskov, S.G. Milk production of camels. Sborn. Dokl. vses. Soveschch. 174–176, 1955.
Kheraskov, S.G. Composition, properties and nutritive value of camels' milk. Vop. Pitan. 20: 69–72, 1961.
Kheraskov, S.G. Camel milk - a valuable food product. Konevod. Konny Sport 35: 14–15, 1965.
Kieselev, N. Bacteriological examination of chal (Ru). Mol. Prom. 17: 31–34, 1956.
Knoess, K.H. Milk production of the dromedary. In: Camels IFS Symposium, Sudan. 201–214, 1979.
Kuliev, K. The utilisation of camels' milk. Mol. Promyslenn 20: 28, 1959.
Lakosa, I.I. and Shokin, A. Milk production. In: Camel Science Technical Agricultural Publication. Kolov, Moscow. 113–120, 1964.
Mares, R.G. Animal husbandry, animal industry and animal disease in the Somaliland Protectorate. Brit. Vet. J. I 110: 411–423, 1954. II 110: 470–481, 1954.
Nemekh, G.B. and Accolas, J.P. Milk production in the People's Republic of Mongolia. XX Int. Dairy Congr. 1978.
Ottogalli, G. and Resmini, P. Notizie sui problemi lattiero-caseari della Somalia. Alcuni dati sulle caratteristiche chimico-fisiche del latte di zebu e di dromedaria l'industria del latte 12: 3–10, 1976.
Pant, R. and Chandra, P. Composition of cow and camel milk proteins and industrial casein. Milchwissenschaft. 35: 91–93, 1980.
Rao, M.B., Gupta, R.C. and Dastur, N.N. Camels' milk and milk products. Ind. J. Dairy Sci. 23: 71–78, 1970.
Shalash, M.R. Utilisation of camel meat and milk in human nourishment. In: IFD Symposium. Camels. Sudan 285–306, 1979.
Sharmanov, T. Sh., Kadyrova, R.Kh., Shlygina, O.E. and Zhaksylykova, R.D. Changes in the indicators of racioactive isotope studies of the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis during treatment with whole camels' and mares' milk. Voprosy Pitaniya 1: 9–13, 1978.
Urazakov, N.U. and Bainazarov, S.H. The 1st clinic in history for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with camel's sour milk. Probl. Tuberk. 2: 89–90, 1974.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, Z. The effect of drought conditions on the quality of camels' milk. J. Dairy Res. 47: 159–166, 1980.
Yasin, S.A. and Wahid, A. Pakistan camels. A preliminary survey. Agric. Pakist. 8: 289–297, 1957.
5. REPRODUCTION
Bannikov, A. Data on the biology and the geographic distribution of the wild camel. Zool. Zh. 24: 190–199, 1945.
Barmincev, J. Duration of pregnancy in the Bactrian Camel. Konevodstvo 1: 43–46, 1939.
Barmintsev, V. Rectal examination of the reproductive organs of the camel. Konevodstvo 1: 38–42, 1951.
Bodenheimer, F.S. Biology of Deserts. Ed. J.L. Cloudsley-Thompson. Inst. Biol. London, 1954.
Bosaev, J. Sexual activity of camels and organisation of service. Konevodstvo 26: 8–9, 1938.
Charnot, Y. Repercussion de la d'eshydratation sur la biochimie et l' endocrinologie du dromadaire. These Sci. Paris, 1958.
Charnot, Y. Synchronisms de croissance de l'expansion palatale et du testicule en cours du cycle sexuel. Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Phys. Maroc. 43: 49–54, 1963.
Charnot, Y. and Racadot, J. Mise en evidence de categories cellulaires distinctes dans le lobe anterieur de l'hypophyse du dromadaire. Bull. Microsc. Appl. 13: 144–148, 1963.
Chen, B.X. and Yan, Z.X. Reproductive pattern of the Bactrian Camel. In: Camel. IFS Symposium, Sudan, 251–270, 1979.
El-Amin, F.M. The dromedary camel of the Sudan. In: Camels. IFS Symposium. Sudan. 35–54, 1979.
Evans, J.O. and Powys, J.G. Camel husbandry to increase the productivity of ranchland. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan, 241–250, 1979.
Gast, M., Mauboisj, K. and Adda, J. Le lait et les produits laitiers en Ahaggar. Centr. Rech. Anthr. Prehist. Ethn. 1969.
Hartley, J.B. Camels in the Horn of Africa. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan. 109–124, 1979.
Jainudeen, M.R., Katongole, C.B. and Short, R.V. Plasma testosterone levels in relation in musth and sexual activity in the male Asiatic elephant, Elephas maximus. J. Reprod. Fert. 29: 99–103, 1972.
Keikin, D. Camel breeding can be economical (Ru). Konevodstro i Konnyi Sport 2: 12–13, 1976.
Koford, C.B. The vicugna and the puna. Ecol. Monogr. 27: 153–163, 1957.
Leese, A. A treatise on the One-humped Camel. Haynes + Sons, Maidenlene, Starford. Lines, 1927.
Leonard, A.G. The Camel. Longmans Green, London, 1894.
Mares, R.G. Animal husbandry, animal industry and animal disease in the Somaliland Protectorate. Brit. Vet. J. I 110: 411–423, 1954; II 110: 470–481, 1954.
Musa, B.E. Reproductive patterns in the female camel (Camelus dromedarius). In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan. 279–284, 1979.
Musa, B.E. and Abusineina, M.E. The oestrus cycle of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). Vet. Rec. 103: 556–557, 1978.
Musa, B.E. A study of some aspects of reproduction in the female camel. M.V.Sc. Thesis. Univ. Khartoum, 1969.
Novoa, C. Reproduction in camelidae. J. Reprod. Fert. 22: 3–20, 1970.
Romero, E.C. Llamas y alpacas, vicuñas y guanacos. Gurkinkel, Buenos Aires, 1927.
San Martin, M. Fisiologia de la reproducción de las alpacas. Symposium sobre problemas ganaderos. Lima, Peru, 1961
Santini, R. Etude topographique et histologique de l'hypothalamus du dromedaire. Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieurs, Rabat, 1964.
Shalash, M.R. Some reproductive aspects in the female camel. World. Rev. Anim. Prodn. 1: 103–107, 1965.
Shalash, M.R. and Nawito, M. Sterility in female camels. Dt. tierartz. Wschr. 70: 522–530, 1963.
Singh, V. and Prakash, A. Mating behaviour in the camel. Indian Vet. J. 41: 475–478, 1964.
Tayeb, M.A.F. Les organes geniteux de la chamelle. Revue Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop. 6: 17–20, 1953.
Terentjev, S.M. Experience in stud work on a camel breeding farm. Konevodstvo. 11: 20–25, 1951.
Williamson, G. and Payne, W.J.A. An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics. 2nd Edition. Longmans, London. 294–302, 1965.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, Z. Hormonal and behavioral patterns in the male camel (Camelus dromedarius). J. Reprod. Fert. 58: 61–65, 1980.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, Z. The effect of drought conditions on the quality of camels' milk. J. Dairy Res. 47: 159–166, 1980.
Yasin, S.A. and Wahid, A. Pakistan camels. A preliminary survey. Agric. Pakist. 8: 289–297, 1957.
Yuzlikaev, R.D. and Akmediev, A. Rapid reproduction in camels. Zhivotnevodstvo, Mosk. 27: 61–65, 1965.
6. PRODUCTS OTHER THAN MILK
Abdel-Baki, M.N. Studies on camel meat-analysis. Bull. 110 Fac. Agric. Cairo 13, 1957.
Bulliet, R.W. The Camel and the Wheel. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press, 328 pp. 1975.
Bustinza, A.V. South American Camelids. In: Camel. IFS Symposium. Sudan 1979. 73–108.
Cloudley-Thompson, J.L. Camel. Encyclop. Americana 5: 261–263, 1969.
Dahl, G. and Hjort, A. Having herds: Pastoral herd growth and husehold economy. Univ. Stockholm. 1976.
Dickson, H.R.P. The Arab of the Desert. London, George Allen & Unwin Ltd. 409–446, 1951.
Dong Wei. Chinese camels and their productivities. In: Camels. IFS Symposium. Sudan 55–72, 1979.
El-Amin, F.M. The dromedary camel of the Sudan. In: Camels. IFS Symposium Sudan 35–54, 19 35–54, 1979.
Gast, M., Mauboisj, L. and Adda, J. Le lait et les produits laitiers en Ahaggar. Centr. Rech. Anthr. Prehist. Ethn. 1969.
Gohl, B. Welcome address. In: Camels. IFS Symposium. Sudan. 14–20, 1979.
Hartley, J.B. Camels in the Horn of Africa. In: Camels. IFS Symposium Sudan 109–124, 1979.
Keikin, D. Camel breeding can be economical (Ru). Konevodstro i Konnyi Sport 2: 12–13, 1976.
Knoess, K.H. The camel as a meat and milk camel. World. Anim. Rev. 22: 3–8, 1977.
Kutzestov, V.A. and Tretyakov, V.N. Carcass classification in the Turkmen camel. Trudy Turkmen Sel. Khoz. Inst. 15: 130–133, 1972.
Paredes, J. and Bustinza, V. Análisis Bromatológico de la carne de alpaca. Tesis. Médico Vet. Zooten. UNFA Puno-Perú, 1978.
Shalash, M.R. Utilisation of camel meat and milk in human nourishment. In: Camels. IFS Symposium. Sudan. 285–306, 1979.
Shany, S., Yagil, R. and Berlyne, G.M. 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol levels in camel, sheep and goat. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 59: 139–140, 1978.
Wilson, R.T. Studies on the livestock of Southern Daufur. Sudan V. Notes on camels. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 10: 19–25, 1978.
7. FEED AND DIGESTION
Bohlken, H. Remarks on the stomach and the systematic position of the hylopoda. Zool. Soc. Lond. Proc. 134: 207–215, 1960.
Colbert, E.H. Evolution of the Vertebrates. New York-London, 1955.
Eckerlin, R.H. and Stevens, C.E. Bicarbonate secretion by the glandular saccules of the llama stomach. Cornell Vet. 63: 436–445, 1972.
Ehrlein, H.J. and Engelhardst, W.V. Untersuchungen uber die Magenmotorik bein Lama. Zbl. Vet. Med. AI8: 181–191, 1971.
Ehrlein, H.J. and Hill, H. Motirik und Nahrungstransport des Psalters (Omasum) der Ziege. Zbl. Vet. Med. A16: 573–596, 1969.
Engelhardt, W.V., Ali, K.E. and Wipper, E. Absorption and secretion in the tubiform forestomach of the llama. J. Comp. Physiol. B 132: 337–341, 1979.
Engelhardt, W.V. and Rubsamen, K. Digestive physiology of camelids. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan, 307–320, 1979.
Engelhardt, W.V. and Sallman, H.P. Resorption und Sekretion in Pansen des Guanacos (Lama guanacos). Zbl. Vet. Med. A19: 117–132, 1972.
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Evans, J.O. and Powys, J.G. Camel husbandry to increase the productivity of ranchland. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan, 241–250, 1979.
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Gast, M., Mauboisj, L. and Adda, J. Le lait et les produits laitiers en Ahaggar. Centre. Rech. Anthr. Prehist. Ethn. 1969.
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Knoess, K.H. Assignment report on animal production in the middle Awash Valley. FAO, Rome, 1976.
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Macfarlane, W.V. Survival in an arid land. Aust. Nat. His. 29: 18–23, 1977.
Maloiy, G.M.O. Comparative studies on digestion and fermentation rate in the forestomach of the one-humped camel and zebu steer. Res. Vet. Sci. 13: 476–481, 1972.
Mares, R.G. Animal husbandry, animal industry and animal disease in the Somaliland Protectorate. Brit. Vet. J. I. 110: 411–423, 1954. II 110: 470–481, 1954.
Nasr, H. Digestion in the Arabian camel. Vet. Med. J. (Giza). 6: 203–208, 1959.
Newman, D.M.R. The camel: its potential as a provider of protein in Arid Australia. In: Proc. III World Conf. Anim. Prod. Melbourne 95–101, 1975.
Newman, D.M.R. The feeding habits of old and new world camels as related to their future role as productive ruminants. In: Camels, IFS Symposium, Sudan. 171–200, 1979.
Payne, W.J.A. Nutrition of ruminants in the tropics. Nutr. Abstr. Rev. 36: 653–658, 1966.
Phillipson, A.T. Ruminant digestion. In: Duke's Physiology of Domestic Animals. 9th edition. Editor M.J. Swenson. Comstock Publ. Assoc. Ithaca 1979. 250–286.
Raedeke, K.J. Food habits of the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) of Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Turrialba. 30: 177–181, 1980.
Rubsamen, K. and Engelhardt, W.v. Bicarbonate secretion and solute absorption in forestomach of the llama. Am. J. Physiol. 235: 1–6, 1978.
Schmidt-Nielsen, K., Schmidt-Nielsen, B., Houpt, T.R. and Jainum, S.A. The question of water storage in the stomach of the camel. Mammalia 20: 1–15, 1956.
Schmidt-Nielsen, K., Desert Animals. At the Clarendon Press. Oxford, 1964.
Schwartz, C. and Steinmetzer, K. Ferment Forsch. 7: 229–234, 1924.
Sharman, V.D. and Bhargave, K.K. The bikaneri camel. Indian Vet. J. 40: 639–643, 1963.
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Warren, A. and Maizels, J.K. Ecology change and desertification. In: Desertification: its causes and consequences. United Nations Conference on Desertification. Nairobi, Kenya. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 169–260, 1977.
Williams, V.F. Rumen function in the camel. Nature 197: 1221, 1963.
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Yagil, R. and Berlyne, G.M. Glucose loading and dehydration in the camel. J. Appl. Physiol. 42: 690–693, 1977.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, Z. Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone in the dehydrated and rehydrated camel. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 63A: 275–278, 1979.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, Z. The effect of drought conditions on the quality of camels' milk. J. Dairy Res. 47: 159–166, 1980.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, Z. Milk yields of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in drought areas. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 67: 207–209, 1980.
8. MANAGEMENT
Bianca, W. Reviews of the progress of dairy science. Section A. Physiology: Cattle in a hot environment. J. Dairy Res. 32: 291–345, 1965.
Cole, D.P. Nomads of the nomads: The Al Murrah Bedouin of the empty quarter. Arlington Heights, Illinois. AHM Publ. Corp. 1975.
Dahl, G. and Hjort, A. Dromedary pastoralism in Africa and Arabia. In: Camels. IFS Symposium. Sudan 447–458, 1979.
Denis, P. Observations sur le compartement du dromadaire. Thesis of Fac. des Sciences de l'Universite de Nancy. 180 pp., 1970.
Evans, J.O. and Powys, J.G. Camel husbandry to increase the productivity of ranchland. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan. 241–250, 1979.
FAO. Les systèmes pastoraux saheliens. 389 pp., 1977.
Forti, M. Introduction of fodder shrubs and their evaluation for use in semi-arid areas of the North Western Negev. Report. Isr. Nat. Counc. Res. Dev. 1971.
Forti, M., Levy Y., Pedoba, R., Ross, A. and Leibowich, Y. Use of municipal waste in growing industrial and fodder crops in the Negev. Technical Report RDA Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. 1980.
Gast, M., Mauboisj, L. and Adda, J. Le lait et les produits laitiers en Ahaggar. Centr. Rech. Anthr. Prehist. Ethn. 1969.
Hartley, J.B. Camels in the Horn of Africa. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan. 109–124, 1979.
Jonas, S. Cattle raising in Palestine. Agricultural History 26: 83–103, 1952.
Knoess, K.H. Assignment report on animal production in the Middle Awash Valley. FAO, Rome, 1976.
Knoess, K.H. Milk production of the dromedary. In: Camels, IFS Symposium, Sudan, 201–214, 1979.
Kuchabaev, K.A., Cherepanova, V.P. and Panomarev, P.P. Feeding, milk productivity and chemical composition of camel milk. VSKKAV 15: 58–62, 1972.
Macfarlane, W.V. Survival in an arid land. Aust. Nat. His. 29: 18–23, 1977.
Mares, R.G. Animal husbandry, animal industry and animal disease in the Somaliland Protectorate. Brit. Vet. J. I 110: 411–423, 1954, II 110: 470–481, 1954.
May, J.M. The Ecology of Malnutrition in Eastern and Western Africa. Hofner Publ. Co. New York, 1970.
Mustafa, I. and Eldisougi. System of preventive veterinary medicine in the Near East and veterinary education. Vol. II, working papers FAO/WHO, Uppsala, Sweden, 1978.
Pasternak, D. Mechanical harvesting of salt bushes for fodder. In preparation.
Rice, V.A., Andrews, F.N., Warwick, E.J. and Legates, J.E. Breeding and Improvement of Farm Animals. 5th edition. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc. New York. 1957.
Richard, D. Dromedary pathology and productions. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan. 409–430, 1979.
Schmidt-Nielsen, K. Animals and arid conditions: physiological aspects of productivity and management. The future of arid lands. AAAS Washinton, DC. 368–382, 1956.
Schmidt-Nielsen, K. Desert Animals. At the Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1964.
Seaman, J., Holt, J. and Rivers, J. The effects of drought un human nutrition in an Ethiopian province. Int. J. Epidem. 7: 31–40, 1978.
Squires, V.R. The potential for animal production in the arid zone. Proc. Aust. Soc. Anim. Prod. 12: 75–85, 1978.
Squires, V.R. Animal production in the arid zone on Australia. World Animal Review 29: 21–28, 1979.
Stephenson, R.G.A., Hooley, R.D., Findlay, J.K. and Hopkins, P.S. Effects of heat stress on the lactation performance of ewes accustomed to tropical conditions and the total fluid intake of their lambs. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 33: 449–456, 1980.
Torry, W.I. Substinence ecology among the Gabra: nomads of Kenya/Ethiopia. Frontier. Ph.D. Thesis Columbia University, 455 pp., 1973.
Yagil, R., Sod-Moriah, U.A. and Meyerstein, N. Dehydration and camel blood. I. The life span of the camel erythrocyte. J. Physiol. 226: 298–301 1974.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, Z. Hormonal and behavioral patterns in the male camel (Camelus dromedarius). J. Reprod. Fert. 58: 61–65, 1980.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, Z. The effect of drought conditions on the quality of camels' milk. J. Dairy Res. 47: 159–166, 1980.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, Z. Milk yields of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in drought areas. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 67: 207–209, 1980.
9. DISCUSSION
Bianca, W. Reviews of the progress of dairy science. Section A. Physiology: Cattle in a hot environment. J. Dairy Res. 32: 291–345, 1965.
Dahl, G. and Hjort, A. Dromedary pastoralism in Africa and Arabia. In: Camels. IFS Symposium. Sudan 447–458, 1979.
Epstein, H. The origin of the domestic animals of Africa. Vol. 2. New York. Africiana Publ. Corp. Leipzig. Edition Leipzig. 1971.
Forti, M. Introduction of fodder shrubs and their evaluation for use in semiarid areas of the North Western Negev. Report Isr. Nat. Counc. Res. Dev. 1971.
Forti, M., Levy, Y., Pedoba, R., Ross, A. and Leibowich, Y. Use of municipal waste in growing industrial and fodder crops in the Negev. Technical Report. RDA Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, 1980.
Gast, M., Mauboisj, L. and Adda, J. Le lait et les produits laitiers en Ahaggar. Centr. Rech. Anthr. Prehist. Ethn. 1969.
Gauthier-Pilters, H. Some ecological aspects of the camel in Western Sahara. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan. 387–398, 1979.
Knoess, K.H. Assignment report on animal production in the Middle Awash Valley. FAO, Rome, 1976.
Knoess, K.H. The camel as a meat and milk animal. World Anim. Rev. 22: 3–8, 1977.
Knoess, K.H. Milk production of the dromedary. In: Camels. IFS Symposium, Sudan. 201–214, 1979.
Konar, A. and Thomas, P.C. The effect of dehydration and intravenous infusion of vasopressin on milk secretion in the goat. Br. Vet. J. 126: 25–28, 1970.
Kuchabaev, K.A., Cherepanova, V.P. and Panomarev, P.P. Feeding, milk productivity and chemical composition of camel milk. VSKKAV 15: 58–62, 1972.
Luce, H.R. The challenge of the future. In: Food and civilization: A Symposium. Edited by S.M. Farber; N.L. Wilson and R.H.L. Wilson. Charles C. Thomas Publ. Springfield, Illinois 4–16, 1966.
Macfarlane, W.V. Terrestial animals in dry heat: ungulates. In: Handbock of Physiology, Section 4: Adaptation to Environment. D.B. Dill ed. Washington D.C. American Physiological Society. 509–539, 1964.
Macfarlane, W.V. and Howard, B. Water in the physiological ecology of ruminants. In: The Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant. Ed. A.T. Phillipson, Oriel Press, Aberdeen. 362–374, 1970.
May, J.M. The ecology of malnutrition in Eastern and Western Africa. Hofner Publ. Co. New York, 1970.
Nemekh, G.B. and Accolas, J.P. Milk production in the People's Republic of Mongolia. XX Int. Dairy Congr. 1978.
Pasternak, D. Mechanical harvesting of salt bushes for fodder. In preparation.
Schmidt-Nielsen, K. Animals and arid conditions: Physiological aspects of productivity and management. The future of arid lands. AAAS Washington D.C. 368–382, 1956.
Shalash, M.R. Utilisation of camel meat and milk in human nourishment. In: Camels. IFS Symposium. Sudan. 285–306, 1979.
Shkolnik, A., Maltz, E. and Gordon, S. Desert conditions and goat-milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 63: 1749–1754, 1980.
Squires, V.R. The potential for animal production in the arid zone. Proc. Aust. Soc. Anim. Prod. 12: 75–85, 1978.
Squires, V.R. Animal production in the arid zone of Australia. World Animal Review 29: 21–28, 1979.
Stephenson, R.G.A., Hooley, R.D., Findlay, J.K. and Hopkins, P.S. Effects of heat stress on the lactation performance of ewes accustomed to tropical conditions and the total fluid intake of their lambs. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 33: 449–456, 1980.
Sweet, L.E. Camel pastoralism in North Arabia. In: Man, Culture and Animals. Edited by A. Leeds and A.O. Vayda. AAAS Washington, D.C. 129–152, 1965.
Taylor, T., Lemoyne, J., Mattheus, C. and Gilooy, T. The fight over food aid. In: Newsweek Intern. Magazine. 38–39, April 27, 1981.
Yagil, R., Sod-Moriah, U.A. and Meyerstein, N. Dehydration and camel blood. I. The life span of the camel erythrocyte. J. Physiol. 226: 298–301, 1974.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, z. The effect of drought conditions on the quality of camels' milk. J. Dairy. Res. 47: 159–166, 1980.
Yagil, R. and Etzion, z. Milk yields of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in drought areas. Comp. Bioch. Physiol. 67: 207–209, 1980.
