FAO Animal Health Manual 10 - Manual on Participatory Epidemiology - Method for the Collection of Action-Oriented Epidemiological Intelligence













Table of Contents




EMERGENCY PREVENTION SYSTEM

Text Prepared by

Jeffrey C. Mariner
(Consultant to FAO)

with additions by
Roger Paskin
(Animal Health Officer, Infectious Disease Emergencies, FAO)

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Rome 2000

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

ISBN 92-5-104523-2

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© FAO 2000

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Table of Contents


Abbreviations

Chapter 1: Participatory Epidemiology in Context

Introduction
Qualitative Intelligence Gathering and Quantitative Research
Principles of Rapid Appraisal Methods
Data Sources in Rapid Appraisals
Factors which may militate against the use of Random Sampling
Potential Sources of bias in Participatory Appraisals
Advantages of Participatory Methods in Epidemiological Studies
Participatory and Rapid Appraisal Techniques
Existing Veterinary Knowledge
Participatory Epidemiology and Epidemiological Intelligence

Chapter 2: Identification and Prioritisation of Animal Health Issues

Preparations
Interviewing

Checklists
Time and Place
Introductions
Questions

Probing
Triangulation

Multiple Methods and Multiple Informants
Key Biological Sampling

Direct Observation

Transects
Clinical and Post Mortem Examination

Analytical Activities, Exercises and Games

Mapping
Diagramming
Seasonal Calendars
Time Lines
Ranking, Scoring and Proportional Piling
Progeny History Analysis

Record Keeping
Analysis

Iterative Analysis
Participatory Analysis
Quantitative or Statistical Analysis

Participatory Epidemiology and Women’s Farming Activities

The role of women in agriculture
Working with women livestock owners - the rationale
Understanding “womens’ farming”

Chapter 3: Participatory Programmes and General Disease Surveillance

Chapter 4: Participatory Disease Investigation

Methodology

Preparations
Interviewing

Specificity of Disease Terminology
Interpretation and Utilisation of Results
Confirmation of Results

Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Directions

References

Annex 1: Epidemiological Field Kit

Annex 2: Progeny History Analysis

Annex 3: Stomatitis-Enteritis Sample Collection

Annex 4: Application of Participatory Methods to Rinderpest epidemiology

Overview of Rinderpest Surveillance Programmes

The Six Components of Comprehensive Rinderpest Surveillance
The Role of Participatory Epidemiology in Rinderpest Surveillance

Principals of Active Rinderpest Surveillance

Prevalence of stomatitis-enteritis agents
Clinical syndrome-based surveillance
Stomatitis-Enteritis Clinical Outbreak Definition
Stomatitis-Enteritis Outbreak Reporting and Performance Indicators
Participatory Epidemiology and Clinical Syndrome-Based Surveillance

Rinderpest Participatory Disease Search Methodology

Preparations
Interviewing
Topics for Probing
Mapping
Clinical Observation, Sample Collection and Transects
Analysis of Results

Participatory Epidemiological Intelligence and Serosurveillance.

Seromonitoring
Participatory Epidemiology and the Design of Serosurveillance Programmes
Interpretation and Investigation of Serosurveillance Results

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