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STATISTICAL ANNEX

Table 1. Food and agricultural production, consumption, and trade in LDCs, 1970-1997 (annual average percentage growth in value)

Table 2. LDCs: land resource potential

Table 3. LDCs: agricultural value added per worker, 1979-81 and 1995-97

Table 4. Yields of major crops in LDCs and other developing countries

Table 5. Relative contributions of area and yield to growth in crop production in LDCs,

1981-89 and 1990-99

Table 6. Share of LDCs in world livestock numbers in 1997-99 and in world output therefrom

Table 7. Internal rate of return per unit of expenditure on agricultural extension and research, in developing countries, by region, and in OECD countries

Table 8. LDCs: Per caput dietary energy supply (DES) 1979-81, 1989-91 and 1996-98 (kcal/day)

Table 9. Prevalence of undernourishment in the LDCs, 1996-98

Table 10. Rural and urban poverty in selected LDCs (percentage of total rural or urban population)

Table 11. Nonfarm income share for selected least developed countries

Table 11. Nonfarm income share for selected least developed countries (continued)

Table 12: Food imports in LDCs, 1996-98 (annual average)

Table 13. External assistance to agriculture (EAA) for developing countries and LDCs, 1981-99

Table 14. External Assistance to Agriculture (EAA): Total Commitments by Main Donor Groups from 1995 to 1999 (millions of US$)

Table 15. Intra-regional and interregional agricultural trade of developing countries, 1980-97 (value in million US dollars)

Table 16. Summary of tariff commitments made by LDCs under the Agreement on Agriculture

 

 

Table 1. Food and agricultural production, consumption, and trade in LDCs, 1970-1997 (annual average percentage growth in value)

Commodity group/     Production   Consumption   Imports   Exports  
commodity   1970-79 1980-89 1990-97 1970-79 1980-89 1990-97 1970-79 1980-89 1990-97 1970-79 1980-89 1990-97
Basic foodstuffs   1.78 1.91 2.40 2.40 2.33 2.26 4.43 3.12 2.51 -5.95 -7.92 9.23
Cereals     0.65 2.05 2.32 1.96 2.79 2.21 4.07 0.79 2.66 -5.70 -10.66 -1.99
Wheat     2.53 0.67 5.53 3.59 2.73 4.49 3.25 3.40 4.21 -15.57 20.51 35.72
Rice, milled   0.51 2.24 1.75 1.93 3.09 1.69 4.22 -0.61 1.20 -6.31 -13.98 -10.24
Coarse grains   0.80 1.54 3.98 1.60 1.71 3.45 6.13 -2.45 3.26 0.39 0.83 -1.26
Maize     3.26 3.98 1.66 3.55 3.02 2.64 9.39 -3.30 -0.14 -20.86 16.84 1.29
Millet & sorghum   0.45 1.07 4.08 1.21 2.51 2.25 7.12 -10.37 4.88 15.32 -1.65 -3.87
Other coarse grains -1.42 -1.19 7.65 -0.07 -1.53 6.96 0.64 2.41 8.11 -2.00 14.54 -10.59
Root crops   2.71 2.18 1.68 2.71 2.27 1.64 -2.05 7.73 -10.32 -9.58 -5.36 -15.40
Cassava   1.88 2.97 -0.41 1.90 2.98 -0.29 -28.92 27.08 7.57 -9.97 3.26 -28.21
Fats, oils and oilmeals 1.89 1.35 3.07 3.23 3.08 3.28 5.38 8.74 7.68 -6.41 -5.23 5.06
Fats and oils   1.95 0.44 3.73 3.63 3.09 3.97 5.38 8.72 7.79 -9.39 -4.40 6.60
Oilmeal   1.81 2.43 2.33 2.57 3.04 2.15 5.25 10.41 0.26 -3.25 -6.19 2.91
Pulses     2.21 0.59 2.77 3.01 0.59 1.50 17.38 10.69 -1.89 -2.50 -5.12 14.69
Meat   1.73 1.89 2.56 1.96 2.00 2.47 6.76 5.17 -0.11 -12.38 -13.09 17.62
Beef and veal   1.49 1.69 1.68 1.81 1.88 1.54 1.30 6.17 -6.09 -14.99 -19.57 -3.86
Mutton and lamb   2.25 1.00 3.42 2.25 1.05 3.10 3.34 17.77 -30.27 12.66 -49.05 256.79
Pigmeat   1.26 4.85 4.12 1.31 4.94 4.02 -1.88 6.78 1.92 -27.87 - -
Poultry meat   2.78 4.33 4.11 4.11 4.27 4.44 44.41 3.69 7.92 -19.68 -27.05 36.92
Dairy products   2.88 1.90 2.79 2.91 2.08 2.61 3.68 5.65 -1.62 -6.38 -1.68 24.30
Milk & milk products 2.86 1.91 2.74 2.89 2.12 2.53 4.19 6.62 -3.01 -5.98 -17.59 5.52
Butter     2.75 1.69 1.84 2.20 0.50 3.23 -1.32 -5.17 14.19 -5.76 0.91 35.16
Eggs     3.57 1.68 4.18 3.79 1.67 4.43 42.97 1.28 15.97 -20.57 -25.61 50.36
Other food commodities 0.51 2.22 1.15 0.96 2.41 1.51 2.57 2.08 7.19 -0.84 0.85 -0.43
Sugar     -0.84 0.95 1.75 0.14 1.81 3.72 3.93 1.98 8.02 -2.62 -2.61 0.85
Vegetables   2.16 2.74 1.67 2.17 2.76 1.79 3.82 7.12 4.73 8.40 18.32 -14.89
Fruits     0.27 2.16 0.86 0.19 2.27 0.94 5.24 -1.07 7.01 4.21 -2.47 -1.16
Tropical Fruits   -0.28 2.52 0.89 -0.20 2.49 0.92 4.44 -6.41 0.78 -7.07 4.11 -15.24
Citrus fruits   0.16 2.63 2.06 0.50 2.44 2.92 15.24 -6.95 33.96 -1.36 -0.52 -13.39
Tropical beverages -2.28 1.26 0.43 3.94 2.14 3.35 -2.45 0.75 7.77 -1.82 1.51 -0.09
Tea     1.88 1.06 3.69 3.04 0.87 5.40 -1.63 -1.87 5.66 1.48 -1.51 3.49
Coffee   -2.82 1.21 0.01 4.23 2.01 2.80 -2.97 9.27 17.31 -2.13 2.10 -0.64
Cocoa   -0.95 3.38 -1.86 -0.66 26.92 0.86 -6.69 -5.50 13.28 -3.50 -2.88 0.15
Agricultural raw materials -0.63 1.48 4.48 1.93 1.79 4.48 2.32 4.41 5.98 -3.12 2.04 3.00
Cotton     -3.78 3.92 7.75 0.17 5.88 10.33 0.24 6.14 3.11 -4.12 4.71 3.35
Jute     -0.61 -1.84 3.18 2.42 -0.73 3.76 4.60 -7.98 2.90 -4.67 -4.09 1.68
Sisal     -9.81 -7.80 -3.67 1.34 -0.81 -4.55 -43.89 - -19.43 -10.88 -14.77 -1.79
Rubber     -2.12 3.15 2.94 6.13 0.30 -10.86 3.76 0.82 3.91 -3.10 5.76 15.79

Source: FAOSTAT (2000).

Table 2. LDCs: land resource potential

Country * Actual arable land per caput (1994) (hectares) 1 Potential arable land per caput (hectares) 2 Land in use (1994) as percentage of potential arable land 3
With relatively large land balance:      
Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.07 2.29 3
Mozambique 0.09 2.59 4
Central African Republic 0.63 11.15 6
Angola 0.33 5.38 6
Liberia 0.16 2.19 7
Guinea-Bissau 0.10 1.05 10
Mali 0.18 1.72 10
Madagascar 0.18 1.69 10
Zambia 0.67 4.86 14
Sudan 0.32 2.32 14
Chad 0.53 3.56 15
United Republic of Tanzania 0.23 1.44 16
Guinea 0.26 1.30 20
Gambia 0.12 0.55 22
Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.20 0.88 22
Burkina Faso 0.35 1.43 24
Benin 0.36 1.40 26
Sierra Leone 0.29 0.83 35
Myanmar 0.22 0.63 35
Ethiopia 0.21 0.52 40
Cambodia 0.46 0.93 49
Malawi 0.22 0.42 51
Nepal 0.11 0.17 65
Mauritania 0.24 0.36 66
With relatively limited land balance:      
Bangladesh 0.08 0.12 71
Togo 0.61 0.74 83
Uganda 0.36 0.42 84
Somalia 0.13 0.15 90
With almost no land balance:      
Burundi 0.20 0.15 130
Haiti 0.13 0.09 151
Yemen 0.10 0.06 156
Lesotho 0.17 0.11 160
Eritrea 0.15 0.08 201
Afghanistan 0.47 0.23 207
Rwanda 0.30 0.12 259

*Ranked in order of land use as a percentage of potential arable land.

1 Land presently cultivated per caput of total population.

2 Areas that are suitable for cultivation in terms of soil suitability and availability of water (rainfall or irrigation). Includes lands currently under forest or wetlands which are protected and not available for agriculture.

3 High values indicate a low (or zero) reserve of available land.

Source: Adapted from A. Bot, F. Nachtergaele and A. Young, "Land resources potential and limitations at regional and country levels", World Soil Resources Report, Number 90, FAO, Rome, 2000.

Table 3. LDCs: agricultural value added per worker, 1979-81 and 1995-97

  Agricultural value added per worker (1995 US$) Percentage change
Country 1979-81 1995-97  
       
Angola 241 1 117 -51
Bangladesh 181 221 22
Benin 302 504 67
Bhutan 106 148 40
Burkina Faso 134 159 19
Burundi 177 139 -21
Cambodia 361 1 407 13
Central African Republic 396 439 11
Chad 155 212 37
Comoros 415 386 -7
Democratic Republic of the Congo 270 285 6
Gambia 325 216 -34
Guinea 239 262 10
Guinea-Bissau 221 326 48
Haiti 578 407 -30
Lao People's Democratic Republic 460 1 526 14
Lesotho 498 319 -36
Madagascar 198 180 -9
Malawi 100 122 22
Mali 225 241 7
Mauritania 301 439 46
Mozambique 74 1 76 3
Nepal 162 188 16
Niger 222 190 -14
Rwanda 307 201 -35
Sierra Leone 368 404 10
Togo 345 510 48
Uganda 54 326 504
United Republic of Tanzania 152 159 2 5
Yemen 295 305 2 3
Zambia 331 226 -32
Memo items:      
Sub-Saharan Africa 418 371  
Low and middle income countries * .. 567 -11
High income countries* .. 18 918 ..
       
       

*As defined by the World Bank.

1 1985-87.

2 1990-92.

Source: World Bank (1999), World Development Indicators 1999.

Table 4. Yields of major crops in LDCs and other developing countries

Crop Average annual yield in 1995-99 (tonnes per ha) Average yield in LDCs as percentage of yield in all developing countries
All developing countries LDCs
       
Wheat 2.64 1.48 66.0
Rice 3.70 2.54 68.0
Maize 2.86 1.23 43.0
Coarse grains 1.94 0.81 42.0
       
Fibre crops 0.64 0.52 81.0
Oil crops 0.48 0.22 47.0
Pulses 0.67 0.51 77.0
Roots and tubers 11.80 6.60 56.0
Vegetables 14.60 7.20 49.0

Source: Computations based on data from FAOSTAT (2000).

Table 5. Relative contributions of area and yield to growth in crop production in LDCs,

1981-89 and 1990-99

Crop 1981-89 1990-99
  Average annual growth of which due to: Average annual growth of which due to:
  Area Yield Area Yield
  (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)
             
Total cereals 2.1 77.0 23.0 2.0 72.0 28.0
of which:            
Wheat 0.8 36.0 64.0 4.0 70.0 30.0
Rice 2.3 17.0 83.0 1.7 43.0 58.0
Maize 4.1 88.0 12.0 2.4 43.0 57.0
Coarse grains 2.7 118.0 -18.0 2.5 75.0 25.0
             
Fibre crops (cotton) 1.5 35.0 65.0 3.0 80.0 20.0
Oil crops 1.0 85.0 15.0 3.6 105.0 -5.0
Pulses 0.3     4.4 84.0 26.0
Roots and tubers 2.7 77.0 23.0 1.7 81.0 19.0
Vegetables and melons 2.8 69.0 31.0 1.8 62.0 38.0
Fruits 2.3 106.0 -6.0 1.0 99.0 1.0

Source: Computations based on data from FAOSTAT (2000).

Table 6. Share of LDCs in world livestock numbers in 1997-99 and in world output therefrom

  Share in world livestock

(percent)

 Productivity

(kilograms of product per animal)
  LDCs All developing countries LDCs All developing countries
By product:        
Beef 4 48 113 167
Sheep and goat meat 11 70 11 13
Milk 3 39 115 414
Poultry meat 2 50 0.89 1.30
Pigmeat 1 57 46 72
         
By type of animal:        
Cattle and buffalo 14 77    
Sheep and goat 18 76    
Chickens 5 70    
Pigs 2 67    
         

Source: FAOSTAT (2000).

Table 7. Internal rate of return per unit of expenditure on agricultural extension and research, in developing countries, by region, and in OECD countries

Region Extension

Median return (percent)

 Applied research

Median return (percent)
Developing countries in:    
Africa 27 37
Asia 47 67
Latin America 46 47
OECD countries 50 40
     

Source: FAO (Rome, 2000), The State of Food and Agriculture, 2000, Table 16.

Table 8. LDCs: Per caput dietary energy supply (DES) 1979-81, 1989-91 and 1996-98 (kcal/day)

Country/region  
  1979-81 1989-91 1996-98
World 2 540 2 700 2 780
Developing countries 2 300 2 510 2 650
LDCs * 2 040 2 080 2 070
of which in:      
Africa 2 060 2 010 2 000
Asia 2 020 2 180 2 180
Pacific 2 380 2 340 2 410
Caribbean 2 040 1 770 1 840
       
Afghanistan 2 210 1 920 1 620
Angola 2 120 1 790 1 910
Bangladesh 1 910 2 060 2 060
Benin 2 050 2 310 2 540
Burkina Faso 1 690 2 090 2 160
Burundi 2 030 1 910 1 640
Cambodia 1 720 1 940 2 060
Cape Verde 2 500 2 960 3050
Central African Republic 2 320 1 920 2 000
Chad 1 650 1 740 2 070
Comoros 1 790 1 870 1 850
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2 070 2 100 1 750
Djibouti 1 810 1 810 2 060
Eritrea .. .. 1 650
Ethiopia .. .. 1 850
Gambia 1 800 2 440 2 520
Guinea 2 270 2 050 2 310
Guinea-Bissau 2 010 2 400 2 420
Haiti 2 040 1 770 1 840
Kiribati 2 600 2 580 2 920
Lao People's Democratic Republic 2 080 2 090 2 120
Lesotho 2 250 2 220 2 230
Liberia 2 520 2 120 2 000
Madagascar 2 420 2 160 2 010
Malawi 2 270 1 960 2 170
Maldives 2 160 2 370 2 470
Mali 1 760 2 270 2 150
Mauritania 2 120 2 540 2 630
Mozambique 1 920 1 780 1 860
Myanmar 2 320 2 630 2 830
Nepal 1 900 2 360 2 190
Niger 2 140 2 050 1 940
Rwanda 2 290 2 000 2 030
Sao Tome and Principe 2 080 2 150 2 170
Sierra Leone 2 110 2 020 2 050
Solomon Islands 2 230 2 110 2 170
Somalia 1 820 1 760 1 550
Sudan 2 270 2 190 2 430
Togo 2 190 2 290 2 460
Tuvalu .. .. ..
Uganda 2 120 2 300 2 140
United Republic of Tanzania 2 280 2 220 2 000
Vanuatu 2 560 2 730 2 730
Yemen 1 950 2 050 2 050
Zambia 2 180 2 060 1 960

* Excluding Bhutan, Equatorial Guinea, Samoa and Tuvalu, for which data were not available.

Source: FAO.

Table 9. Prevalence of undernourishment in the LDCs, 1996-98

  Total population *

(millions)

 Population undernourished
1969-71 1996-98 1969-71 1996-98
    Number (millions) Percent of total population Number (millions) Percent of total population
All LDCs* 304.9 594.3 115.7 38 235.2 40
AFRICA 165.6 344.9 67.4 41 149.0 43
Angola 5.6 11.7 1.8 33 5.0 43
Benin 2.7 5.6 1.1 41 0.8 14
Burkina Faso 5.4 11.0 3.2 59 3.5 32
Burundi 3.5 6.4 1.2 34 4.3 68
Central African Rep. 1.8 3.4 0.4 22 1.4 41
Chad 3.7 7.1 1.4 38 2.7 38
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 20.3 48.0 6.7 33 29.3 61
Eritrea .. 3.4 .. .. 2.2 65
Ethiopia .. 58.2 .. .. 28.4 49
Ethiopia PDR 30.6   17.2 56 .. ..
Gambia 0.5 1.2 0.1 32 0.2 16
Guinea 3.9 7.3 1.3 34 2.1 29
Lesotho 1.1 2.0 0.5 43 0.6 29
Liberia 1.4 2.4 0.4 30 1.1 46
Madagascar 6.9 14.6 1.1 16 5.8 40
Malawi 4.5 10.1 1.0 23 3.2 32
Mali 5.5 10.4 2.3 41 3.4 32
Mauritania 1.2 2.5 0.6 48 0.3 13
Mozambique 9.4 18.4 5.0 53 10.7 58
Niger 4.2 9.8 1.7 41 4.5 46
Rwanda 3.7 6.0 1.0 28 2.3 39
Sierra Leone 2.7 4.4 0.9 34 1.9 43
Somalia 3.6 8.8 2.0 56 6.6 75
Sudan 13.9 27.7 4.3 31 5.1 18
Togo 2.0 4.3 0.5 24 0.8 18
United Rep. of Tanzania 13.7 31.4 8.1 59 12.7 41
Uganda 9.8 20.0 2.2 23 6.0 30
Zambia 4.2 8.6 1.2 30 3.9 45
             
ASIA 134.7 241.6 45.8 34 81.3 34
Afghanistan 13.6 20.9 4.7 34 14.6 70
Bangladesh 66.7 122.7 20.2 30 46.8 38
Cambodia 6.9 10.5 2.1 30 3.4 33
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 2.7 5.0 0.9 32 1.5 29
Myanmar 27.1 43.9 9.4 35 3.1 7
Nepal 11.3 22.3 5.0 44 6.2 28
Yemen 6.3 16.3 3.6 57 5.7 35
             
THE CARIBBEAN 4.5 7.8 2.5 54 4.8 62
Haiti 4.5 7.8 2.5 54 4.8 62
* Excluding Bhutan, Cape Verde, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kiribati, Maldives, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu, for which data were not available.

Note: Totals may not add up due to rounding.

Source: 1969-71: Unpublished FAO data.

1996-98: FAO, Rome (2000), The State of Food Insecurity in the World, Table 1.

Table 10. Rural and urban poverty in selected LDCs (percentage of total rural or urban population)

Country Year or

period

 Poverty
Rural Urban
       
West and Central Africa      
Burkina Faso 1998 50.7 15.8
Chad 1985-1986 67.0 63.0
Guinea-Bissau 1991 60.9 24.1
Mauritania 1996 58.9 19.0
Niger 1989-1993 66.0 52.0
Sierra Leone 1989 76.0 53.0
       
East and Southern Africa      
Ethiopia 1994-1997 45.9 38.7
Lesotho 1993 53.9 27.8
Madagascar 1993-1994 77.0 47.0
Uganda 1997 48.2 16.3
Zambia 1996 74.9 34.0
       
East and South Asia      
Bangladesh 1995-1996 39.8 14.3
Cambodia 1997 43.1 24.8
Lao People's Democratic Republic 1993 53.0 24.0
Nepal 1995-1996 44.0 23.0

Source: IFAD Rural Poverty Report 2000, Rome (2000).

Table 11. Nonfarm income share for selected least developed countries

Country Year Strata Percentage share
       
Bangladesh 1987 Irrigated 29
    Favourable rainfed 41
    Drought-prone 36
    Flood-prone 45
    Saline-affected 28
  1963   18
  1973   22
  1976   18
  1982   8
       
  1979-81 Dhaka 59*
    Chittangong 65*
  1983/84   34*
  1984/85   35*
  1990/91   39*
       
Nepal 1987 Irrigated 1 19
    Irrigated 2 7
    Rainfed 1 17
    Rainfed 2 1
       
Burkina Faso 1978/79   22
  1981-85 Sahelian (Unfavourable) 34
    Guinean (Favourable) 41
       
  1981-85 Unfavourable zone
    Low-income tercile 14
    High-income tercile 44
     
    Favourable zone
    Low-income tercile 20
    High-income tercile 50
       
Ethiopia 1989/90   31
       
  1989/90 1st income tercile 34
    2nd income tercile 30
    3rd income tercile 30
       
Gambia 1985/86   23
       
  1985/86 1st income quartile 20
    2nd income quartile 21
    3rd income quartile 20
    4th income quartile 26
       
Lesotho 1976   67
       
  1976 1st income quartile 30
    2nd income quartile 63
    3rd income quartile 94
    4th income quartile 84
       
Malawi 1990/91   34
       
Mali 1988/89   59

Table 11. Nonfarm income share for selected least developed countries (continued)

Country Year Strata Percentage share
       
Mozambique 1991 Cash crop zone 17
    Non-cash crop zone 12
       
  1991 Cash crop zone  
    1st income quartile 11
    2nd income quartile 15
    3rd income quartile 16
    4th income quartile 25
       
    Non-cash crop zone  
    1st income quartile 6
    2nd income quartile 6
    3rd income quartile 20
    4th income quartile 16
       
Niger 1989/90 Unfavourable 44
    Favourable 34
       
  1989/90 Sudano-Sahelian (Unfavourable)  
    Low-income tercile 27
    Middle-income tercile 41
    High-income tercile 64
       
    Sudano-Guinean (Favourable)  
    Low-income tercile 31
    Middle-income tercile 32
    High-income tercile 40
       
Rwanda 1991   24
       
  1991 1st income quartile 13
    2nd income quartile 16
    3rd income quartile 19
    4th income quartile 31
       
Sudan 1988   38
       
United Republic of Tanzania 1980   25
       

*Percentage share of employment.

Source: FAO, Rome (1998), The State of Food and Agriculture 1998, Part III.

Table 12: Food imports in LDCs, 1996-98 (annual average)

Country Total food imports

(million US$)

 Cereal imports

(million US$)

 Share of food imports in total merchandise imports

(percent)

 Share of cereals in food imports (percent)
All LDCs 5 179 2 710 15 52  
Afghanistan 124 35 28 28  
Angola 275 104 13 38  
Bangladesh 598 363 9 61  
Benin 98 43 15 43  
Bhutan 14 9 10 62  
Burkina Faso 97 63 13 66  
Burundi 22 13 17 58  
Cambodia 59 13 10 22  
Cape Verde 49 11 21 23  
Central African Republic 24 9 10 38  
Chad 37 22 16 59  
Comoros 22 11 38 48  
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 196 103 45 52  
Djibouti 54 24 17 43  
Equatorial Guinea 8 2 8 24  
Eritrea 69 57 14 82  
Ethiopia 113 93 10 82  
Gambia 63 31 26 49  
Guinea 155 77 16 50  
Guinea-Bissau 29 22 46 77  
Haiti 224 134 32 60  
Kiribati 11 4 27 38  
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 37 24 6 66  
Lesotho 143 70 13 49  
Liberia 67 46 17 69  
Madagascar 52 35 11 67  
Malawi 43 30 7 69  
Maldives 45 13 13 28  
Mali 91 29 12 32  
Mauritania 171 108 70 63  
Mozambique 120 68 15 57  
Myanmar 34 12 1 37  
Nepal 84 20 6 23  
Niger 76 28 18 37  
Rwanda 66 48 25 72  
Samoa 27 7 27 25  
Sao Tome and Principe 5 2 22 50  
Sierra Leone 130 94 76 73  
Solomon Islands 17 11 10 64  
Somalia 88 36 50 41  
Sudan 239 146 14 61  
Togo 48 26 11 54  
Tuvalu 1 0 11 34  
Uganda 48 34 6 70  
United Rep of Tanzania 137 71 10 52  
Vanuatu 15 7 15 48  
Yemen 969 442 51 46  
Zambia 85 61 10 72  

Source: FAO.

Table 13. External assistance to agriculture (EAA) for developing countries and LDCs, 1981-99

Period Total ODA commitments Of which external assistance to agriculture (EAA)
All developing countries LDCs Share of LDCs in total ODA in developing countries All developing countries LDCs EAA as % of ODA in developing countries Share of LDCs in total EAA of developing countries Share of EAA in total ODA in LDCs
  mil. US$ mil. US$ % mil. US$ mil. US$ % % %
  (1) (2) (3)=(2/1) (4) (5) (6)=(4/1) (7) = 5/4) (8) =(5/2)
                 
1981 39 894 10 316 25.9 9 945 2 173 24.9 21.9 21.1
1982 37 277 10 529 28.2 10 775 2 317 28.9 21.5 22.0
1983 35 907 10 317 28.7 10 031 2 214 27.9 22.1 21.5
1984 39 012 10 631 27.3 9 411 1 808 24.1 19.2 17.0
1985 38 128 10 892 28.6 9 988 2 228 26.2 22.3 20.5
1986 44 951 13 121 29.2 12 532 2 329 27.9 18.6 17.8
1987 52 638 15 876 30.2 12 229 2 845 23.2 23.3 17.9
1988 61 224 15 949 26.1 13 343 3 354 21.8 25.1 21.0
1989 56 213 15 548 27.7 12 404 2 826 22.0 22.8 18.2
1990 80 923 16 042 19.8 13 591 3 090 16.8 22.7 19.3
                 
Average                
1981-90 48 617 12 922 27.2 11 425 2 518 24.4 21.9 19.6
             
1991 77 758 17 570 22.6 12 196 1 881 15.7 15.4 10.7
1992 71 811 17 034 23.7 12 547 2 505 17.4 20.0 14.7
1993 72 180 15 478 21.4 9 535 1 708 13.2 17.9 11.0
1994 74 248 16 430 22.1 11 350 1 520 15.3 13.3 9.3
1995 75 385 15 693 20.8 10 949 1 798 14.5 16.4 11.5
1996 73 709 14 620 19.8 10 951 2 185 14.9 20.0 15.0
1997 63 442 14 044 22.1 11 641 2 205 18.4 18.9 15.7
1998 61 533 14 229 23.1 11 953 2 270 19.4 19.0 16.0
1999 * 67 798 14 976 22.1 10 297 2 145 15.1 20.8 14.3
Average                
1991-99 70 874 15 564 22.0 11 269 2 014 16.0 18.0 13.1
                 

Source: FAO data on external assistance to agriculture, based on information available from OECD, World Bank, regional development banks, IFAD, OPEC and CGIAR.

* 1999 data is provisional

Table 14. External Assistance to Agriculture (EAA): Total Commitments by Main Donor Groups from 1995 to 1999 (millions of US$)

  LDCs - Total All Developing Countries - Total
  1995 1996 1997 1998 1999* 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999*
                     
Total EAA commitments

- of which grants

 1 798

926

 2 185

1 496

 2 205

1 074

 2 270

1 153

 2 145

1 092

 10 949

3 306

 10 951

3 508

 11 641

3 231

 11 953

3 565

 10 297

3 259
                     
Total Bilateral 1 001 1 511 1 088 1 140 1175 4 727 5 136 4 137 4 446 3 992
                     
Total Multilateral 797 674 1 118 1 130 970 6 221 5 815 7 504 7 507 6 305
of which:                    
- CGIAR Group/FAO/UNDP na na na na na 663 657 730 718 708
- IFAD 120 133 106 150 175 255 391 350 405 393
- Regional Development Banks 205 161 400 300 357 990 1 889 2 247 1 548 2 039
- World Bank Group 370 300 493 535 279 4 158 2 622 3 752 4 330 2 872

Source: FAO data on external assistance to agriculture, based on information available from OECD, World Bank, Regional Development Banks,

IFAD, OPEC and CGIAR.

na: data not available

* 1999 data is provisional.

Table 15. Intra-regional and interregional agricultural trade of developing countries, 1980-97 (value in million US dollars)

Exports from: Year All developing countries Latin America Africa West Asia Other Asia
Exports to:   Value % of total exports Value % of total exports Value % of total exports Value % of total exports Value % of total exports
                       
World 1980 78 023 100 15 503 100 15 082 100 14 044 100 30 177 100
  1990 102 457 100 17 070 100 15 621 100 19 031 100 47 382 100
  1996 166 940 100 31 688 100 17 560 100 24 462 100 88 705 100
                       
All 1980 27 348 35 3 964 26 3 274 22 5 248 37 14 197 47
developing 1990 41 668 41 5 740 34 4 946 32 7 407 39 23 019 49
countries 1997 83 947 50 13 626 43 6 173 35 13 857 57 48 990 55
                       
of which in:                      
Latin 1980 6 990 9 3 335 22 970 6 1 204 9 1 269 4
America 1990 11 128 11 4 859 28 1 552 10 2 202 12 2 243 5
  1997 22 894 14 12 085 38 1 857 11 2 556 10 6 253 7
                       
Africa 1980 2 144 3 108 1 881 6 444 3 542 2
  1990 3 645 4 136 1 1 517 10 840 4 1 104 2
  1997 5 371 3 300 1 1 901 11 1 173 5 1 959 2
                       
West Asia 1980 1 520 2 14 0 138 1 1 144 8 197 1
  1990 2 611 3 40 0 332 2 1 936 10 238 1
  1997 2 912 2 88 0 446 3 4 300 18 1 013 1
                       
Other Asia 1980 16 274 21 486 3 1 165 8 2 372 17 12 066 40
  1990 23 851 23 668 4 1 409 9 2 350 12 19 272 41
  1997 48 527 29 1 109 7 1 935 11 5 805 24 39 498 45

Source: UNCTAD Handbook of International Trade and Development Statistics 1996-1997 (New York and Geneva: United Nations, 1999).

Note: The table relates to trade in all food items and agricultural raw materials (i.e. SITC 0+1+2 (less 27 and 28) +4).

Table 16. Summary of tariff commitments made by LDCs under the Agreement on Agriculture

  Average rate of : Average applied tariff rate 2
Country Bound tariffs 1 (%) ODCs 1
       
       
Africa:      
Angola 55 3 0.1 ..
Benin 60 3 19 13
Burkina Faso 100 50 33
Burundi 100 30 ..
Cent. Africa Rep. 30 16 ..
Chad 80 .. ..
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 55 3 0.1 ..
Djibouti 40 3 100 ..
Gambia 110 3 10 ..
Guinea 40 23 3 16.65
Guinea-Bissau 40 25 3 ..
Lesotho 200 .. ..
Madagascar 30 250 ..
Malawi 125 0 ..
Mali 60 50 27.65
Mauritania 25 3 15 ..
Mozambique 100 3 300 ..
Niger 50 3 50 ..
Rwanda 80 .. ..
Sierra Leone 40 3 20 3 ..
Togo 80 7 17
Uganda 80 3 .. 21
United Republic of Tanzania 120 120 16.2 6
Zambia 125 3 .. 24
Asia      
Bangladesh 200 3 30 7.5-60 (range)
Maldives 30 3 1 ..
Myanmar 84 4 .. ..
Solomon Islands 80 3   35.6
       
Latin America and the Caribbean      
Haiti 21 4 16 4 ..

1 Tariff bindings and other duties and charges (ODCs) are uniform for all items, except where otherwise indicated. (Source: Notifications to WTO).

2  Taken from the latest Trade Policy Reviews of the respective countries and from Kent, Wilcock and Gwynn (1997), Likely Impact of the GATT Agricultural Agreement on African Agricultural Trade and Development, ARAP II Research Report No. 1024, USAID.

3 Rate applied to most agricultural products.

4 Simple average of all agricultural tariff lines.

5 As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) is moving towards the Common External Tariff of 10 % or 20 % on agricultural products.

6 Average for all goods (including manufactured products).

 

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