As shown above in Figure 1, the importance of agriculture to Indonesia’s economy has been declining, although when data on a regional basis are examined, it becomes apparent that the decline has been far from even. The provinces contributing most to Indonesia’s agricultural output are the three Javanese provinces of Jawa Timur, Jawa Barat and Jawa Tengah. In 1991, they contributed about 50.72% of Indonesia’s agricultural output, while in 1995, their contribution was 44.3%. Sumatera Utara, Sulawesi Selatan and Sumatera Selatan were the next most important with a combined contribution of 17% and 17.94% in 1991 and 1995, respectively. Timur-Timur, Bengkuku and Sulawesi Tenggara made the smallest contributions to agricultural GDP in each of 1991 and 1995 (Table 4).
Table 4. Agricultural GDP in current prices, by region (billion rupiah)
|
Provinces |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
|
DI Aceh |
1470.9 |
1813.1 |
1906.2 |
2385.5 |
2987.5 |
|
Sumatera Utara |
4141.9 |
4995.0 |
4895.7 |
5494.8 |
6165.5 |
|
Sumatera Barat |
1162.5 |
1271.4 |
1313.1 |
1545.0 |
1725.6 |
|
Riau |
839.1 |
929.8 |
1252.1 |
1378.0 |
1574.1 |
|
Jambi |
535.9 |
604.4 |
708.7 |
833.9 |
973.0 |
|
Sumatera Selatan |
1582.0 |
1772.2 |
2015.3 |
2450.7 |
3242.9 |
|
Bengkuku |
357.8 |
411.5 |
464.0 |
648.4 |
773.4 |
|
Lampung |
1462.1 |
1771.2 |
1993.7 |
2460.6 |
3178.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DKI Jakarta |
232.5 |
197.6 |
144.4 |
141.1 |
151.0 |
|
Jawa Barat |
7826.2 |
8745.2 |
9107.8 |
10344.5 |
11453.0 |
|
Jawa Tengah |
7572.2 |
8498.4 |
7810.6 |
8778.9 |
10414.5 |
|
DI Yogyakarta |
597.0 |
675.6 |
699.9 |
855.8 |
945.4 |
|
Jawa Timur |
8368.4 |
9381.8 |
9670.0 |
10302.4 |
11336.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bali |
1166.7 |
1253.1 |
1253.8 |
1357.3 |
1485.6 |
|
Nusa Tenggara Barat |
748.1 |
856.6 |
974.3 |
1152.9 |
1325.1 |
|
Nusa Tenggara Timur |
681.4 |
768.5 |
858.0 |
998.2 |
1143.8 |
|
Timor-Timur |
130.6 |
149.0 |
153.6 |
186.8 |
208.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kalimantan Barat |
877.1 |
957.9 |
1291.0 |
1491.2 |
1768.0 |
|
Kalimantan Tengah |
562.3 |
652.8 |
1126.8 |
1469.9 |
1771.3 |
|
Kalimantan Selatan |
697.1 |
838.9 |
1123.1 |
1250.8 |
1444.0 |
|
Kalimantan Timur |
1066.8 |
1141.6 |
1677.7 |
1820.8 |
2066.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sulawesi Utara |
630.9 |
717.2 |
775.1 |
877.1 |
1036.2 |
|
Sulawesi Tengah |
473.3 |
528.3 |
646.9 |
821.4 |
1020.3 |
|
Sulawesi Selatan |
2239.5 |
2639.0 |
2865.6 |
3354.2 |
4028.9 |
|
Sulawesi Tenggara |
391.8 |
402.8 |
434.8 |
510.3 |
608.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maluku |
590.1 |
645.2 |
728.1 |
826.7 |
840.4 |
|
Irian Jaya |
456.1 |
492.1 |
973.2 |
1114.8 |
1284.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indonesia |
46860.2 |
53110.4 |
56863.6 |
64852.2 |
74950.9 |
Notes: 1994 are preliminary figures, 1995 are very preliminaryTo see which provinces were most heavily dependent upon agriculture, the percentage of each regions’ GDP attributable to agriculture was calculated for each of the years 1991 to 1995. The share of agriculture for each of these years in each of the provinces is shown in Table 5 while Figure 3 presents this information for 1991 and 1995. In 1995, Kalimantan Tengah was the province most heavily dependent upon agriculture since almost 41% of GDP came from agriculture. In 1991, it was ranked 10 in terms of its dependence upon agriculture. Nusa Tenggara Timur was the region most heavily dependent upon agriculture in that year. The agricultural sectors of DKI Jakarta, Riau and Kalimantan Timur represented less than 10% of GDP in each of these regions, making them the least dependent upon agriculture.
Source: Direkto Jenderal Peternakan (1997), p. 7.
Table 5. The share of agriculture in regional GDP
|
Province
|
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
|
(%) |
(%) |
(%) |
(%) |
(%) |
|
|
DI Acch |
18.46 |
21.02 |
17.51 |
21.22 |
23.28 |
|
Sumatera Utara |
34.20 |
34.89 |
26.88 |
25.35 |
24.98 |
|
Sumatera Barat |
31.03 |
29.73 |
21.79 |
21.41 |
21.27 |
|
Riau |
5.56 |
6.34 |
7.26 |
7.56 |
7.39 |
|
Jambi |
33.97 |
33.81 |
28.77 |
28.65 |
28.18 |
|
Sumatera Selatan |
17.58 |
17.67 |
18.77 |
20.32 |
22.26 |
|
Bengkuku |
37.99 |
37.39 |
33.34 |
36.18 |
37.03 |
|
Lampung |
40.01 |
40.71 |
36.85 |
37.66 |
39.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DKI Jakarta |
0.88 |
0.64 |
0.28 |
0.24 |
0.22 |
|
Jawa Barat |
21.38 |
21.30 |
17.29 |
16.58 |
15.62 |
|
Jawa Tengah |
29.15 |
28.14 |
22.99 |
22.34 |
22.64 |
|
DI Yogyakarta |
27.13 |
27.02 |
17.25 |
17.53 |
16.83 |
|
Jawa Timur |
24.56 |
24.33 |
19.67 |
18.03 |
17.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bali |
33.31 |
31.52 |
22.04 |
20.91 |
20.05 |
|
Nusa Tenggara Barat |
47.58 |
45.80 |
38.20 |
38.94 |
38.23 |
|
Nusa Tenggara Timur |
48.79 |
46.89 |
40.92 |
40.64 |
39.71 |
|
Timor-Timur |
39.84 |
38.55 |
29.80 |
30.95 |
29.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kalimantan Barat |
27.12 |
25.87 |
25.08 |
24.65 |
24.77 |
|
Kalimantan Tengah |
34.67 |
33.45 |
36.74 |
40.19 |
40.70 |
|
Kalimantan Selatan |
25.67 |
26.50 |
24.63 |
23.63 |
23.52 |
|
Kalimantan Timur |
8.72 |
8.46 |
10.47 |
9.50 |
9.49 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sulawesi Utara |
36.43 |
36.54 |
27.62 |
27.49 |
27.32 |
|
Sulawesi Tengah |
42.68 |
41.68 |
36.85 |
38.85 |
39.86 |
|
Sulawesi Selatan |
42.56 |
43.47 |
38.15 |
38.39 |
39.14 |
|
Sulawesi Tenggara |
40.55 |
37.86 |
33.73 |
33.79 |
33.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maluku |
33.71 |
33.24 |
29.68 |
29.66 |
27.08 |
|
Irian Jaya |
16.91 |
16.09 |
20.51 |
20.76 |
18.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indonesia |
21.36 |
21.42 |
17.57 |
17.31 |
17.09 |
Notes: 1994 are preliminary figures, 1995 are very preliminaryFigure 3. Agriculture’s share of regional GDP, 1991 and 1995
