The key priority of the Indonesian government as far as the livestock sector is concerned is the expansion of the poultry industry, in particular the broiler industry. In 1997, about 816 million broilers were produced on Indonesian farms, more than 30 times the number in 1981 (Table 12). For the years shown in Table 12, both broilers and layers recorded rates of growth of over 16% compared to 5.2% for indigenous chickens and 4.4% for ducks. Policy makers see the broiler industry as an important source of animal protein since in comparison with cattle poultry are efficient converters of feed grains into meat.
Table 12. Poultry numbers in Indonesia, 1969 to 1997
|
Year
|
Indigenous chickens
|
Poultry |
||
|
Layers |
Broilers |
Duck |
||
|
(000) |
(000) |
(000) |
(000) |
|
|
1969 |
61788 |
688 |
na |
7269 |
|
1970 |
62652 |
706 |
na |
7370 |
|
1971 |
73841 |
1799 |
na |
10416 |
|
1972 |
79627 |
3000 |
na |
12404 |
|
1973 |
79906 |
2202 |
na |
12503 |
|
1974 |
89650 |
3450 |
na |
13620 |
|
1975 |
94572 |
3903 |
na |
14123 |
|
1976 |
97504 |
4878 |
na |
15182 |
|
1977 |
101686 |
5807 |
na |
16032 |
|
1978 |
108916 |
6071 |
na |
17541 |
|
1979 |
114350 |
7007 |
na |
18069 |
|
1980 |
126310 |
22940 |
na |
21078 |
|
1981 |
132878 |
24568 |
25462 |
22420 |
|
1982 |
139787 |
26312 |
28110 |
23861 |
|
1983 |
159462 |
28102 |
31033 |
23781 |
|
1984 |
166815 |
29559 |
110580 |
24694 |
|
1985 |
155627 |
31875 |
143657 |
23870 |
|
1986 |
162991 |
38689 |
173795 |
27002 |
|
1987 |
168405 |
39968 |
218183 |
26025 |
|
1988 |
182879 |
39413 |
227044 |
25080 |
|
1989 |
191433 |
40452 |
262918 |
24315 |
|
1990 |
201365 |
43185 |
362612 |
25553 |
|
1991 |
208966 |
46885 |
407908 |
25369 |
|
1992 |
222530 |
54146 |
459097 |
27342 |
|
1993 |
222893 |
54736 |
528159 |
26618 |
|
1994 |
243261 |
63334 |
622965 |
27536 |
|
1995 |
250080 |
68897 |
689467 |
29616 |
|
1996 |
260713 |
78706 |
755956 |
29959 |
|
1997(a) |
270756 |
85471 |
816784 |
31177 |
|
Rate of growth(b) |
5.2% |
16.2% |
21.5% |
4.4% |
Notes: na indicates not available;The importance of poultry in raising Indonesian meat consumption is apparent from Figure 7. This shows that in 1997, over 50% of the meat consumed in Indonesia came from poultry. By comparison, in the early 1980s less than one third of the meat consumption recorded in the official statistics was poultry meat. Pork is not consumed by Muslims since they consider it unclean and haram. However, the Chinese who tend to be more affluent than other Indonesians and make up about 3% of the population consume large quantities. Beef and buffalo meat are not favoured by Indonesians because compared to poultry both meats are expensive. Meat from bovine animal is considered a halal food and this means it can be consumed by Muslims. All processed foods in Indonesia are generally labelled with a halal logo. The Department of Health and the Muslim Union control the issuing of the logo.
(a) preliminary;
(b) Rate of growth is the coefficient on t in the regression ln(y) = a + b t, where t is yearSource: Direktor Jenderal Peternakan (1997), p. 87
Figure 7. Consumption of meats by species, 1969 to 1997
Poultry meat comes from a number of different sources. As might be expected based upon the data presented earlier, chickens were the most important, with broilers (474000 t) and native chicken (250000 t) being dominant. The reason for the importance of chicken meat is that it is generally the least expensive to produce and to purchase. Figure 8 shows how the relative importance of native chickens, broilers, culled layers and ducks changed between 1984 and 1997.
Figure 8. Consumption of poultry meat, 1984 to 1997
