NATIVE CHICKEN

As indicated in the previous section and in Chapter 1 of this report native chicken - or indigenous chicken - are an important part of the poultry industry. They require almost no inputs and help to maintain hygiene in rural villages through scavenging activities. One really remarkable change has been the decline in the number of households keeping native chickens. According to information from the Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan, households with native chickens fell from over 13 million in 1973 to under 500000 by 1993 (Table 13). This fall in household numbers with native chicken was accompanied by an increase in native chicken numbers from almost 80 million to 222 million. This suggests that the raising of native chickens has become more commercial, since the average household with native chicken had about 480 birds in 1993 as compared to around six in the earlier year. Native chickens are reared throughout Indonesia, with the highest numbers being found in Java.

Table 13. Number of native chicken household 1963, 1973, 1983 and 1993

Provinces	1963(a)	1973	1983	1993(b)
DI Aceh	240575	242266	19076	31000
Sumatera Utara	625132	551784	23765	29000
Sumatera Barat	233188	250965	12011	17000
Riau	130005	140795	15505	31000
Jambi	60797	94858	9364	13000
Sumatera Selatan	541225	269426	32349	24000
Bengkuku	0	52414	3656	5000
Lampung	0	342909	16294	17000
DKI Jakarta	15740	87567	403	0
Jawa Barat	1584465	2688941	36083	44000
Jawa Tengah	2075295	3097830	64860	50000
DI Yogyakarta	244957	371217	9954	13000
Jawa Timur	2528295	3492130	44696	46000
Bali	237776	309685	14516	15000
Nusa Tenggara Barat	191605	237914	10999	9000
Nusa Tenggara Timur	236972	237492	14618	15000
Timor-Timur	0	0	335	1000
Kalimantan Barat	197438	211147	14022	18000
Kalimantan Tengah	56314	61621	7157	8000
Kalimantan Selatan	132168	106763	9326	12000
Kalimantan Timur	47579	44499	6654	11000
Sulawesi Utara	200493	165196	7567	9000
Sulawesi Tengah	0	78786	5266	8000
Sulawesi Selatan	409906	621581	22600	28000
Sulawesi Tenggara	0	56045	6268	7000
Maluku	0	51769	4207	11000
Irian Jaya	0	0	3331	8000
Indonesia		13865600	414882	480000

Notes: ^(a) Poultry household; ^(b) Preliminary figure

Source: Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1996), p 57.

Table 14. Native chicken population 1985 to1997 by province

Provinces	1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997(a)		1997/ 1985
	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(%)
DI Aceh	7280	9645	10079	10285	12134	12705	13643	15107	15711	5.80	2.16
Sumatera Utara	9767	11237	12175	12748	13669	15585	17358	19165	21160	7.82	2.17
Sumatera Barat	5420	8171	8816	9363	9540	9525	9922	10187	10460	3.86	1.93
Riau	2069	2947	3107	2764	3343	3498	3734	3913	4100	1.51	1.98
Jambi	1685	2824	3092	3228	3456	3735	3917	4108	4318	1.59	2.56
Sumatera Selatan	5270	7237	7267	10045	10393	12110	12925	14350	15600	5.76	2.96
Bengkuku	2612	4021	4026	4043	4061	4078	4081	4163	4246	1.57	1.63
Lampung	4500	9213	10012	10720	11398	18759	13409	14068	14765	5.45	3.28
DKI Jakarta	242	702	702	252	222	153	114	128	127	0.05	0.52
Jawa Barat	19436	28278	28468	31669	36121	36702	35555	36193	35068	12.95	1.80
Jawa Tengah	23897	29454	29784	31092	31239	31479	33580	34328	35093	12.96	1.47
DI Yogyakarta	4039	4829	4831	4904	4978	5044	5053	5054	5100	1.88	1.26
Jawa Timur	26252	29511	30106	30675	31012	31105	33565	34286	37098	13.70	1.41
Bali	3714	5432	5380	5685	5987	6130	6313	6349	6462	2.39	1.74
Nusa Tenggara Barat	3252	3974	5713	4115	4545	4937	5286	5674	6178	2.28	1.90
Nusa Tenggara Timur	3313	4391	4527	6139	6767	7123	7614	7805	8000	2.95	2.41
Timor-Timur	409	514	551	581	613	498	526	555	585	0.22	1.43
Kalimantan Barat	2043	2295	2332	2717	3023	3368	3503	4673	4953	1.83	2.42
Kalimantan Tengah	1650	1629	1674	1707	2082	2305	2358	2477	2750	1.02	1.67
Kalimantan Selatan	4104	4647	4801	4437	4797	4980	5193	5356	5443	2.01	1.33
Kalimantan Timur	2010	2632	2374	3022	3214	3557	3738	4139	4324	1.60	2.15
Sulawesi Utara	1247	1510	1541	1705	1790	1880	1974	2072	2176	0.80	1.74
Sulawesi Tengah	1417	2788	3267	3832	4493	2774	3260	2504	2566	0.95	1.81
Sulawesi Selatan	15388	15911	16296	19127	6577	13359	14924	14949	14962	5.53	0.97
Sulawesi Tenggara	2850	5357	5500	4807	4372	4978	5528	5824	6115	2.26	2.15
Maluku	1164	1290	1329	1507	1566	1670	1743	1957	2000	0.74	1.72
Irian Jaya	603	928	1217	1363	1503	1229	1269	1329	1395	0.52	2.31
Indonesia	155629	201366	208966	222530	222893	243260	250080	260713	270756	100.0	1.74

Notes:^(a) Preliminary figures

Source: Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1997), p. 96 for 1995 to 1997 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1996), p. 85 for 1990 to 1994 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1988), p. 8 for 1985 data.

Table 15. Native chicken production 1990 to 1997 by province

Provinces	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997(a)		1997/ 1985
	(Kt)	(Kt)	(Kt)	(Kt)	(Kt)	(Kt)	(Kt)	(Kt)	(%)
DI Aceh	10.5	11.0	11.2	13.2	7.7	10.1	9.2	16.5	5.38	1.57
Sumatera Utara	12.2	13.2	13.9	14.9	19.6	30.3	23.8	24.2	7.91	1.98
Sumatera Barat	8.9	9.6	10.2	10.4	10.2	10.6	10.9	11.2	3.67	1.26
Riau	3.2	3.4	3.0	3.6	3.2	2.7	4.2	4.4	1.44	1.37
Jambi	3.1	3.4	3.5	3.8	4.1	4.5	4.8	5.3	1.72	1.71
Sumatera Selatan	7.9	7.9	10.9	11.3	11.3	14.0	16.7	17.4	5.68	2.21
Bengkuku	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.6	1.51	1.06
Lampung	10.0	10.9	11.7	12.4	19.2	18.6	18.2	19.1	6.25	1.91
DKI Jakarta	0.8	0.8	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.07	0.26
Jawa Barat	30.8	31.0	34.4	39.3	39.4	37.5	38.2	37.4	12.23	1.22
Jawa Tengah	32.0	32.4	33.8	34.0	74.6	40.7	49.7	60.7	19.85	1.90
DI Yogyakarta	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.5	1.79	1.04
Jawa Timur	32.1	32.7	33.4	33.7	33.5	36.5	37.5	37.4	12.23	1.17
Bali	5.9	5.9	6.2	6.5	6.1	7.1	7.6	8.6	2.80	1.45
Nusa Tenggara Barat	4.3	6.2	4.5	4.9	3.3	3.0	3.8	4.1	1.35	0.95
Nusa Tenggara Timur	4.8	4.9	6.7	7.4	6.8	8.2	8.2	8.2	2.69	1.72
Timor-Timur	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.3	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.22	1.20
Kalimantan Barat	2.5	2.5	3.0	3.3	3.5	3.5	4.6	4.9	1.60	1.96
Kalimantan Tengah	1.8	1.8	1.9	2.3	1.4	1.5	1.6	2.0	0.66	1.15
Kalimantan Selatan	5.1	5.2	4.8	5.2	5.1	5.3	5.6	5.7	1.88	1.14
Kalimantan Timur	2.9	2.6	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.8	4.0	4.4	1.45	1.55
Sulawesi Utara	1.6	1.7	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.4	0.77	1.45
Sulawesi Tengah	3.0	3.6	4.2	4.9	2.9	3.6	2.7	2.8	0.91	0.92
Sulawesi Selatan	17.3	17.7	20.8	7.2	7.0	7.8	8.5	9.0	2.94	0.52
Sulawesi Tenggara	5.8	6.0	5.2	4.8	4.8	5.2	5.8	6.5	2.11	1.11
Maluku	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.9	2.0	0.64	1.39
Irian Jaya	1.0	1.3	1.5	1.6	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.29	0.88
Indonesia	219.0	227.2	242.0	242.4	282.1	269.4	281.5	306.0	100.00	1.40

Notes: ^(a) preliminary

Source: Direktor Jenderal Peternakan (1997) p. 110 for 1995 to 1997 data; Direktor Jenderal Peternakan (1996), p. 98 for 1990 to 1994 data; Direktor Jenderal Peternakan (1988), p. 32 for 1985 data