EGG PRODUCTION

Eggs are produced by native chickens, layers and ducks. Their combined production increased more than fifteen times between 1969 and 1997. This represents an annual average growth rate of about 9.9%. The most dramatic increases occurred for layers. Production from layer hens went from 4200 t. in 1969 to 535900 t. in 1997, an annual average growth of 16.2%. In 1995, Indonesia had just over 69 million layers, and they were concentrated on Java. Production from ducks and native chickens also increased over the period 1969 to 1997 by 7.2% and 5.5%, respectively (Table 19).

Table 19. Egg production 1969 to 1997

Year	Native chicken	Layer	Duck	Total
	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)
1969	30.9	4.2	22.6	57.7
1970	31.3	4.3	23	58.6
1971	33.2	10.9	24.3	68.4
1972	23.4	18.2	25.9	67.5
1973	35.4	15.6	30.4	81.4
1974	36.1	24.8	37.2	98.1
1975	41.2	28	43	112.2
1976	40.5	31.9	43.2	115.6
1977	43.4	39.4	48.6	131.4
1978	45.7	43.7	61.6	151
1979	48.6	50.3	65.6	164.5
1980	50.4	141.6	70.6	262.6
1981	43	151.7	70.5	275.2
1982	55.8	164.9	76.3	297
1983	58	176.6	81.4	316
1984	65.9	207.3	82.1	355.3
1985	65.4	227.2	77.3	369.9
1986	69.5	250.7	117	437.2
1987	70.7	259	121.8	451.5
1988	76.8	248.9	117.4	443.1
1989	80.4	262	113.8	456.2
1990	84.6	279.8	119.6	484
1991	87.8	303.8	118.8	510.4
1992	93.5	350.8	128	572.3
1993	93.6	354.7	124.6	572.9
1994	119.5	423.5	145.6	688.6
1995	125.3	457	153.8	736.1
1996	128.8	500.6	150.4	779.8
1997(a)	128.2	535.9	153.9	818
Growth rate(b)	5.5%	16.2%	7.2%	9.9%

Notes: ^(a) Preliminary^(b) Rate of growth is the coefficient on t in the regression ln(y) = a + b t, where t is year

Source: Direktor Jenderal Peternakan (1997), p. 114 for 1995 to 1997 data; Direktor Jenderal Peternakan (1996), p. 102 for 1969 to 1994

Table 20. Layer population 1985 to1997 by province

Province	1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997(a)		1997/ 1985
	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	%
DI Aceh	63	175	106	77	83	80	168	184	181	0.21	2.87
Sumatera Utara	2433	2413	2515	3005	2773	3985	4469	4875	5123	5.99	2.11
Sumatera Barat	1399	1568	1604	1601	1731	1620	1643	1570	1613	1.89	1.15
Riau	415	469	596	617	642	559	602	733	891	1.04	2.15
Jambi	204	158	150	184	202	249	262	276	325	0.38	1.59
Sumatera Selatan	522	934	1186	752	799	806	984	1060	1200	1.40	2.30
Bengkuku	2612	37	39	37	37	38	38	55	80	0.09	0.03
Lampung	567	888	1127	1831	2034	2193	2394	3415	3958	4.63	6.98
	0	0	0	0
DKI Jakarta	965	32	32	30	30	27	21	10	10	0.01	0.01
Jawa Barat	8538	8401	8587	12069	12166	13655	13287	15280	16275	19.04	1.91
Jawa Tengah	4064	4402	4795	4939	4926	6865	8068	9126	10324	12.08	2.54
DI Yogyakarta	1730	1953	1953	1892	1997	2336	2403	2219	2300	2.69	1.33
Jawa Timur	6092	9923	11247	13147	12593	13610	15910	18540	19665	23.01	3.23
Bali	961	1124	1305	1318	1355	1477	1634	1727	1848	2.16	1.92
Nusa Tenggara Barat	85	146	219	163	180	184	191	290	370	0.43	4.36
Nusa Tenggara Timur	218	454	468	380	398	106	110	104	98	0.11	0.45
Timor-Timur	3	15	17	19	21	25	27	30	33	0.04	10.87
Kalimantan Barat	1171	536	648	1029	1177	1562	1806	2115	2289	2.68	1.95
Kalimantan Tengah	116	57	79	79	85	45	46	38	38	0.04	0.32
Kalimantan Selatan	328	284	283	402	434	409	457	662	728	0.85	2.22
Kalimantan Timur	390	473	377	336	346	548	606	646	674	0.79	1.73
Sulawesi Utara	475	646	697	71	800	779	793	793	802	0.94	1.69
Sulawesi Tengah	90	145	160	177	196	278	231	225	227	0.27	2.53
Sulawesi Selatan	579	1703	1919	2215	1853	2816	2823	3413	4127	4.83	7.13
Sulawesi Tenggara	41	23	25	25	26	24	47	62	75	0.09	1.82
Maluku	132	92	99	87	93	99	102	106	111	0.13	0.84
Irian Jaya	196	178	185	196	208	225	273	296	317	0.37	1.62
Indonesia	31785	43185	46885	54146	54736	63335	68897	78706	85471	100.0	2.69

Notes: ^(a) Preliminary figures

Source: Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1996), p. 86 for 1990 to 1994 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1988), p. 8 for 1985 data..

Table 21. Layer egg production 1985 to 1997 by province

Province	1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997(a)		1997/ 1985
	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(%)
DI Aceh	0.4	1.3	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.5	1.1	1.4	1.4	0.26	3.25
Sumatera Utara	16.6	18.1	18.9	22.6	20.9	29.3	34.7	40.0	40.0	7.46	2.42
Sumatera Barat	9.5	11.8	12.1	12.0	13.0	10.5	10.6	10.2	10.5	1.95	1.10
Riau	2.8	3.5	4.5	4.6	4.8	3.3	3.9	3.9	4.7	0.89	1.68
Jambi	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.5	1.3	1.6	1.9	2.2	0.42	1.60
Sumatera Selatan	3.6	7.0	8.9	5.7	6.0	5.5	7.6	8.9	9.4	1.76	2.66
Bengkuku	0.7	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.10	0.74
Lampung	3.9	6.7	8.5	13.8	15.3	14.7	16.8	17.3	24.7	4.61	6.42
DKI Jakarta	6.6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.02	0.02
Jawa Barat	58.1	63.2	64.5	90.7	91.5	123.0	119.6	137.6	147.8	27.57	2.54
Jawa Tengah	27.6	33.1	36.1	37.1	37.0	55.2	74.1	77.0	79.9	14.92	2.89
DI Yogyakarta	11.8	14.7	14.7	14.2	15.0	15.1	15.6	14.4	14.9	2.78	1.27
Jawa Timur	41.4	74.6	84.5	98.8	94.7	104.9	110.3	120.6	123.4	23.04	2.98
Bali	6.5	8.5	9.8	9.9	10.2	9.6	10.6	11.2	11.2	2.09	1.72
Nusa Tenggara Barat	0.6	1.1	1.7	1.2	1.4	1.1	1.2	0.8	0.8	0.15	1.38
Nusa Tenggara Timur	1.5	3.4	3.5	2.9	3.0	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.09	0.34
Timor-Timur	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.04	10.15
Kalimantan Barat	8.0	4.0	4.9	7.7	8.9	10.1	13.1	13.7	17.7	3.31	2.23
Kalimantan Tengah	0.8	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.05	0.31
Kalimantan Selatan	2.2	2.1	2.1	3.0	3.3	2.7	3.0	4.3	4.4	0.82	1.98
Kalimantan Timur	2.7	3.6	2.8	2.5	2.6	3.4	3.6	3.9	4.2	0.78	1.58
Sulawesi Utara	3.2	4.9	5.2	0.5	6.0	5.0	5.1	5.1	5.2	0.97	1.61
Sulawesi Tengah	0.6	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.5	2.1	1.8	1.7	1.8	0.33	2.89
Sulawesi Selatan	3.9	12.8	14.4	16.7	13.9	22.3	18.3	22.1	26.7	4.99	6.79
Sulawesi Tenggara	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.09	1.72
Maluku	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.13	0.80
Irian Jaya	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.8	1.9	2.1	0.38	1.54
Indonesia	216.8	279.8	303.8	350.9	354.7	423.5	457.0	500.6	535.9	100.00	2.47

Notes: ^(a) Preliminary Source: Direktor Jenderal Peternakan (1997), p117 for 1994 to 1997 data, Direktor Jenderal Peternakan (1996), p. 104 for 1990 to 1994 data; Direktor Jenderal Peternakan (1988), p. 37 for 1985 data.

It is difficult to compare the census data on household numbers involved in raising broilers and layers since the series published are not consistently defined. Despite this caveat, Table 22 contains information available from official statistics.

Table 22. Number of layer/broiler households 1973, 1983 and 1993

Provinces	1973(a)	1983(a)	1993(b)	1993(c), (d)
DI Aceh	11451	745	2000	1000
Sumatera Utara	3667	2175	2000	1000
Sumatera Barat	4239	2624	2000	1000
Riau	1006	738	0	0
Jambi	370	814	0	0
Sumatera Selatan	2610	2324	1000	1000
Bengkuku	400	858	0	0
Lampung	1865	1877	1000	0
DKI Jakarta	2582	585	3000	0
Jawa Barat	20890	14806	5000	10000
Jawa Tengah	24899	19231	2000	9000
DI Yogyakarta	3848	9401	13000	3000
Jawa Timur	28804	20205	3000	7000
Bali	3237	2962	1000	2000
Nusa Tenggara Barat	1775	1027	0	0
Nusa Tenggara Timur	1416	836	0	0
Timor-Timur	0	20	0	0
Kalimantan Barat	1252	1181	0	0
Kalimantan Tengah	0	582	0	0
Kalimantan Selatan	818	0	0	1000
Kalimantan Timur	137	2092	1000	1000
Sulawesi Utara	1073	703	0	0
Sulawesi Tengah	101	343	2000	0
Sulawesi Selatan	2406	2513	0	0
Sulawesi Tenggara	265	145	1000	0
Maluku	1055	539	0	1000
Irian Jaya	0	696	0	0
Indonesia	120166	90022	39000	38000

Notes: ^(a)Layer and broiler household; ^(b) Layer household; ^(c) Broiler household ^(d) Preliminary figure

Source: Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1996), p. 58.

Table 23. Ownership of large poultry farms in 1991 and 1992^(a)

Province	1991					1992
	Govt(b)	Public	Individual	Other	Total	Govt	Public	Individual	Other	Total
Sumatera Utara		3	90		93		3	108		111
Sumatera Barat		1	11		12		1	11		12
Riau	2		30		32	2	4	31	1	38
Jambi			1		1			1		1
Sumatera Selatan		1	2		3		1	2		3
Lampung		1	5		6		1	5		6
DKI Jakarta			3		3		3	8		11
Jawa Barat	4	31	273		308	4	31	273		308
Jawa Tengah		2	108		110		4	106		110
DI Yogyakarta		1	58		59		1	58		59
Jawa Timur		13	323		336		13	413		426
Bali	1		11		12	1		11		12
Timor-Timur		3			3		3			3
Kalimantan Barat			20		20			21		21
Kalimantan Selatan			7		7			7		7
Kalimantan Timur		5	7		12		5	7		12
Sulawesi Utara							1	3		4
Sulawesi Tengah			2		2			2		2
Sulawesi Selatan		2	5		7		2	5		7
Irian Jaya								1		1
Indonesia	7	63	956		1026	7	73	1073	1	1154

Notes: ^(a) Breeder. Layer: with more than 2500 head. Broiler: turns off more than 19500 head per year. Provinces with no large poultry farms are omitted from the table. ^(b) Govt indicates government

Source: CASER (pers.com)