OTHER LIVESTOCK

Sheep, goats, pigs and rabbits are used for food in Indonesia. Information on these sources of animal protein is extremely difficult to obtain, other than the production information and information on farm numbers that follow. These industries seem to play an important role in the nutrition of people in rural areas and they are a part of the traditional livestock sector.

Goats and sheep

Goats and sheep are important as an income source to smallholders. Adjid and Daniels (1992) report that despite low productivity, they contribute as much as 25% of the income earned by smallholders near to rubber plantations.[14] Table 37 provides information on the number of households with goats from 1963 to 1993. It is clear from this table that the number of households with goats fell markedly over this period.

Table 37. Number of household with goats 1963, 1973, 1983 and 1993

Provinces	1963	1973(a)	1983(a)	1993(b)
DI Aceh	44709	40930	11863	16000
Sumatera Utara	79790	48365	27513	23000
Sumatera Barat	18389	23233	3021	3000
Riau	13568	17092	6523	7000
Jambi	13604	13811	7099	4000
Sumatera Selatan	110326	23443	9524	10000
Bengkuku	0	8939	2745	3000
Lampung	0	58707	16800	30000
DKI Jakarta	6210	1513	1068	0
Jawa Barat	386209	381253	191014	51000
Jawa Tengah	838414	1076591	147751	90000
DI Yogyakarta	113010	152676	10544	7000
Jawa Timur	813600	874098	101724	78000
Bali	5819	7668	1662	4000
Nusa Tenggara Barat	40390	45500	13545	9000
Nusa Tenggara Timur	71705	72480	17512	19000
Timor-Timur	0	0	3847	9000
Kalimantan Barat	7210	7435	2391	2000
Kalimantan Tengah	1537	1254	620	1000
Kalimantan Selatan	4011	2317	2115	2000
Kalimantan Timur	1964	5240	1623	1000
Sulawesi Utara	30169	12175	3637	2000
Sulawesi Tengah	0	17934	6764	5000
Sulawesi Selatan	44964	74868	14430	9000
Sulawesi Tenggara	0	10499	1930	2000
Maluku	0	11071	5669	7000
Irian Jaya	0	0	837	1000
Indonesia	2645598	2989092	613771	397000

Notes: ^(a) Goat and sheep; ^(b) Preliminary figure

Source: Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1996), p53.

Table 38. Goat population 1985 to1997 by province

Provinces	1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997		1997/ 1985
	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(%)
DI Aceh	336	389	403	475	484	557	577.633	609	670	4.61	1.99
Sumatera Utara	306	466	490	515	541	586	648.832	714	785	5.40	2.57
Sumatera Barat	203	230	235	240	304	243	260.639	280	303	2.08	1.49
Riau	129	167	175	170	179	191	199.777	224	252	1.73	1.95
Jambi	57	86	93	98	101	112	115.429	119	123	0.84	2.15
Sumatera Selatan	401	471	500	508	528	545	548.659	523	541	3.72	1.35
Bengkuku	123	144	145	148	150	151	154.333	156	157	1.08	1.27
Lampung	198	303	312	317	329	737	721.682	734	747	5.14	3.77
DKI Jakarta	8	8	8	7	7	9	7.291	8	8	0.05	0.98
Jawa Barat	1160	1787	1819	1863	1902	1914	1956.562	2099	2112	14.52	1.82
Jawa Tengah	2486	2495	2467	2646	2562	2720	2830.833	2989	3156	21.70	1.27
DI Yogyakarta	257	270	270	274	274	274	275.942	277	278	1.91	1.08
Jawa Timur	1995	2109	2132	2245	1647	2266	2303.542	2549	2619	18.01	1.31
Bali	72	95	100	107	113	117	116.179	117	119	0.82	1.66
Nusa Tenggara Barat	256	271	286	252	267	287	301.15	322	348	2.39	1.36
Nusa Tenggara Timur	341	447	434	529	544	600	612.229	505	629	4.33	1.84
Timor-Timur	74	97	100	117	126	159	172.225	187	203	1.40	2.74
Kalimantan Barat	48	50	50	61	64	84	87.814	104	108	0.75	2.26
Kalimantan Tengah	19	14	16	20	17	20	22.026	23	23	0.16	1.19
Kalimantan Selatan	57	57	58	58	59	65	69.458	72	73	0.50	1.28
Kalimantan Timur	42	51	54	56	59	62	66.687	82	85	0.58	2.02
Sulawesi Utara	70	92	95	95	102	99	100.542	103	105	0.72	1.49
Sulawesi Tengah	169	235	249	265	120	194	206.254	197	212	1.46	1.26
Sulawesi Selatan	518	622	631	642	653	437	452.959	461	469	3.22	0.91
Sulawesi Tenggara	90	127	131	109	110	92	101.077	112	120	0.83	1.33
Maluku	163	172	176	187	192	201	212.27	232	251	1.73	1.54
Irian Jaya	21	43	55	60	65	48	45.038	43	46	0.32	2.20
Indonesia	9599	11298	11484	12062	11502	12770	13167.06	13840	14540	100.00	1.51

Notes: ^(a) Preliminary figures

Source: Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (pers.com.) for 1995 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1996), p. 81 for 190 to 1994 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1988), p. 3 for 1985 data.

Table 39. Goat meat production 1985 to1997 by province

Provinces	1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997(a)		1997/ 1985
	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(%)
DI Aceh	2.05	2.45	2.62	2.27	2.41	0.93	1.65	1.82	1.81	2.93	0.88
Sumatera Utara	4.7	2.16	2.09	2.74	2.79	1.7	2.09	3.34	3.68	5.96	0.78
Sumatera Barat	1.9	0.51	0.19	0.57	0.61	0.54	0.71	0.72	0.77	1.25	0.40
Riau	0.18	0.38	0.45	0.36	0.4	0.54	0.57	0.83	0.94	1.52	5.20
Jambi	0.86	0.5	0.55	1.2	1.26	0.22	0.19	0.65	0.69	1.12	0.80
Sumatera Selatan	0.8	0.98	1.26	1.48	5.65	2.68	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Bengkuku	0.7	0.02	0.02	0.41	0.46	0.48	0.82	0.88	0.89	1.43	1.26
Lampung	1.94	1.68	1.68	6.23	6.36	1.61	1.70	1.65	1.68	2.72	0.87
DKI Jakarta	2	5.26	5.26	8.52	7.75	7.75	1.55	2.15	2.31	3.74	1.16
Jawa Barat	4.41	4.12	7.46	4.77	5.57	6.87	8.09	7.28	7.19	11.66	1.63
Jawa Tengah	8.44	8.95	9.39	9.44	9.75	7.98	8.38	8.52	8.67	14.04	1.03
DI Yogyakarta	0.9	0.81	0.75	0.75	0.92	0.94	0.98	0.85	0.88	1.42	0.97
Jawa Timur	17.18	20.1	19.95	19.32	19.05	19.82	19.88	22.10	23.24	37.66	1.35
Bali	0.56	0.55	0.61	0.59	0.8	0.7	0.80	0.81	0.87	1.41	1.55
Nusa Tenggara Barat	0.3	0.24	0.22	0.31	0.31	0.28	0.32	0.39	0.40	0.65	1.33
Nusa Tenggara Timur	0.1	6.12	0.61	2.48	0.4	0.36	0.79	0.73	0.68	1.10	6.79
Timor-Timur	0.1	0.8	0.88	0.99	1.18	0.88	1.40	1.54	1.69	2.75	16.94
Kalimantan Barat	0.64	0.3	0.3	2.54	1.23	0.24	0.27	0.37	0.43	0.70	0.67
Kalimantan Tengah	0.1	0.1	0.14	0.12	0.12	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.06	0.37
Kalimantan Selatan	0.2	0.14	0.14	0.15	0.17	0.18	0.31	0.38	0.11	0.18	0.54
Kalimantan Timur	0.31	0.15	0.15	0.32	0.22	0.3	0.35	0.42	0.47	0.76	1.52
Sulawesi Utara	0.14	0.15	0.15	1.33	1.89	0.48	0.49	0.50	0.51	0.83	3.66
Sulawesi Tengah	0.07	0.18	0.18	0.2	0.22	0.52	0.64	0.76	0.78	1.26	11.09
Sulawesi Selatan	0.55	0.28	0.31	0.34	0.36	0.24	0.18	0.19	0.19	0.30	0.34
Sulawesi Tenggara	0.17	0.6	0.67	0.49	0.39	0.44	0.50	0.38	0.39	0.64	2.31
Maluku	0.1	0.61	0.71	0.55	0.58	0.3	0.31	0.30	0.34	0.54	3.35
Irian Jaya	0.1	0.12	0.28	0.29	0.32	0.08	0.10	0.18	0.21	0.33	2.06
Indonesia	49.5	58.26	57.02	68.76	71.19	57.07	55.89	59.61	61.70	100.0	1.25

Notes: ^(a) Preliminary figures

Source: Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1997), p. 106 for 1995 to 1997 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1996), p. 81 for 1990 to 1994 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1988), p. 32 for 1985 data.

Table 40. Sheep population 1985 to 1997 by province^(a)

Province	1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997(b)		1997/ 1985
	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(%)
DI Aceh	149	94	97	104	102	117	120	128	144	1.81	0.97
Sumatera Utara	58	85	91	95	101	120	139	146	154	1.93	2.66
Sumatera Barat	0	4	4	4	4	2	2	2	2	0.02	nc
Riau	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0.00	0.00
Jambi	28	42	47	42	40	42	46	51	53	0.66	1.89
Sumatera Selatan	100	105	106	104	94	86	84	103	103	1.30	1.03
Bengkuku	27	35	36	36	35	29	23	21	20	0.25	0.75
Lampung	32	42	43	50	27	31	31	32	33	0.41	1.02
DKI Jakarta	4	4	4	3	4	3	2	1	1	0.02	0.35
Jawa Barat	1999	3001	3053	3052	3162	3326	3543	3778	3810	47.85	1.91
Jawa Tengah	1296	1312	1309	1402	1382	1545	1716	1766	1818	22.84	1.40
DI Yogyakarta	74	75	75	76	73	77	77	78	78	0.98	1.05
Jawa Timur	917	988	1014	1046	1015	1159	1170	1401	1496	18.79	1.63
Bali	1	<1	<1	1	<1	<1	0	0	0	0.00	0.25
Nusa Tenggara Barat	45	35	39	36	35	38	39	40	42	0.53	0.93
Nusa Tenggara Timur	79	102	106	103	99	108	111	115	145	1.82	1.84
Timor-Timur	28	31	33	33	32	31	32	32	33	0.42	1.19
Kalimantan Tengah	1	1	1	1	<1	1	0	0	0	0.00	0.07
Kalimantan Selatan	7	5	5	3	4	4	4	4	4	0.06	0.63
Kalimantan Timur	5	3	5	2	3	3	3	3	3	0.03	0.54
Sulawesi Tengah	16	18	19	20	19	10	11	8	8	0.10	0.52
Sulawesi Selatan	14	15	15	12	2	2	2	2	2	0.02	0.13
Sulawesi Tenggara	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	0	0	0	0.00	nc
Maluku	6	6	6	7	7	7	7	7	8	0.10	1.27
Irian Jaya	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	3	0.03	2.56
							0	0	0	0.00	nc
Indonesia	4885	6006	6108	6235	6240	6741	7168	7724	7963	100.00	1.63

Notes: ^(a) Provinces without sheep in any of the years in the table have been excluded from the table. ^(b) Preliminary figures

Source: Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (pers.com) for 1995 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1996), p. 82 for 1990 to 1994 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1988), p. 3 for 1985 data.

Table 41. Mutton and lamb production 1985 to1997, by province

Province	1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997(a)		1997/ 1985
	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(%)
DI Aceh	0.56	0.49	0.52	0.55	0.62	0.25	0.33	0.37	0.36	0.88	0.65
Sumatera Utara	0	0.51	0.42	0.56	0.58	0.37	0.48	0.73	0.77	1.86	nc
Sumatera Barat	0	0.06	0	0	0	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	nc
Jambi	0.07	0.14	0.16	0.64	0.65	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.19	1.13
Sumatera Selatan	0.12	0.15	0.25	0.21	1.42	0.52	0.57	0.37	0.28	0.67	2.29
Bengkuku	0.26	0	0	0.23	0.35	0.24	0.15	0.13	0.13	0.31	0.48
Lampung	2.42	0.29	0.29	1.25	0.93	0.19	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.30	0.05
DKI Jakarta	0.76	2.5	2.5	5.7	5.77	5.77	0.94	1.32	1.32	3.20	1.74
Jawa Barat	12.43	11.35	16.96	4.61	12.17	18.06	17.01	17.07	19.57	47.43	1.57
Jawa Tengah	5.04	5.68	5.51	5.81	6.04	5.02	5.86	5.54	5.24	12.70	1.04
DI Yogyakarta	1.19	1.3	1.13	1.02	1.59	1.51	1.52	1.75	1.25	3.03	1.05
Jawa Timur	6.04	8.86	9.31	9.34	9.62	10.36	10.77	11.08	11.64	28.23	1.93
Nusa Tenggara Barat	0.04	0.05	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.13	1.38
Nusa Tenggara Timur	0	0.1	0.02	0.01	0	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	nc
Timor-Timur	0.36	0.17	0.17	0.18	0.2	0.11	0.19	0.31	0.34	0.81	0.93
Kalimantan Barat	0.17	0	0	0	0	0	0.27	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Kalimantan Tengah	0.01	0.01	0.02	0	0	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.10
Kalimantan Selatan	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0	0.02	0.00	0.04	0.04	0.09	3.70
Kalimantan Timur	0.01	0	0	0	0	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.60
Sulawesi Tengah	0.1	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.04	0.06	0.04	0.06	0.06	0.14	0.59
Sulawesi Selatan	0	0.04	0.06	0.01	0	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	nc
Sulawesi Tenggara	0.21	0	0	0	0	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Irian Jaya	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	nc
Indonesia	29.8	31.72	37.41	30.21	40.05	42.62	38.39	39.03	41.25	100.0	1.38

Notes: ^(a) Preliminary figures

Source: Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (pers.com.) for 1995 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1996), p. 95 for 1990 to 1994 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1988), p. 32 for 1985 data.

Even though Indonesia is a Muslim country, there is nonetheless a pig meat industry and it is increasing. The number of pigs increased from 5700000 to 7825000 between 1985 and 1995. Most pigs are to be found on Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Bali and Irian Jaya. The provinces on Java had just over a quarter of a million pigs in 1995 (Table 42).

Table 42. Pig population 1985 to1997 by province

Provinces	1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997(a)		1997/1985
	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(000)	(%)
DI Aceh	10	12	12	2	2	2	1	0	1	0.01	0.05
Sumatera Utara	1211	1971	2065	2165	2340	2388	921	948	976	11.30	0.81
Sumatera Barat	20	20	21	19	32	33	46	47	47	0.55	2.36
Riau	33	44	47	43	192	217	251	364	533	6.17	16.16
Jambi	16	10	10	11	11	12	10	8	8	0.09	0.50
Sumatera Selatan	97	119	125	175	181	201	204	77	79	0.91	0.81
Bengkuku	<1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0.01	nc
Lampung	42	30	50	61	67	73	72	76	79	0.92	1.88
DKI Jakarta	54	49	49	44	43	42	9	8	0	0.00	0.00
Jawa Barat	35	41	46	17	158	50	42	53	50	0.58	1.44
Jawa Tengah	142	142	146	149	157	140	133	120	109	1.27	0.77
DI Yogyakarta	14	12	10	8	10	9	9	8	8	0.09	0.56
Jawa Timur	89	83	82	79	64	57	63	55	55	0.63	0.61
Bali	776	941	993	1047	1091	1056	1080	1073	1080	12.50	1.39
Nusa Tenggara Barat	16	21	32	23	23	24	23	24	26	0.30	1.64
Nusa Tenggara Timur	884	1162	1214	1341	1423	1406	1538	1589	2229	25.81	2.52
Timor-Timur	182	276	315	350	389	308	343	378	416	4.82	2.29
Kalimantan Barat	603	618	668	622	789	912	924	616	700	8.10	1.16
Kalimantan Tengah	145	117	121	142	92	129	137	144	154	1.78	1.06
Kalimantan Selatan	10	9	9	12	13	13	12	11	11	0.13	1.12
Kalimantan Timur	62	81	75	85	90	98	107	114	117	1.36	1.89
Sulawesi Utara	231	371	408	453	485	519	556	500	535	6.19	2.32
Sulawesi Tengah	86	149	169	187	207	139	150	173	188	2.18	2.19
Sulawesi Selatan	350	352	358	405	234	520	555	575	576	6.67	1.65
Sulawesi Tenggara	7	14	15	16	13	13	14	17	18	0.21	2.60
Maluku	77	87	0	86	90	92	96	100	108	1.25	1.40
Irian Jaya	506	405	570	594	618	407	427	517	533	6.17	1.05
Indonesia	5700	7136	7612	8135	8704	8858	7720	7597	8638	100.00	1.52

Notes: ^(a) Preliminary figures

Source: Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan(1997), p. 94 for 1995 to 1997 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1996), p. 83 for 1990 to 1994 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1988), p. 3 for 1985 data.

Table 43. Pork production 1985 to 1997 by province

Provinces	1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997		1997/ 1985
	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(kt)	(%)
DI Aceh	0.09	0.3	0.25	0.09	0.04	0.05	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.07
Sumatera Utara	32.25	16.16	11.66	13.22	17.62	29.43	29.98	33.97	34.98	17.74	1.08
Sumatera Barat	1.08	0.21	0.22	1.26	1.28	0.64	0.64	0.50	0.54	0.27	0.50
Riau	3.14	3.62	3.71	1.27	4.22	2.81	2.85	2.94	4.30	2.18	1.37
Jambi	0.92	1.18	0.88	0.34	0.26	0.56	0.61	0.64	0.67	0.34	0.73
Sumatera Selatan	3.36	5.27	5.5	6.32	10.47	4.23	3.89	4.51	4.61	2.34	1.37
Bengkuku	0	0	0	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	nc
Lampung	3.99	0.59	0.59	3.18	3.2	1.63	1.67	1.82	1.91	0.97	0.48
DKI Jakarta	26.01	27.46	27.46	28.09	26.83	26.83	12.89	12.70	12.76	6.47	0.49
Jawa Barat	3.32	2.94	2.82	1.23	4.59	4.16	4.67	5.11	5.10	2.59	1.54
Jawa Tengah	4.53	4.13	4.48	4.03	3.46	3.15	2.94	2.28	1.77	0.90	0.39
DI Yogyakarta	0.72	0.93	0.94	0.71	0.88	0.51	1.02	0.59	0.61	0.31	0.84
Jawa Timur	7.82	8.26	8.33	8.69	9.27	8.47	8.46	8.37	6.68	3.39	0.85
Bali	15.41	17.02	17.45	18.74	20.87	62.24	69.71	73.42	79.77	40.47	5.18
Nusa Tenggara Barat	0.4	0.31	0.29	0.64	0.64	0.55	0.40	0.71	0.71	0.36	1.78
Nusa Tenggara Timur	7.33	15.15	1.6	5.42	1.86	2.02	2.94	2.54	2.19	1.11	0.30
Timor-Timur	0.85	1.67	1.92	2.36	2.72	4.83	1.93	2.17	2.43	1.23	2.85
Kalimantan Barat	4.86	8.65	0	14.42	15.06	9.96	10.10	10.86	11.04	5.60	2.27
Kalimantan Tengah	0.83	1.15	0.83	0.82	1.13	0.51	0.61	0.68	0.68	0.34	0.82
Kalimantan Selatan	0.13	0.05	0.05	0.12	0.28	0.14	0.15	0.24	0.12	0.06	0.88
Kalimantan Timur	0.64	0.28	0.22	0.53	0.54	1.09	1.36	0.94	0.96	0.49	1.50
Sulawesi Utara	3.58	3.18	3.18	20.71	24.94	13.34	14.28	15.28	15.68	7.95	4.38
Sulawesi Tengah	6.72	0.4	0.41	0.43	0.5	1.03	1.22	1.80	1.91	0.97	0.28
Sulawesi Selatan	2.53	3.59	3.66	3.73	3.74	2.63	2.70	2.78	2.85	1.45	1.13
Sulawesi Tenggara	0.19	0.24	0.32	0.31	0.36	0.34	0.37	0.36	0.37	0.19	1.94
Maluku	0.6	0.62	0.64	0.58	0.59	0.27	0.29	0.30	0.32	0.16	0.53
Irian Jaya	1.4	0.45	12.64	12.64	13.95	2.18	2.11	4.03	4.15	2.10	2.96
Indonesia	133.2	123.81	110.05	149.9	169.32	183.63	177.82	189.54	197.12	100.0	1.48

Notes: ^(a) Preliminary figures

Source: Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1997), p. 108 for 1995 to 1997 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1996), p. 96 for 1990 to 1994 data; Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan (1988), p. 32 for 1985 data.