Based on the work in 1998 of
D.B. Krishnapillay
Consultant
Edited by M. Varmola
June 2002
Forest Resources Development Service
Forest Resources Division
Forestry Department
Working Paper FP/23
FAO, Rome (Italy)
1. Historical background of forest plantation development
1.1. Historical resume
1.2. Government policy1.2.1. Wood for pulp and paper production
1.2.2. General utility timber
1.2.3. High quality timber
2. Current status of forest plantation development
2.1. Area, location, species and ownership
2.1.1. Peninsular Malaysia
2.1.2. Sabah
2.1.3. Sarawak
2.1.4. Malaysia2.2.1. To meet the anticipated deficit in timber supply
2.2.2. To reduce pressure on natural forests
2.2.3. To ensure better land use
3. Constraints and challenges in forest plantations
3.1. Strategies in establishing forest plantations - issues to be resolved
3.1.1. Ecology
3.1.2. Land
3.1.3. Species selection
3.1.4. Inadequate supply of quality planting material
3.1.5. Labour and mechanization
3.1.6. Finance and private involvement3.2. Government tax incentives and regulations
3.3. Privatisation
4. Current status of rubber estates as forest plantations
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Log production and consumption
4.3. Total area of land under Hevea plantations
5. Economic viability of Hevea, acacia, teak and sentang
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Different options
5.3. Assumptions5.3.1. Products
5.3.2. Log volumes
5.3.3. Log prices
5.3.4. Silviculture and agro-management
5.3.5. Latex yield
5.3.6. Latex price5.4. Planting density and final stand
5.5. Limitations of the study
5.6. Return on investment
5.7. Discussion on viability5.7.1. Mono-culture: wood extraction only
5.7.2. Mono-culture: Hevea wood - latex extraction (shorter planting cycle)
5.7.3. Mixed plantation: Hevea-teak and Hevea-sentang
Appendix 1. Assumptions of the various options
Appendix 2. Investment returns of various options
Appendix 3. Sensitivity analyses for mono-culture plantations: Wood extraction only
Appendix 4. Sensitivity analysis for mono-culture plantation: Hevea wood-latex extraction (2,000 ha, 15-year rotation)
Appendix 5. Sensitivity analysis for mixed plantation: Hevea-sentang (40 ha, 20-year rotation)