Based on the work in 1998 of
F. Odoom
Consultant
Edited by M. Varmola
June 2002
Forest Resources Development Service
Forest Resources Division
Forestry Department
Working Paper FP/24
FAO, Rome (Italy)
2 History of forest improvements and tree planting
2.1 Natural forest silviculture
2.1.1 Tropical Shelterwood System
2.1.2 Modified Selection System
2.1.3 Line planting
2.1.4 Conclusions2.2 Natural forest replacement by artificial regeneration
2.2.1 Methods of land acquisition for forest plantations
2.2.2 Overview of the silvicultural systems used
2.2.3 Taungya
3 Experiences with hardwood plantations
3.1 Forest plantation initiatives by the Government
3.2.1 Individuals
3.2.2 Companies and firms
3.2.3 Private tree crops3.3 Some silvicultural experiences
3.4 Summary of established hardwood plantations
3.5 Potential management models3.5.1 The small holder scheme
3.5.2 The out-grower scheme
3.5.3 The lease-back system3.7 Seed availability and production
3.8 Pests and diseases
3.9 Research3.9.1 Species trials
3.9.2 Seeds and seedling production
3.9.3 Pests and diseases3.10 Quality and consistency of forest plantation management
4 Promotion of tree plantations
4.2.1 Markets and prices
4.2.2 Industrial capacity
4.2.3 Plantation area required
4.2.4 Economic and financial analysis4.3.1 Legal and policy issues
4.3.2 Restructuring of the Forestry Department and the District Assemblies4.4.1 Land tenure
4.4.2 Tree tenure
4.4.3 Land and tree tenure in forest reserves
4.4.4 Effect of natural forest exploitation on farmers
6.1 Access to funds
6.2 Silviculture
6.3 Suggested policy reforms
6.4 Forest industry re-orientation
6.5 Training of stakeholders and extension services
6.6 Perceived incentives for plantation development
6.7 Future plantation research requirements
Appendix 1. Area estimates of the major hardwood plantations in Ghana
Appendix 2. Sample tree growth data - Selected FORIG research plots and others areas
Appendix 4. Species recommendation for the HFZ by the FD