Domestic animals and their wild counterparts
Domestic form |
Wild progenitor |
First domestication |
Distribution of wild progenitor | |||
Common |
Scientific |
Common |
Scientific |
Date |
Place |
|
MAMMALS |
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Carnivora |
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Dog |
Canis familiaris |
Wolf |
Canis lupus |
12000 BC |
Iraq |
Northern hemisphere |
Perissodactyla |
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Horse |
Equus caballus |
Wild horse |
Equus ferus |
3500 BC |
Southern Ukraine |
Russia, Central Asia |
Donkey |
Equus asinus |
African ass |
Equus Africanus |
4000 BC |
Egypt |
North Africa, possibly West Asia |
Artiodactyla |
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Pig |
Sus domesticus |
Wild boar |
Sus scrofa |
7000 BC |
Turkey |
Europe, Asia and North Africa |
Llama |
Lama lama |
Guanaco? |
Possibly Lama guanicoe |
4000 BC |
Andes: Lake Junin and Lake Titicaca |
South America: Andes |
Alpaca |
Lama pacos |
Guanaco? |
Lama sp. |
4000 BC |
Andes: Lake Junin region |
South America: Andes |
Dromedary |
Camelus dromedarius |
Dromedary |
Camelus sp. |
3000 BC |
West Asia |
Asia, possibly North Africa |
Bactrian camel |
Camelus bactrianus |
Bactrian camel |
Camelus ferus |
3000 BC |
Central Asia |
Russia, Central Asia |
Reindeer |
Rangifer tarandus |
Caribou |
Rangifer tarandus |
Not known |
Not known |
Arctic, sub-Arctic |
Water buffalo |
Bubalus bubalis |
Wild buffalo |
Bubalus arnee |
Not known |
China/ Southeast Asia |
India, Southeast Asia |
Cattle (taurine) |
Bos taurus |
Aurochs |
Bos primigenius |
6200 BC |
Turkey |
Europe, Asia, North Africa |
Cattle (zebu) |
Bos indicus |
Bos primigenius namadicus |
<4000 BC |
India? |
India/Southeast Asia | |
Yak |
Poephagus grunniens |
Yak |
Poephagus mutus |
Not known |
Not known |
Tibet, Himalayas |
Goat |
Capra hircus |
Wild goat |
Capra aegagrus |
7-8000 BC |
West Asia |
West Asia |
Sheep |
Ovis aries |
Mouflon |
Ovis orientalis |
7-8000 BC |
West Asia |
West Asia |
BIRDS |
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Anseriformes |
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Goose |
Anser anser |
Greylag goose |
Anser anser |
<500 BC |
Europe, Central Asia |
North Europe, North Asia to Northwest Africa |
Chinese goose |
Anser cygnoides |
Swan goose |
Anser cygnoides |
<500 BC |
China? |
Europe, Asia, North America, North Africa |
Muscovy duck |
Cairina moschata |
Mexico to Peru and Uruguay | ||||
Mallard duck |
Anas platyrhynchos |
500 BC |
Europe, Asia, North America, North Africa | |||
Sources: Groombridge, 1992: 390; Browman, 1989: 265.
