10.1 Instruction sheet 1: standardisation and unitisation
Objectives:
Materials:
Most of these blocks can be cut from one length (210 cm) of a plank with the size of 3 cm x 4 cm. Further to that a length of 12 cm with size 10 cm x 1 cm and a length of 50 cm with size 3 cm x 3 cm are needed. For the last 8 blocks on the list it is suggested to take a length of 50 cm with size 4 cm x 2 cm and to plain this plank to size 3.30 cm x 1.84 cm before cutting into 8 blocks.
Clearly mark the blocks with 'BOTTOM' and 'TOP'. Mark the cubes on one side of each cube with their size, being 10 times the scale size. For example 60 x 40 x 30.
FIG.1.Mixed load layer concept
FIG.2.Stacking pattern per layer
Instruction:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The surface of the plank is 120 cm x 100 cm =12,000 cm2 . The surface of a banana box is 50.8 cm x 33.0 cm = 1,676 cm2 . Thus the banana boxes together, as you placed them on the plank will occupy:
........ cubes x 1676 cm2 = cm2.
The efficiency is:
Surface all boxes
cm2
.. . x 100% = . .x 100% = %
Surface plank 12,000 cm
10.2 Instruction sheet 2: cost calculation packaging
Objectives:
Remark:
The figures and data in this example are fictitious and may need modification to a real life situation.
Information:
A marketing board in the East Caribbean wants to introduce a new type of field crate. The crate will be used to transport the produce from the field to the packing shed.
The marketing board considers two crates, e.g. a locally manufactured wooden crate and an imported plastic stack crate, both crates are the same size 60 x 40 x 30 cm.
The following general data are available:
Extra data on the wooden crate:
Extra data on the plastic crate:
Instruction:
a. Hake a calculation of the running costs of each of the crates per trip. An empty sheet is attached to do the calculations.
b. Fill in the following table:
Wooden crate | Plastic crate | |
Purchase cost (g): | EC$/crate | EC$/crate |
Running cost (x): | EC$/trip | EC$/trip |
c. Which other costs or financial losses does the farmer, trader or consumer have to take into consideration when comparing the cost of different types of packages?
1
2
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6
7
8
9
10 .
Currency used : Exchange rate : 1 US$ -=
Date : .../.../19
Description crates: Crate 1: ...................
Crate 2: ...................
Crate 3: ...................
DESCRIPTION DIRECT COSTS CRATE 1 CRATE 2 CRATE 3
_____________________________________________________________________
a. Purchase cost F.O.B
b. Freight and insurance
c. Purchase cost C.I.F. (a + b)
d. Tax/duty
e. Purchase wholesale (c + d)
f. Distribution coat
g. Purchase cost user (e + f)
h. Total repair cost over life time
i. Total cost (g + h)
j. Average total runs
k. Crate cost per run (i /j)
l. Cost liner material
m. Cost label
n. Ready for shipment (k +l + m)
o. Handling cost, e.g. (un)loading
p. Transport cost (field to shed)
q. Cost delivered at shed (n +o +p)
r. return freight cost empty crate
s. Cleaning cost
t. Extra cost per run (q+ r+ s)
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u. Market value produce per crate
v. Estimated lose of produce (%)
w. Value estimated lose (u*v/100)
x. Total cost per trip (t + w)
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10.3 Instruction sheet 3: choice of packaging
Objectives:
Remark:
This example is only indicative and should be adapted to each individual situation.
Information:
An exporter would like to introduce standard crates to the farmers who supply the produce (mainly citrus, mango, avocado, sweet potato and eddoe). The exporter intends to import or manufacture the crates and sell them to the farmers without any profit. Most of the farms can be reached by small trucks. The following options are to be considered:
Instruction:
a. Give your personal preference (1, 2, 3 or 4) for each of the four crates.
Preference:
b. Fill in, on the attached empty form, the priority you give to each of the group of characteristics (column 1) and to each characteristic (column 2). The total of each of the columns must be 100.
c. Give values to the characteristics (column A) for each of the four different types of packaging. ++ =excellent; + = good; o = fair; = unsuitable; = extremely unsuitable.
d. Multiply the priorities (column 2) with the values (column A) of each of the crates and note down the result in column B. For example 8 times (++) - 16 +, 4 times (0) - 0. etc.
e. Add up column B for each of the crates.
f. Write the results for the different crates (as found in e.) behind the personal preference in a.
Does your personal preference correspond with the results in column B? If not, what may be the reason?
g. Compare column B of the two crates with the highest total and note the characteristics that differ most for the two crates.
CHECKLIST
CONTAINING | 1 | 2 | A | B | A | B | A | B | A | B |
1 Suitable capacity for the range of fruits, vegetables and rootcrops | ||||||||||
2 Easily handled by one person | ||||||||||
3 Standard design | ||||||||||
4 Palletization | ||||||||||
PROTECTING | ||||||||||
5 Stable when stacked | ||||||||||
6 Consistent dimension resist the pressure when stacked | ||||||||||
7 Good ventilation | ||||||||||
8 Protection during handling, transport and marketing | ||||||||||
9 Smooth surface material, no sharp edges | ||||||||||
10 Liners available | ||||||||||
11 Easy to clean | ||||||||||
12 Pilfer proof /closed with cover | ||||||||||
COMMUNICATING | ||||||||||
13 Easy to attach label | ||||||||||
14 Advertisment/ Brandname on box | ||||||||||
MARKETING | ||||||||||
15 Presentation | ||||||||||
16 Acceptable for customs control | ||||||||||
COST-MISCELLANEOUS | ||||||||||
17 Reasonable purchase cost | ||||||||||
18 Durable/Deterioration | ||||||||||
19 Repairable | ||||||||||
20 Consistent supply quaranteed | ||||||||||
21 Low cargo volume when empty | ||||||||||
22 Local manufacturing possible | ||||||||||
23 Transport/fitting an pick-up or handcart | ||||||||||
24 Loss of crates | ||||||||||
25 | ||||||||||
26 | ||||||||||
TOTAL | 100% | 100% N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. |