FAO FOOD AND NUTRITION TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES 1 Human energy requirements Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation Rome, 17-24 October 2001
UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2004
	Table of Contents

ISBN 92-5-105212-3
ISSN 1813-3932

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© FAO 2004

CONTENTS

FOREWORD
PREFACE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 What is new in this report?
1.2 Intended use of this report
1.3 Policy implications
References

2. PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS

2.1 Definitions
2.2 Sources of dietary energy
2.3 Components of energy requirements
2.4 Calculation of energy requirements
2.5 Recommendations for physical activity
2.6 Glossary and abbreviations
References

3. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF INFANTS FROM BIRTH TO 12 MONTHS

3.1 Measurement of total energy expenditure
3.2 Equations to predict energy expenditure
3.3 Energy needs for growth
3.4 Calculation of energy requirements
3.5 Catch-up growth
References

4. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

4.1 Measurement of total energy expenditure
4.2 Equations to predict total energy expenditure
4.3 Energy needs for growth
4.4 Calculation of energy requirements
4.5 Recommendations for regular physical activity
4.6 Infections and mild malnutrition
References

5. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF ADULTS

5.1 Factorial estimation of total energy expenditure and physical activity level
5.2 Estimation of basal metabolic rate
5.3 Physical activity level
5.4 Energy requirements and dietary energy recommendations
5.5 Older adults and the elderly
5.6 Recommendations for regular physical activity
References

6. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF PREGNANCY

6.1 Gestational weight gain and optimal pregnancy outcome
6.2 Determinants of the energy cost of pregnancy
6.3 Calculation of energy requirements for pregnancy
6.4 Special considerations for malnourished, obese and adolescent pregnant women
References

7. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF LACTATION

7.1 Determinants of the energy cost of lactation
7.2 Energy requirements for lactation
References

8. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

8.1 Biological questions: conceptual and methodological
8.2 Epidemiological and Community Studies

9. CONCLUSIONS

References

ANNEXES

Annex 1: Participants - Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation on Human Energy Requirements
Annex 2: Authors and reviewers of papers for expert consultation working groups, meetings and follow-up
Annex 3: Update on predictive equations to estimate basal metabolic rate
Annex 4: Software application for calculating populations’ energy requirements and food needs
Annex 5: Energy costs of activities

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