Safety assessment of GM food
Biotechnology provides potentially powerful tools for the sustainable development
of agriculture, fisheries and forestry, as well as the food industry. When
appropriately integrated with other technologies for the production of food,
agricultural products and services, biotechnology can be of significant assistance
in meeting the needs of an expanding and increasingly urbanized population.
While there is little controversy about many aspects of biotechnology and
its application, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have become the target
of a very intensive and, at times, emotionally charged debate. FAO recognizes
that genetic engineering has the potential to help increase production and
productivity in agriculture, fisheries and forestry. It could lead to higher
yields on marginal lands in countries that cannot grow enough food to feed
their people: rice has been genetically engineered to contain pro-vitamin A
(beta-carotene) and iron, which could improve the health of many low-income
communities.
However, FAO is also aware of the concern about the potential risks posed
by certain aspects of biotechnology, such as effects on human and animal health.
Caution must be exercised in order to reduce the risks of transferring toxins
from one life form to another, of creating new toxins or of transferring allergenic
compounds from one species to another, which could result in unexpected allergic
reactions.
FAO supports an ongoing science-based evaluation system that objectively determines
the benefits and risks of each individual GMO. This calls for a cautious case-by-case
approach to address legitimate concerns for the biosafety of each product or
process prior to its release. The possible effects on food safety need to be
evaluated, and the extent to which the benefits of the product or process outweigh
its risks assessed. The evaluation process should also take into consideration
experience gained by national regulatory authorities in clearing such products.
Careful monitoring of the post-release effects of these products and processes
is also essential to ensure their continued safety to human beings.
See also
Biotechnology (GM food) > Expert consultations |
