|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JAPAN
|
|
|
|
GENERAL
INFORMATION
- GNP per capita PPP$, 1998:
23,592
- Internal renewable water
resources: 547 km3
- Incoming water flow: -
km3
- Main food consumed:
- Rice
consumption, 1996:
93.2 kg/year/person
|
|
|
|
BASIC
STATISTICS
(Source: FAOSTAT on 4/6/2001)
|
|
1985
|
1990
|
1995
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
|
RICE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Area Harv (Ha)
|
2,342,000
|
2,074,000
|
2,118,000
|
1,801,000
|
1,788,000
|
1,770,000
|
|
Yield (Hg/Ha)
|
62,246
|
63,279
|
63,432
|
62,188
|
64,143
|
67,023
|
|
Production (Mt)
|
14,578,000
|
13,124,000
|
13,435,000
|
11,200,000
|
11,468,800
|
11,863,000
|
|
Rice Imports - Qty (Mt)
|
19,606
|
18,333
|
28,971
|
499,383
|
664,227
|
NA
|
|
Paddy Imports - Qty (Mt)
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
Rice Exports - Qty (Mt)
|
142
|
16
|
12,568
|
358,178
|
143,953
|
NA
|
|
Paddy Exports - Qty (Mt)
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
OTHERS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Population-EstimatesTotal (1000)
|
120,837
|
123,537
|
125,472
|
126,281
|
126,505
|
NA
|
|
Population-Estimates Agr Pop (1000)
|
10,486
|
8,893
|
6,736
|
5,685
|
5,371
|
NA
|
|
Agricultural Area (1000Ha)
|
5,879
|
5,743
|
5,538
|
5,405
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
irrigation - Agricultural Area (1000Ha)
|
2,952
|
2,846
|
2,745
|
2,679
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
Total Fertilizers Consumption (Mt)
|
2,034,000
|
1,839,000
|
1,641,200
|
1,420,000
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
Tractors Agric Total In Use (Number)
|
1,853,600
|
2,142,210
|
2,123,000
|
2,210,000
|
NA
|
NA
|
Back to Top
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PRODUCTION
ZONE, ECOLOGY AND SEASON
|
|
|
|
|
|
Major Production Zones
|
Harvested area (% total harvested
area)
|
|
Hokkaido
|
8.84%
|
|
Niigata
|
6.11%
|
|
Akita
|
4.94%
|
|
Miyagi
|
4.32%
|
|
Fukushima
|
4.21%
|
|
Ibaraki
|
3.99%
|
|
Tochigi
|
3.95%
|
|
Yamagata
|
3.84%
|
|
Iwate
|
3.70%
|
|
Aomori
|
3.31%
|
|
Chiba
|
3.13%
|
|
Hyogo
|
2.85%
|
|
Fukuoka
|
2.83%
|
|
|
|
Planting
|
Harvesting
|
|
Main season, North
|
5-6
|
8-9
|
|
Main season, Central
|
4-5
|
8-10
|
|
Main season, South
|
4-5
|
9-11
|
Back to Top
|
|
|
|
CROP
MANAGEMENT
Rice-wheat and rice-other crops patterns are
practiced. Mechanical transplanting is the dominant
method of crop establishment. Direct seeding is used in
some limited extend.
|
|
|
|
PLANTED
VARIETIES
|
Variety Name
|
Released period
|
Location planted
|
|
Norin 6
|
1946
|
Chugoku
|
|
Norin 22
|
1956
|
Chugoku
|
|
Yamabiko
|
1966
|
Chugoku
|
|
Akebono
|
1971
|
Chugoku
|
|
Nakate-Shinsenbon
|
1971
|
Chugoku
|
|
Asahi
|
1939
|
Chugoku, Kyushu
|
|
Hokoku
|
1940
|
Hokaido
|
|
Norin
|
1950
|
Hokaido
|
|
Eiko
|
1952
|
Hokaido
|
|
Toyohikari
|
1956
|
Hokaido
|
|
Shinsetsu
|
1961
|
Hokaido
|
|
Horyu
|
1971
|
Hokaido
|
|
Shiokari
|
1971
|
Hokaido
|
|
Ishikari
|
1976
|
Hokaido
|
|
Kitahikari
|
1981
|
Hokaido
|
|
Tomoyukata
|
1981
|
Hokaido
|
|
Yukihikari
|
1985
|
Hokaido
|
|
Michikogane
|
1986
|
Hokaido
|
|
Ginbozu
|
1939
|
Hokuriku
|
|
Koshiji-wase
|
1966
|
Hokuriku
|
|
Todoroki-wase
|
1976
|
Hokuriku
|
|
Norin 1
|
1940
|
Hokuriku, Kanto
|
|
Koshihikari
|
1986
|
Hokuriku, Kanto
|
|
Aikoku
|
1939
|
Kanto
|
|
Norin 8
|
1946
|
Kanto
|
|
Norin 25
|
1956
|
Kanto
|
|
Norin 29
|
1956
|
Kanto
|
|
Honen-wase
|
1966
|
Kanto
|
|
Kusabue
|
1966
|
Kanto
|
|
Akinishiki
|
1981
|
Kanto
|
|
Musashikogane
|
1981
|
Kanto
|
|
Niponbare
|
1976
|
Kanto, Chugoku
|
|
Zuiho
|
1939
|
Kyushu
|
|
Mitsui
|
1940
|
Kyushu
|
|
Norin 18
|
1951
|
Kyushu
|
|
Hoyoku
|
1966
|
Kyushu
|
|
Nipponbare
|
1976
|
Kyushu
|
|
Minaminishiki
|
1986
|
Kyushu
|
|
Reiho
|
1975-79
|
Kyushu
|
|
Nishihomare
|
1980-84
|
Kyushu
|
|
Koganebare
|
1985-89
|
Kyushu
|
|
Rikuu 132
|
1939
|
Tohoku
|
|
Fukubozu
|
1948
|
Tohoku
|
|
Norin 17
|
1956
|
Tohoku
|
|
Norin 21
|
1956
|
Tohoku
|
|
Fujisaka 5
|
1961
|
Tohoku
|
|
Sasshigure
|
1961
|
Tohoku
|
|
Fujiminori
|
1971
|
Tohoku
|
|
Kiyonishiki
|
1976
|
Tohoku
|
|
Reimei
|
1978
|
Tohoku
|
|
Toyonishiki
|
1981
|
Tohoku
|
|
Sasanishiki
|
1986
|
Tohoku
|
|
Akihikari
|
1988
|
Tohoku
|
- Other varieties: Fukuhikari, Hatsushimo,
Matsuyamamitsui, Naganohomare, Sasaminori, Satohonami,
Shinanokogane, Yamahikari, Akenohoshi, Akitakomachi,
Akitsuho, Asominori, Chidori, Chiyohonami, Chugoku 102,
Doman-Naka, Fu-Kei106, Fukuoka1, Fukuoka2, H 87-88,
Haenuki, Hanaechizen, Hananomai, Hatsuboshi,
Hatsukoshiji, Hieri, Hinohikari, Hitomebore, Hokuriku
129, Hokuriku 130, Hokuriku 133, Hokuriku95, Kagahikari,
Kanto 138, Katsurawase, Kinmaze, Kinuhikari, Kirara397,
Koshiminori, Kotominori, Kusanagi, Kuuiku125, Milyang 23,
Mizuho, Mutsuhomare, Mutsuhonami, Mutsukaori, N 11,
Nan-Ei, Natsuhikari, Niigatawase, Notohikari, Oozora, OUU
324, Ouu325, OUU326, Ouu327, Saikai 168, Saikai 179,
Saikai 180, Shizutama, Tainung 67, Tomoemasari,
Tsugaruotome, Uzushio, Yoneshiro, Yukinosei, Yuukara
Back to Top
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FERTILIZER RESPONSES
|
Production ecology
|
Other information
|
Test range (kg N/ha)
|
Control rate (kg N/ha)
|
Control yield (T paddy/ha)
|
Rate at Maximum yield (kg N/ha)
|
Maximum yield (T paddy/ha)
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Fukuoka, with 101 P + 101 K
kg/ha
|
0-101
|
0
|
2.34
|
101
|
5.01
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Kagawa, with 101 P + 101 K
kg/ha
|
0-101
|
0
|
3.21
|
101
|
6.55
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Shimane, with 101 P + 101 K
kg/ha
|
0-101
|
0
|
3.07
|
101
|
4.28
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Chiba, with 122 P + 122 K
kg/ha
|
0-122
|
0
|
3.1
|
122
|
4.53
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Miyazaki, with 122 P + 122 K
kg/ha
|
0-122
|
0
|
2.18
|
122
|
3.19
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Nagasaki, with 122 P + 122 K
kg/ha
|
0-122
|
0
|
3.38
|
122
|
4.72
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Nagano, with 141 P + 101 K
|
0-162
|
0
|
2.09
|
162
|
6.61
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 61, Volcanic ash soils, with 300 P +
75 K kg/ha
|
0-187.5
|
0
|
2.72
|
187.5
|
5.54
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Akita, with 81 P + 81 K
kg/ha
|
0-81
|
0
|
3.12
|
81
|
5.25
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Oita, with 81 P + 81 K kg/ha
|
0-81
|
0
|
3.38
|
81
|
5.07
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Yamagata, with 81 P + 81 K
kg/ha
|
0-81
|
0
|
3.48
|
81
|
4.5
|
|
Production ecology
|
Other information
|
Test range (kg P2O5/ha)
|
Control rate (kg P2O5/ha)
|
Control yield (T paddy /ha)
|
Rate at Max. yield (kg P2O5/ha)
|
Max. yield (T paddy/ha)
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Chiba, with 122 N + 122 K
kg/ha
|
0-122
|
0
|
3.7
|
122
|
4.53
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Nagasaki, with 122 N + 122 K
kg/ha
|
0-122
|
0
|
4.56
|
122
|
4.72
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Miyazaki, with 122 N + 122 K
kg/ha
|
0-122
|
0
|
2.99
|
122
|
3.19
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Akita, with 81 N + 81 K
kg/ha
|
0-81
|
0
|
5.42
|
0
|
5.42
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Oita, with 81 N + 81 K kg/ha
|
0-81
|
0
|
4.65
|
81
|
5.07
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Yamagata, with 81 N + 81 K
kg/ha
|
0-81
|
0
|
4.61
|
0
|
4.5
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Shimane, with 101 N + 101 K
kg/ha
|
0-101
|
0
|
4.13
|
101
|
4.28
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Fukuoka, with 101 N + 101 K
kg/ha
|
0-101
|
0
|
4.86
|
101
|
5.01
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Kagawa, with 121 N + 81 K
kg/ha
|
0-81
|
0
|
6.5
|
81
|
6.55
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Nagano, with 162 N + 101 K
kg/ha
|
0-141
|
0
|
5.11
|
141
|
6.61
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 61, Volcanic ash soils, with 112.5 N
+ 75 K kg/ha
|
0-300
|
0
|
1.77
|
112.5
|
4.82
|
|
Production ecology
|
Others
|
Test range (kg K2O/ha)
|
Control rate (kg K2O/ha)
|
Control yield (T paddy/ha)
|
Rate at max. yield (kg K2O/ha)
|
Max. yield (T paddy/ha)
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Chiba, with 122 N + 122 P
kg/ha
|
0-122
|
0
|
4.51
|
0
|
4.51
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Nagasaki, with 122 N + 122 P
kg/ha
|
0-122
|
0
|
4.14
|
122
|
4.72
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Miyazaki, with 122 N + 122 P
kg/ha
|
0-122
|
0
|
2.81
|
122
|
3.19
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Akita, with 81 N + 81 P
kg/ha
|
0-81
|
0
|
5.05
|
81
|
5.25
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Oita, with 81 N + 81 P kg/ha
|
0-81
|
0
|
4.39
|
81
|
5.07
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Yamagata, with 81 N + 81 P
kg/ha
|
0-81
|
0
|
4.38
|
81
|
4.5
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Shimane, with 101 N + 101 P
kg/ha
|
0-101
|
0
|
3.64
|
101
|
4.28
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 51, Fukuoka, with 101 N + 101 P
kg/ha
|
0-101
|
0
|
4.37
|
101
|
5.01
|
|
Irrigated
|
Reported in 61, Volcanic ash soils, with 112.5 N
+ 300 P kg/ha
|
0-75
|
0
|
3.41
|
75
|
3.64
|
Back to Top
|
|
|
|
MAIN
PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS
Rice production is declining due to steady
decrease in the harvested area. There are several
constraints to sustainable rice production in Japan.
Following are the major ones:
- High production costs and low return from rice
production
- Diminishing and graying number of rice farmers
- Due to already high national yield, further increase
in rice yield requires the development and use of novel
technologies
- Low temperature, especially in northern
provinces
- Typhoons especially in southern provinces
- Increasing nutrient deficiency due to decreasing use
of organic (farm manure) fertilizers and increasing crop
intensification
- Weed, insects, and diseases- especially blast
- High environmental conservation standard required by
population
- Popular preference to high grain quality
Back to Top
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SELECTED
INFORMATION ON PRODUCTION COSTS
|
Year
|
Ecology
|
Region, Season, Other
|
Yield (T/ha)
|
Cost ($/ha)
|
Cost ($/T)
|
|
87-89
|
IRR
|
-
|
6.51
|
6632
|
1019
|
|
93
|
IRR
|
-
|
5.93
|
12771
|
2153
|
Back to Top
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SELETED
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTIONS
- Chugoku National
Agricultural Experiment Station, Fukuyama, Hiroshima-ken,
721 Japan
- College of Agriculture,
Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997 Japan.
- Daiichi Seed Co. Ltd. ;
33, 4-chome, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku 158 Tokyo, Tokyo ;
Phone: 700-3341 ; Telex: 2466862
- Faculty of Agriculture,
Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan. Tel 81 75 753 6042.
Fax 81 75 753 6065
- Faculty of Agriculture,
Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464
Japan
- Food and Agriculture
Policy Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Yushima
Tokyo Bldg, 37-4 Yushima 3-chome, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 113
Japan. Tel 03-3839-6802. Fax 03-3893-6803
- Genetic Stock Center,
National Insitute of Genetics, Misima, 411
Japan
- Genetics and Plant
Breeding Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Osaka
Prefectural University, Sakai, 591 Japan
- H. Hasegawa, Shiga
Prefectural University, Environmental Science,
Yasaka-machi 2500, Hikone, 522 Japan
- Hokkaido National
Agricultural Experiment Station ; Hitsujigaoka,
Toyohira-ku 06101 Sapporo Hokkaido
- Institute for
Agricultural and Biological Science, Okayama University,
Kurashiki, 710 Japan
- Itoh C. & Co. Ltd.
Minzoguchi Food Division ; 68, 4-Chomekita-ky
Utaro-machi, Higashi-ku 530 Osaka, Osaka ; Phone:
241-2121 ; Telex: 5222043
- Japan International
Center for Agricultural Sciences, (JIRCAS), 1-2 Ohwashi,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Tel 81 298 386346. Fax 81 298
386342
- Konki Trading Co. Ltd.
2-5 Shimo-hiroicho Nagoya-shi Aichi
- Laboratory of Plant
Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of
Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113 Japan
- National Food Research
Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries, 2-1-1 Kannondai, 305 Tsukuba, Japan. Tel
(0298) 388102. Fax (0298) 384996
- National Insitute of
Agrobiological Resources, Tsukuba Science City,
Ibaraki-ken, 305 Japan
- National Institute of
Agrobiological Resources, Department of Genetic Resources
; Kannondai 2-1-2 305 Tsukuba Ibaraki ; Phone: (298)
38-7461 ; Fax : (81-298) 38-7408
- Plant Breeding
Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokaido University,
Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo, 060 Japan
- Plant Breeding
Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Universitu of
Ryukyus, Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-01
Japan
- Plant Breeding
Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University,
Hakozaki, Fukuoka, 812 Japan
- Plant Breeding
Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University,
Tsutsumidori, Sendai, 980 Japan
- Tohoku Seed Co. Ltd. ;
Tohoku Tochigi ; Telex: 3522296
- Wako Koeki Co. Ltd. ;
6-1, 1-chome Hachobori 104 Chuo-ku Tokyo ; Phone:
552-8281 ; Telex: J22215
Back to Top
|
|
|
|
|
|
