Decentralisation of decision making

Political interference in agricultural sector 

Limited resources

Existing training institutions

Limited support to extension services 

Weak research-extension-farmer linkages

Encourage private sector to contribute towards funding for extension & improve infrastructure

Regional collaboration in place

Lack of infrastructure to spread technologies

Encourage the private sector to facilitate research-extension-farmer linkages

Low incentive to extension & research service

Provide incentive to progressive research & extension staff

Policy on National Environmental Programme 

National Soil & Water Conservation Programme

High taxes on imported inputs

Review tax policies on conservation tillage technologies

Established village / farmer groups

Few village artisans

Target credit to artisans

Established mass communication systems

Lack of refresher training on conservation tillage for extension workers

Incorporate conservation tillage in curriculum development

Formation of research-extension-farmer linkage committies 

Co-ordination of stakeholders

Lack of organised markets of many food crop products

Market oriented production policy 

There should be a policy to regulate the production of a particular crop at a particular time to control glut

Privatisation of agricultural input sales  

Involvement of private sector in contill technology promotion 

Privatisation of seed industry (SGA)

Unfavourable land tenure system

Reform for land tenure system 

Policy to monitor which agricultural inputs should be accepted in the country 

Importation of agricultural inputs must be guided

Formation of farmers groups (GNAFF)

No policy on bush burning

Need to enforce laws against bush burning and free ranging livestock

Availability of research information

Lack of focus on new technologies in school curriculum

Educational curriculum should address contill at all levels

Infrastructural development being put in place 

Establishment of VIP / ETP / FPP 

Self Help

Reduction in the turnout of extension staff in agricultural institutions 

Inadequate support for research and extension 

Conflict of ideas amongst policy makers, i.e. importation of tractors / herbicides

Agricultural inputs should be subsidised 

Need to support private sector for development of contill implements 

Enforcement of education, research and extension programmes on weed management

Decentralisation policy being developed (GRP) 

Improvement in communication network (radio & tv) 

Development of inventory credit system to assist in marketing 

Favourable Government / NGO relationship 

Relative stability in Government

External influence on agriculture policy 

- structrual adjustment 

- removal of subsidies 

- no clear cut policy on exports of 

farmers produce 

Weakness of consideration of weed science / education, research & extension institutions

Addressing resource conservation at large 

Community motivated conservancies caring for defined areas 

Landcare educational programme 

Support of research & extension departments by Government 

Liberalisation of economy

Poorly planned land resettlement 

Common ownership of natural resources 

No incentives, i.e. economic benefit 

Contill not included in educational syllabus 

Not enough research on contill technologies 

Compartmentalisation of research & extension 

Lack of industry involvement in policy & planning 

Enforcement of conservation policy is poor 

Lack of policy 

Political interference’s (agendas) 

Lack of commitment on the part of government officials to support CT 

Inadequate legislation 

Liberalisation of economy

Development of a national strategy for conservation farming 

Involvement of all stakeholders in policy formulations 

Land tenure needs revision 

Resettlement based on proper biological, physical and socio-economic plans 

Provide title deeds in communal areas 

Communal land use planning by all stakeholders 

Restrictions on cultivation practices (e.g. slope, CT systems) on resettled land 

Involve the private sector in research & extension services 

Credit policies favouring CT 

Create institutional arrangements for  

co-ordination, monitoring & co-operation for research extension and farmers 

Institutionalise participatory approaches 

Clear articulation on CT implementation and management 

More allocation of funds towards CT activities 

Total support from authorities toward the implementation of CT 

Incentives for those involved in CT required 

Thorough national awareness campaign 

Inclusion as a priority subject at all educational levels 

Adopt policies enabling the implementation of community by-laws

Research priority in conservation tillage system 

Partnership between industry, farmers, research & extension

Lack of funding

Reinforce in all countries

On-farm research involving extension, farmers & research 

Banks and industry involved in extension

Insufficient support for small holders

Policies to protect small holders

Subsidising policy only for development starting CT 

Strong training process for farmers and extension

Low crop rentability

Reinforce in all countries

Legal soil use protection (no plowing) 

All community involvement in CT

Agricultural products pricing policies

Reinforce in all countries 

Legal protection of natural resources

Applied research based on planned watershed units

Weak farmer organisation

Farm, extension and community training in CT

Farmers decide upon applied research implementation projects

Abuse of natural resources (knowledge & awareness legal) 

Weak or no extension service 

CT technology is not applied in many regions 

Small holders in low potential areas 

Farmers unconscious of CT benefits (cover crops, rotation, etc.)

Reinforce in all countries 

Farm, extension and community training in CT 

Special incentives to farmers for CT implementation