Table 3. Phenolic substrates of PPO in fruits, vegetables, and seafoods.
|
Source |
Phenolic substrates |
|
Apple |
chlorogenic acid (flesh), catechol, catechin (peel), caffeic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, p-cresol, 4-methyl catechol, leucocyanidin, p-coumaric acid, flavonol glycosides |
|
Apricot |
isochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 4-methyl catechol, chlorogenic acid, catechin, epicatechin, pyrogallol, catechol, flavonols, p-coumaric acid derivatives |
|
Avocado |
4-methyl catechol, dopamine, pyrogallol, catechol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, DOPA |
|
Banana |
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (Dopamine), leucodelphinidin, leucocyanidin |
|
Cacao |
catechins, leucoanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, complex tannins |
|
Coffee beans |
chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid |
|
Eggplant |
chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, cinnamic acid derivatives |
|
Grape |
catechin, chlorogenic acid, catechol, caffeic acid, DOPA, tannins, flavonols, protocatechuic acid, resorcinol, hydroquinone, phenol |
|
Lettuce |
tyrosine, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid derivatives |
|
Lobster |
tyrosine |
|
Mango |
dopamine-HCl, 4-methyl catechol, caffeic acid, catechol, catechin, chlorogenic acid, tyrosine, DOPA, p-cresol |
|
Mushroom |
tyrosine, catechol, DOPA, dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline |
|
Peach |
chlorogenic acid, pyrogallol, 4-methyl catechol, catechol, caffeic acid, gallic acid, catechin, Dopamine |
|
Pear |
chlorogenic acid, catechol, catechin, caffeic acid, DOPA, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, p-cresol |
|
Plum |
chlorogenic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, catechol, DOPA |
|
Potato |
chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, catechol, DOPA, p-cresol, p-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid, p-hydroxyphenyl pyruvic acid, m-cresol |
|
Shrimp |
tyrosine |
|
Sweet potato |
chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, caffeylamide |
|
Tea |
flavanols, catechins, tannins, cinnamic acid derivatives |