Table 3. Phenolic substrates of PPO in fruits, vegetables, and seafoods.

Source

Phenolic substrates

Apple

chlorogenic acid (flesh), catechol, catechin (peel), caffeic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, p-cresol, 4-methyl catechol, leucocyanidin, p-coumaric acid, flavonol glycosides

Apricot

isochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 4-methyl catechol, chlorogenic acid, catechin, epicatechin, pyrogallol, catechol, flavonols, p-coumaric acid derivatives

Avocado

4-methyl catechol, dopamine, pyrogallol, catechol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, DOPA

Banana

3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (Dopamine), leucodelphinidin, leucocyanidin

Cacao

catechins, leucoanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, complex tannins

Coffee beans

chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid

Eggplant

chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, cinnamic acid derivatives

Grape

catechin, chlorogenic acid, catechol, caffeic acid, DOPA, tannins, flavonols, protocatechuic acid, resorcinol, hydroquinone, phenol

Lettuce

tyrosine, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid derivatives

Lobster

tyrosine

Mango

dopamine-HCl, 4-methyl catechol, caffeic acid, catechol, catechin, chlorogenic acid, tyrosine, DOPA, p-cresol

Mushroom

tyrosine, catechol, DOPA, dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline

Peach

chlorogenic acid, pyrogallol, 4-methyl catechol, catechol, caffeic acid, gallic acid, catechin, Dopamine

Pear

chlorogenic acid, catechol, catechin, caffeic acid, DOPA, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, p-cresol

Plum

chlorogenic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, catechol, DOPA

Potato

chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, catechol, DOPA, p-cresol, p-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid, p-hydroxyphenyl pyruvic acid, m-cresol

Shrimp

tyrosine

Sweet potato

chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, caffeylamide

Tea

flavanols, catechins, tannins, cinnamic acid derivatives