The AgriBank-Stat inventory was developed by FAO and the German
Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) as a tool to provide key information
on some of the most relevant formal financial institutions in developing
countries that offer financial services mainly to farmers and farmer
households. The inventory includes various types of institutions:
Agricultural development banks
Development banks
Commercial banks
Apex and co-operative central banks
Most of them are members of regional associations:
- African Rural and Agricultural Credit Association (AFRACA)
- Asia Pacific Rural and Agricultural Credit Association (APRACA)
- Asociacion Latinoamericana de Instituciones Financieras de Desarrollo
(ALIDE)
- Near East - North Africa Regional Agricultural Credit Association (NENARACA)
Purpose of AgriBank-Stat
FAO and GTZ wish to provide international donors, decision-makers in
financial institutions and researchers with key information on the above
mentioned institutions. Even though banking services in many developing
countries have been enriched and improved by informal and semiformal microfinance
institutions, these formal banks have still a very significant outreach
in terms of savings mobilised from farmer households, and loan portfolio
to the agricultural sector. They are an essential constituent of the rural
financial market. However, information on their relevance, activities
and international relations are often not easy to obtain.
Many agricultural development banks failed in the past due to poor performance,
low repayment rates, highly subsidised interest rates and dependence on
government budget funds. Only few have provided savings facilities and
many have "undermined" rural financial development with their
injections of cheap money.
In the last decade policy and decision-makers in development banks became
aware of these harmful impacts and many of them shifted from directed
credit to the financial market approach. AgriBank-Stat enables
national and international observers to trace this process and to acknowledge
improvements. It might help to identify shortcomings and to formulate
steps of necessary reforms.
The inventory focuses on licensed financial institutions which make a
significant contribution to satisfying agricultural credit demand nation-wide.
Since the relative importance of the agricultural sector in terms of GNP
varies from country to country no thresholds of a minimum involvement
in agricultural finance have been applied. The database excludes intentionally
non-regulated financial institutions. Information on NGOs and other microfinance
institutions (MFI) can be accessed through other sources, such as the
"Microcredit Summit Campaign Directory" or the "World-wide
Inventory of Microfinance Institutions Institutions" compiled by
Sustainable Banking with the Poor (SBP).
Selection criteria in detail
AgriBank-Stat includes financial institutions which
a) are involved in rural and agricultural finance
b) have nation-wide relevance
c) are regulated (formal)
d) participate in international associations
e) operate in FAO member countries
Profiles of financial institutions
Each AgriBank-Stat profile tends to provide information on the following
topics:
1.
Address of headquarters; contact details which change
often (phone, FAX or email, contact persons) are given on a separate
page
2.
Date of establishment
3.
Type of institution
- Agricultural development bank:
min 75% of the loan portfolio is allocated to
the agricultural sector and it is principally government owned.
- Development bank:
min of 10% and less than 75% of the loan portfolio
is allocated to the agricultural sector and the bank is government
owned
- Commercial bank:
min of 10% of the loan portfolio is allocated
to the agricultural sector and it is basically private owned.
Main funding sources are deposits from the general public or
other commercial (non-concessionary) funds.
- Apex bank:
min of 10% of the loan portfolio is allocated
to the agricultural sector and the bank provides financing for
other financial institutions. There is (usually) no provision
of credit or savings facilities to private individuals.
Governing law:
banking law or special law (agricultural reform
law, co-operative law)
Ownership:
Government-owned, shareholder company, etc.
4.
Membership of international associations: only ADFIAP,
ADFIMI, AFRACA, ALIDE, APRACA, ICA, NENARACA, BWTP, Microfinance Network
5.
Table with key data (see further details)
from Annual Reports concerning outreach
and loan portfolio; the figures are rounded and on US$ basis. It is
aimed to provide general information on the size of the financial
institution rather than details about fiscal years, which can be easily
obtained by ordering the most recent Annual Report at the given address.
6.
Main activities and products
7.
Main sources of funds: funds with at least 10% of equity
and liabilities
8.
International donor support: credit lines from multilateral
and bilateral donor agencies; pure technical assistance is excluded
9.
List of publications: annual reports (whether audited
or not is mentioned in brackets), periodical
10.
Link to homepage, if available
References
The main sources of information have been:
The financial institutions' annual reports (audited or not) and homepages
A questionnaire sent out to 100 members of regional credit associations
Secondary literature:
ADFIAP. Without year. ADFIAP Factbook. Makati
ALIDE & FIRA. 1996. Crédito Agrícola y Banca de Desarrollo.
FIRA, Mexico, D.F.
APRACA. 1998. Profiles of APRACA Member Institutions. Bangkok
NENARACA & FAO. 1997. Agricultural Credit Delivery and Administration
Systems in the Near East and North Africa Region (Volume I-III), by
Mustafa, M.R. & Abdalla, Z.M. (eds.). Amman
ALIDE. 2001. Información financiera de bancos de Desarrollo de America
Latina y el Caribe. ALIDE, Lima (CD ROM)
FAO and GTZ acknowledge the contributions of participating institutions.
We apologise for any errors or omissions and would appreciate if you notify
us for correction and update.