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UNDECLARED ADDITIVES

Animal products are frequently contaminated with drug residues administered through the feed. Such feed additives may be used for disease control and the enhancement of livestock performance. Residues may also arise through contamination of animal feeds with undeclared drugs. The occurrence of these drugs is mostly due to cross-contamination in feed mills (Lynas et al., 1998). For example, medicated feed residues may be retained within equipment and then contaminate subsequent batches of feed. Under these conditions, levels of contamination may be low but sufficient to cause detectable residues in animal products. Lynas et al. (1998) examined the extent of feed contamination with undeclared antimicrobial additives in Northern Ireland. Of 247 medicated feeds, 35 percent were found to contain undeclared antimicrobials; and of 161 unmedicated feeds, 44 percent were shown to contain antimicrobials. The contaminants most frequently identified included chlortetracycline, sulphonamides, penicillin and ionophores. Sulphadimidine in contaminated feeds was sufficient to cause violative tissue residues if consumed by animals in the finishing stages. It is possible that feed contamination with undeclared antimicrobials is a global problem warranting further investigation. Drug residues in animal products are undesirable because of human health implications concerning allergies and the development of antibiotic resistance in disease organisms.