Food and agriculture have always been a central battleground for the deployment of new technologies. The power vested in technology to transform the global economic system has never been greater. The exponential technological changes ushered in by the so-called fourth industrial revolution can upturn all economic sectors, including food and agriculture. This essay argues that any alternative to this corporate-led technological food future must center the interests and livelihoods of peasant farmers, small farm holders, and indigenous communities who have been perennially pushed to the margins by previous technological waves and their disruptive consequences for the food system. It is, therefore, more urgent than ever to talk about the right of peasant farmers, peoples, and countries to define their agriculture and food policies in ways that establish direct, democratic control over the data of how they feed themselves and how they maintain land, water, and other resources for the benefit of current and future generations.