This is the proceedings of the third formal meeting on the project 'Development of White Clover' held by the FAO European Lowland Pastures Sub-network in Estonia in late August, 1995. The plenary papers, designed to set the scene, and the poster presentations, covering a wide range of white clover technology, are brought together in this publication. It will form a valuable reference base, not only for all members of the Sub-network, but for other researchers in Europe and elsewhere who are interested in the advancement of white clover technology (and indeed forage legume technology in general).

As a result of the research and development carried out by Subnetwork members, effective management guidelines have been devised with the aim of optimizing the performance and persistence of white clover, though one or two aspects require further elucidation. Thus the project will continue but in addition the Sub-network will undertake a parallel project based on the production and utilization of multi-species long term and permanent swards under extensive management.