生态农业知识中心

效率:创新型生态农业方法用更少的外部资源带来更高的产出

提升资源利用效率是生态农业系统的一项新属性,通过仔细规划和管理多样性,在系统各构成部分之间形成协同效应。比如,效率方面的一项关键挑战在于全球农田中施用的氮肥仅有不到50%转化为收获产品,其余部分损失在环境中,导致严重的环境问题。

生态农业系统改善对自然资源,尤其是丰富和免费资源的利用,如太阳辐射、大气中的碳和氮元素等。通过促进生物过程以及生物质、营养素和水的循环使用,生产者能够用更少的外部资源,降低成本并减轻资源利用所产生的负面环境影响。最终,减少对外部资源的依赖能够通过提升生产者的自主能力和应对自然或经济冲击的抵御力来赋予其权能。

衡量综合性系统效率的一种方法是土地当量比。土地当量比对比了两种或以上品种(如作物、林木、家畜)共同种养时的单产以及通过单作实现的单产水平。综合性系统往往展示出更高的土地当量比。

因此,生态农业通过必要的生物、社会经济和机构多样性,以及与时空的匹配来推动农业系统,支持提高效率。

 

Database

Cocoa is a key crop for many Indonesian smallholder farmers, who own over 90 percent of the country’s cocoa production land. However, cocoa bean yields have fallen from around 750 kg/ha in the 1980s to below 400 kg/ha over the last two decades, with ageing trees, pests, diseases, poor soil...
Indonesia
创新
2018
The initiative takes place in the central part of the Brazilian semi-arid region. Due to climatic irregularities, this region has a high risk of losses of rainfall-dependent crops, with low and poorly distributed rainfall over time and space. Soil conditions are also varied; most are shallow and contain little organic...
Brazil
创新
2021
This report presents the results of the International Fund for Agricultural Development’s (IFAD) stock-take on agroecology, an outcome of IFAD’s engagement in the multi-agency Scaling Up Agroecology Initiative launched in 2018. The report assesses to what degree IFAD is supporting agroecology throughout its in-country portfolio across the five IFAD regions...
报告
2021
Agroecology Newsletter of February 2021.
新闻通讯
2021
Rice-fish co-culture in southern China dates back more the 1000 years. The rice-fish co-culture system in Qingtian, Zhejiang Province is one of FAO’s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). Co-culture rice with fish provides both rice grain and aquatic protein. Rice-fish farming systems have tremendous potential for increasing food security...
China
创新
2018