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Сельскохозяйственные биотехнологии
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Вопросы Новостей касаются применения биотехнологий в производстве продовольствия и ведении сельского хозяйства в развивающихся странах и их главный фокус – на деятельности ФАО, других агентств / органов ООН и 15 исследовательских центров Консультативной группы по международным сельскохозяйственным исследованиям (CGIAR). Вопросы Новостей включают все секторы по производству продовольствия и ведения сельского хозяйства (семеноводство, лесное хозяйство, рыбное хозяйство / аквакультуру, животноводство, агропромышленность) и широкий спектр биотехнологий (напр., использование молекулярных рынков, искусственного осеменения, триплоидизации, биологических удобрений, микроклонального размножения, геномики, генетической модификации, и т.д.). В бюллетень новостей включены новые документы, которые доступны также на веб-странице, но для тех, кто не может их скачать или нуждаются в дальнейшей информации, предлагаются электронные адреса для контакта. Служба новостей начала функционировать в январе 2002 года, и все статьи, вышедшие с этого времени, доступны (всего за 9 лет их было 800). Новости и события с веб-страницы также рассылаются электронным путем, в форме электронного бюллетня FAO-BiotechNews, который издается на шести различных языках: арабском, английском, французском, испанском, китайском и русском. Для подписки на этот бюллетень необходимо направить электронное письмо по адресу: [email protected], с указанием электронного адреса, на который просите отправлять и на каком языке желаете получать бюллетень.
15/01/2003
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just published "Genetic inventions, intellectual property rights and licensing practices: Evidence and policies". The main body of this 110-page report is based on discussions at an expert workshop held by the OECD Working Party on Biotechnology on 24-25 January 2002 in Berlin, Germany. The workshop was entitled "Genetic inventions, IPR, and licensing practices" and was attended by over 100 private and public sector experts from 18 OECD countries. The objectives of the workshop were to assess the impact of patents on genetic inventions (i.e. patents whose claims include nucleotide (DNA or RNA) sequences) on access to the information and technologies covered by DNA patents and to discuss the challenges they pose for scientists, industrialists and medical practitioners. See http://www.oecd.org/pdf/M00037000/M00037885.pdf (685 KB) or contact [email protected] for more information.
14/01/2003
As part of their "Research at a Glance" series, which aims to provide concise, comprehensive information on complex research issues to researchers and policy analysts, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) has just published "Biotechnology and genetic resource policies" (edited by P. Pardey and B. Koo). This 36-page publication is the first of a series of IFPRI briefs on biotechnology and genetic resource policies. The six briefs included here cover research conducted by a team from IFPRIs Environment and Production Technology Division and several collaborators. See http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/rag/br1001.pdf (630 KB) or contact the editors ( [email protected] or [email protected]) for more information.
06/01/2003
The FAO e-mail conference entitled "What should be the role and focus of biotechnology in the agricultural research agendas of developing countries?" began on 13 November and finished on 16 December 2002. There was an open and positive dialogue from people facing diverse realities and holding a wide range of different views. Roughly 350 people subscribed to this moderated conference, where 67 people posted a total of 128 messages, which came from participants in Asia (34% of messages), Europe (18%), United States (17%), Africa (16%), Latin America and the Caribbean (9%) and Oceania (7%). Almost 60% came from participants in developing countries. The majority of messages were from people working in research centres or research organisations, universities or non-governmental organisations. The messages are available at http://www.fao.org/biotech/logs/c8logs.htm or can be requested as a single e-mail (size 237 KB) from [email protected].
05/01/2003
Two important updates have recently been made to the FAO Biotechnology website. The list of on-line documents published by FAO concerning biotechnology in food and agriculture has been updated to include publications from 2002 ( http://www.fao.org/biotech/doc.asp), while the webpage of biotechnology policy documents of FAO members has also been updated ( http://www.fao.org/biotech/country.asp). These pages are available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French and Spanish. For further information, contact [email protected].
04/01/2003
The report of the "Evaluation of the Codex Alimentarius and other FAO and WHO food standards work", commissioned by the World Health Organization (WHO) and FAO, is now available. This 101-page, wide-ranging review of the food standards work of the two agencies also discusses, in section 4.3.2, Codex`s experiences with addressing the issues of labelling and assessing the health risks of foods derived from biotechnology. See http://www.codexalimentarius.net (in English, French and Spanish) or contact [email protected] for more information.
03/01/2003
A first series of six sub-regional workshops is being organised by the UNEP-GEF (i.e. United Nations Environment Programme-Global Environment Facility) Global Project on Development of National Biosafety Frameworks from November 2002 to April 2003. The documentation for participants includes background papers on "Public participation and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety", prepared by the Institute of Development Studies, and on "Regulation of biotechnology: needs and burdens for developing countries" by J. Kinderlerer. See http://www.unep.ch/biosafety/documents.htm or contact [email protected] for more information.
02/01/2003
As part of the WIPO Intergovernmental Committee on Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore, WIPO (the World Intellectual Property Organization) is compiling an on-line, searchable database of biodiversity-related access and benefit-sharing agreements or contracts, with a particular emphasis on the intellectual property (IP) aspects of such agreements. The database is intended to provide a means of promoting understanding about the range of approaches that have been taken concerning IP and genetic resources, and may be used as a practical tool for providers of genetic resources who are engaged in negotiations concerning use of their resources. Agreements in the database can, for example, be searched based on the IP clauses involved (e.g. patents, plant breeders` rights) or the applicable law (e.g. national, regional, international). See http://www.wipo.int/globalissues/databases/contracts/index.html or contact [email protected] for more information. International regulatory frameworks concerning access to plant genetic resources include the Convention on Biological Diversity (see http://www.biodiv.org) and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (see http://www.fao.org/ag/cgrfa/itpgr.htm).
15/12/2002
A draft study entitled "The role of law in realising the potential and avoiding the risks of modern biotechnology: Selected issues of relevance to food and agriculture" is now available on the web. The study was prepared by L. Glowka at the request of FAO following the first session of the FAO Panel of Eminent Experts in Food and Agriculture which underlined the advisability of conducting a comparative study of national regulations concerning biotechnology, including GMOs, exploring the possibility and desirability of harmonizing such regulations. The study was put at the disposition of the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture for its 9th Regular Session held on 14-18 October 2002 at FAO Headquarters, Rome. FAO`s Legal Office intends to publish a revised version in its FAO Legislative Studies series. See ftp://ext-ftp.fao.org/ag/cgrfa/BSP/bsp19e.pdf (154 pages, 1.6 MB) or contact [email protected] for more information.
14/12/2002
FAO`s Fishery Development Planning Service has recently put on the web a paper prepared by R.D. Percy and N. Hishamunda and entitled "Promotion of sustainable commercial aquaculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. Volume 3. Legal, regulatory and institutional framework". The document identifies elements of a legislation that will encourage the emergence of a sustainable commercial aquaculture. The issue of legislating to cover the introduction of non-indigenous or genetically modified fish is also discussed. See http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/004/Y1802E/y1802e00.htm (29 pages) or contact [email protected] for more information.
13/12/2002
A symposium on "The co-existence of patents and plant breeders rights in the promotion of biotechnological developments" was held on 25 October 2002 in Geneva, Switzerland under the auspices of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). Some 185 participants from the public and private sectors from 55 countries, 6 intergovernmental organisations and 17 non-governmental organisations took part. The papers presented are available at http://www.upov.int/en/documents/Symposium2002/index.htm. For more information, contact [email protected].
20/11/2002
The 9th Regular Session of FAOs Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) was held on 14-18 October 2002 at FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy. The meeting tackled several issues related to agricultural biotechnology, such as Genetic Use Restriction Technologies (GURTs). It also considered a report on "The status of the draft Code of Conduct on Biotechnology as it relates to genetic resources for food and agriculture: Report of surveys of FAO Members and stakeholders". The Commission recognized the need to go ahead with the aim to maximize the positive effects of biotechnologies and minimize any potential negative effects or risks, and that the focus should be on biotechnologies related to genetic resources for food and agriculture and requested the Secretariat to prepare a study, in order to identify what is done in other forums, what remains to be done on the issues raised in the document, and which issues were relevant to FAO and in particular its Commission. The study "would help the Commission to identify issues on which it should concentrate in the future, with respect to a code, guidelines or other courses of action". The report of the meeting is now available. See http://www.fao.org/ag/cgrfa/docs9.htm or contact [email protected] for more information.
19/11/2002
The 1st meeting of FAO`s Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) acting as the Interim Committee for the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture was held on 9-11 October 2002 at FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy. The Treaty`s aim is to guarantee the future availability of the diversity of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and promote the fair and equitable sharing of all benefits. The report of the meeting is now available. See http://www.fao.org/ag/cgrfa/docsic1.htm or contact [email protected] for more information.
18/11/2002
In a press release of 5 November 2002, FAO announced that a new partnership to promote and coordinate global investment in the genetic improvement of cassava, an important source of nutrition in tropical countries, has been established. It aims to develop and use biotechnologies such as genomics to produce cassava planting material with improved traits. Founding institutions of this "Global Partnership for Cassava Genetic Improvement" include FAO, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center (ILTAB). See http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/2002/10541-en.html (in English, French and Spanish) or contact [email protected] for more information.
17/11/2002
The International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR) and FAO, in consultation with the UNEP/GEF (the United Nations Environment Programme/ Global Environment Facility), have jointly developed a "Decision Support Toolbox for Biosafety Implementation". This web-based toolbox is designed to assist policy makers, biosafety managers and other stakeholders in understanding and applying a biosafety framework for capacity-building and regulatory decision making. Feedback is welcomed on Version 2.0 of the toolbox. See http://www.isnar.cgiar.org/ibs/biosafety/index.htm or contact [email protected] or [email protected] for more information.
16/11/2002
The background document for the FAO e-mail conference entitled "What should be the role and focus of biotechnology in the agricultural research agendas of developing countries?" is now available ( http://www.fao.org/biotech/C8doc.htm). The conference runs from 13 November to 11 December 2002 and is the eighth conference hosted by the FAO Electronic Forum on Biotechnology in Food and Agriculture. To join the Forum (and also register for the conference), send an e-mail to [email protected] leaving the subject blank and entering only the following two-line text message: subscribe BIOTECH-L subscribe biotech-room4 Forum members wishing to register for the conference should leave out the first line of the above message. To access the background document by e-mail, join the Forum and retrieve it from the archives (instructions are provided in section viii of the Forum welcome text).
15/11/2002
At the 9th Regular Session of FAO`s Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA), held on 14-18 October 2002 at FAO Headquarters, Rome, FAO presented a document entitled "Potential impacts of Genetic Use Restriction Technologies (GURTs) on agricultural biodiversity and agricultural production systems: Technical study" (document 9/02/17/Annex - in English, French, Spanish, Chinese and Arabic http://www.fao.org/ag/cgrfa/docs9.htm). It focuses on GURTs within cropping systems, with reference to aquatic ecosystems, trees and livestock where possible. It distinguishes between various uses of GURTs: use restriction (technology protection), environmental contamination, and agricultural productivity contributions. Background to the document is described in document 9/02/17 - in English, French, Spanish, Chinese and Arabic at http://www.fao.org/ag/cgrfa/docs9.htm). The document was prepared using a study carried out at the request of FAO and co-authored by B.Visser, D. Eaton, N. Louwaars, I. van der Meer, J. Beekwilder and F. van Tongeren ( ftp://ext-ftp.fao.org/ag/cgrfa/BSP/bsp15e.pdf - 628 KB). For more information, contact [email protected] .
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