20/2006 - 1st.12.2006
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ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH | |
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Livestock's long shadow. Environmental issues and options
By: Henning Steinfield, Pierre Gerber, Tom Wassenaar, Vincent Castel, Mauricio Rosales, Cees de Haan This report aims to assess the full impact of the livestock sector on environmental problems, along with potential technical and policy approaches to mitigation. The assessment is based on the most recent and complete data available, taking into account direct impacts, along with the impacts of feed crop agriculture required for livestock production. The livestock sector emerges as one of the top two or three most significant contributors to the most serious environmental problems, at every scale from local to global. The findings of this report suggest that it should be a major policy focus when dealing with problems of land degradation, climate change and air pollution, water shortage and water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. Livestock's contribution to environmental problems is on a massive scale and its potential contribution to their solution is equally large. The impact is so significant that it needs to be addressed with urgency. Major reductions in impact could be achieved at reasonable cost.
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Preparing for highly pathogenic avian influenza
By: V. Martin, A. Forman, J. Lubroth Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) represents a threat to poultry industries worldwide and to people's livelihoods, and a potential threat to human health. The international community has vested interest in minimizing the spread of this disease. Countries may be under threat of introduction of avian influenza through exposure of poultry to wild birds, especially waterfowl. They may also be at risk from introduction of infected or contaminated poultry, poultry products or fomites. FAO and the World Organization for Animal Health have prepared this manual to help national animal authorities and other stakeholders prepare for a possible incursion of HPAI, detect diseases as soon as possible and respond as rapidly as possible to contain the disease. The manual offer practical advice on disease identification, pathology and diagnosis; detection, response and control strategies; and biosecurity measures to prevent outbreaks. It is an invaluable source of useful information for anyone involved in poultry-keeping and animal health practices.
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LAND AND WATER DEVELOPMENT | |
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Demand for products of irrigated agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa
By: P.J. Riddell, M. Westlake, J. Burke If irrigated production is to make a significant contribution to food security and economic growth in Sub Saharan Africa, it will have to be re-structured across the region as a whole. This is the main conclusion of a study undertaken by FAO to analyse the drivers of demand for irrigated production in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Steeply rising commercial food import bills for staple crops across SSA are indicative of the level demand that is not being met from domestic production. The increase of area under equipped/spate irrigation for the whole of Africa over the last ten years amounts to 1.27 million ha, which is equal to about 127 000 ha a year. This rate of growth has proved too low to have an impact on food import bills and buffer regional food security. However, within subregional trading groups there is scope for consolidation of market supply. Irrigated production opportunities in SSA could be realised where natural resources and markets coincide, but only through a great deal more attention to costs of production, price formation, effective water allocation mechanisms, economically efficient water use and strong, responsive institutions.
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ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | |
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Agricultural dimension of the ACP-EU Economic Partnership Agreements, (The)
By: Suffyan Koroma, J.R.Deep Ford The African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries are facing several major sets of closely interlinked forces that are likely to have significant impacts on the development of their agriculture (including fisheries) sectors and their food security situations. The possible conclusion and outcome of both the negotiations for Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) under the Cotonou Agreement (with the European Union [EU]) and the World Trade Organization negotiations pose serious concerns on the future of their agricultural trade and development. This study provides an introduction to some of the most critical aspects of the agriculture and fisheries negotiations including feasible approaches and options for the ACP to ensure that their agricultural and fisheries sectors reap maximum and sustained benefits with a view towards enhancing their food security situation.
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Food security and agricultural development in sub-Saharan Africa. Building a case for more public support. Main Report
By: Weldeghaber Kidane, Materne Maetz, Philippe Dardel This publication contains the main report of a study championing the case for increased public support to agricultural and food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It advances some main reasons why agriculture in SSA deserves more public support. SSA governments cannot and should not ignore the sector on which about 70 percent of their population directly depend for their livelihoods if they are serious about their commitment to the MDG1. On average, agriculture in SSA has generally performed better than most other sectors, except in countries endowed with mineral resources
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Trade reforms and food security. Country case studies and synthesis
Edited by: Harmon Thomas The linkage between trade-related policy reforms and food security is of vital concern to many developing countries. This volume summarizes the results of a study designed to show how trade and associated economic policy reforms have affected the agriculture sector and food security of farmers in a range of developing countries. The approach taken is to observe actual performance in fifteen countries that have undergone policy reform in the past few years, and to search for explanatory factors, rather than to project the presumed consequences of reforms through models of economic behaviour. The 15 countries selected are representative of different regions of the world, and different stages of development: Cameroon, Chile, China, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, India, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Tanzania, and Uganda.
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FOOD AND NUTRUTION | |
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Combined Compendium of Food Additive Specifications. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. All specifications monographs from the 1st to the 65th meeting (1956-2005). Volume 4. Analytical methods, test procedures and laboratory solutions used by and referenced in the food additive specifications
FAO JECFA Monographs No. 1 Vol. 4 This document is one of four volumes comprising the combined food additive specifications prepared by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) during sixty-five meetings held from 1956 to 2005. The first three volumes are the specifications themselves and Volume 4 provides a reference for the analytical methods and test procedures used in and referenced by the specifications. Note that specifications for flavouring agents are not included in this published version, but may be found in an online searchable database at the FAO Web site. The specifications in the first three volumes provide information on the identity and purity of additives used directly in foods or in food production. The three main objectives of these specifications are to identify the additive that has been subjected to testing for safety, to ensure that the additive is of the quality required for use in food or in processing, and to reflect and encourage good manufacturing practice. This publication will be useful to all those who work with or are interested in food additives and their safe use in food.
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DÉVELOPPEMENT ÉCONOMIQUE ET SOCIAL | |
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Restructuration et renforcement des capacités des institutions de développement rural. Document de travail
Institutions pour le développement rural nº3 Les nouvelles orientations de politique économique suivies dans les pays en développement se sont traduites à partir des années 80 par l'application de sévères programmes d'ajustement structurel imposés par les institutions financières internationales dans le but d'assainir les finances publiques, d'instaurer une économie plus libérale obéissant aux règles du marché, de réduire sensiblement le rôle économique de l'Etat, de promouvoir l'initiative privée et donner plus de responsabilités aux acteurs de la société civile. Ces nouvelles orientations ont conduit à la nécessité de restructurer les institutions publiques jugées inadaptées, inefficaces et coûteuses afin de les rendre plus compatibles avec les exigences du marché, de réduire leurs coûts de fonctionnement et d'améliorer leurs performances en les cantonnant dans leurs nouveaux rôles.
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PESCA | |
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Informe del Taller sobre Evaluación y Manejo de Elasmobranquios en América del Sur y Bases Regionales para los Planes de Acción (DINARA/FAO). Montevideo, Uruguay, 7-9 de noviembre de
Roma, 2006, 62 págs. Conjuntamente con la descripción que se realiza, en este informe se proveen diferentes cuadros que sintetizan parte de la información volcada en el taller. En la Sección 3 se describe brevemente cuales son las pesquerías que interactúan con los condrictios en cada uno de los países. Durante tres días se discutieron, por parte de varios científicos, diversos aspectos de la situación, el manejo y los planes de acción de elasmobranquios en los países de América del Sur. Estas discusiones permitieron concluir (Sección 4) en cual es el estado de situación sobre la capacidad de seguimiento, la evaluación y el manejo de las pesquerías que capturan elasmobranquios por parte de los diferentes países. En la Sección 5 se presenta la situación en que se encuentra cada país en cuanto a la elaboración de los planes de acción y su instrumentación. Finalmente se analiza cuales son las debilidades y las fortalezas que tiene cada país, así como cuales serían las necesidades prioritarias a nivel de la región en la investigación y la evaluación, realizando recomendaciones de carácter general para avanzar en la elaboración e instrumentación de los planes en la región.
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