APPENDIX 2

Surveys and Source Documents in Selected Fields

Introduction

This Appendix deals with the questionnaires and source documents used in collecting various types of fishery-related data. These forms should be modified in the light of special requirements and local conditions, and are largely intended to assist in the planning of surveys for a number of specialized purposes. A description of the disciplines and analyses for which the data collected on these forms are intended is beyond the scope of the present document, nor is it our intention to give priorities to the various discipline involved. It would be advisable before beginning full-scale use of one or other of the forms, particularly since a statistical survey design needs to be established, to seek advice from an expert in the field in question. Despite this proviso, the potential use of the type of forms included in this Appendix, and the types of information they are designed to record, have an obvious utility to anyone involved in the field of fisheries, and can be employed after local modification for information collection of an indicative kind, or for small-scale sample surveys prior to a full scale survey.

It should be borne in mind that although useful information can be accummulated by non-systematic data collecting, the basic principle applies that unless a census approach is adopted (all units sampled for all operations) which is usually impossible, valid conclusions having a known order of accuracy will depend on following some form of representative sampling. Thus, a known framework of sampling units which should be random at base, in order to avoid biases entering the data which of course, will also emerge in the analysis of results.

The main types of form included in the Appendix cover the following activities:

a. Fish production surveys:

FORM A: Frame surveys of traditional and artisanal fisheries.

FORM B: Aerial frame survey: traditional and artisanal fisheries (direct counting)

FORM C: Inventory of industrial fishing craft characteristics

FORM D: Masterlist of industrial fishing vessels

b. Catch and effort statistics: (logbooks and observer's vessel sheets)

FORM F: Marine fisheries production survey: (1) Logbook for trawlers

FORM G: Marine fisheries production survey: (2) Logbook for purse seiners and/or gillnetters

FORM H: At sea observer's check sheet (see page 28)

c. Size frequency data

FORM I: Length frequency recording sheet. (See page 30)

FORM J: Form for “weighting up” of measurements of many specimens from a limited sample to the whole day's catch. (See page 29)

d. Observations of fishing vessels at sea:

FORM K: Patrol vessel sighting log. (See page 31)

e. Socio-economic statistical surveys

FORM L: Cost and earnings survey of fishing craft and gear (especially non-mechanized craft).

FORM M: Cost and earnings survey (especially mechanized craft).

FORM N: Economics survey of fishing boats: questionnaire for owners.

f. Breakdown of operating time during fishing

FORM O: Time and motion study of fishing operation.

g. Household surveys and fish consumption

FORM P: Inventory of fishing households and fish consumption.

FORM Q: Sports fishing catch survey.

FORM C: INVENTORY OF INDUSTRIAL FISHING CRAFT CHARACTERISTICS

^a One form to be completed for each fishing vessel

FORM D: MASTER LIST OF INDUSTRIAL FISHING VESSELS Quarterending                 1984                

b. Catch and effort statistics: (logbooks and observer's vessel sheets)

For larger, fishing vessels, log books of the types shown in Forms F and G may be useful for direct estimation of catch and effort by species. One copy should be completed for each trip of short duration. For longer trips a line should be completed daily. These forms are in two copies: an original for the department, and a yellow copy for the fisherman. In some countries such logs are requirements for licensing, but voluntary completion often results in more reliable data, but the confidentiality of the information will need to be repeated. This approach is not well adapted for use on small boats. Here, an interview system is more appropriate.

Vessel …………………………… Horse power ……………………………… Date ………………………………
Gear …………………………………………………………………………………

FORM F: MARINE FISHERIES PRODUCTION SURVEY
(1) LOGBOOK FOR TRAWLERS

(*) Modify species/gear as required

FORM F: MARINE FISHERIES PRODUCTION SURVEY:
(1) LOGBOOK FOR TRAWLERS

FORM G: MARINE FISHERIES PRODUCTION SURVEY
(2) LOG BOOK FOR PURSE SEINER AND OR GILLNETTER

(*) Modify gear and species categories as required Substitute correct local names as appropriate

* Substitute correct local names as appropriate

Example of the type of form used for recording measurements of many specimens of the same species

b. General Information

(^a Calculated subsequently)
(F - Favourable U - Unfavourable N.A. - Not applicable)

^a Dot it at the end

d. Marketing

* See page 51, footnote 2

e. Earnings

^a These items need not be filled if the income is not divided in terms of shares

^b For mechanized boats and shore seine only

FORM M: COST AND EARNINGS SURVEY
(ESPECIALLY MECHANIZED CRAFT)

1. Fishing Boat Used

2. Main Engine of Boat Used

¹ Sakurai, T. (1974) Development of Fisheries Statistics in Thailand, Dept. of Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand

² B: Bargaining, A: Auction, F: Fixed price, O: Others (describe), E: Exporter's agent,S: Co-operative Society, P: Poiter, M: Middle men, L: Lorry merchants, O: Others(describe), Ex: Export, IN: Internal neighbouring market, ID: Internal district market

3. NUMBER OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN FISHING

(1) How many crew go fishing?

(1) Total                           (2) Family member (s)                           (3) Employees                          

(2) How many persons in family of owner work on land as permanent worker?

(1) Total                           (2) Family member (s)                           (3) Employees                          

As the job of crew members for above 2)

Ask details for 4.(1) above, including the amount of salary per month in the case of fixed salary.

Inquire whether or not the owner deducted the running expenses (ice, fuel, food, etc.) before divided the catch value among the owner and employees:

Cost and Earning Survey

(2) For the case a. above:

What kind of running expenses were deducted? (fill all items)

(3) For cases a and b above:

What percent of catch value or divisible earnings was shared with the employees? (enter the percentage share for employees into a or b above)

(4) Period of payment (✓ mark is inserted wherever applicable)

(5) Type of salary (✓ mark is inserted wherever applicable)

(5) Status of Fishing Operation

(6) Average Cost and Earning per Trip

(1) Total catch and earnings per trip

(2) Running cost, remuneration and charge for selling

(7) Other Costs for One Year

FORM M: (Summary Table)

(d) CE-S's of Complex Fishing Units

For complex fishing units (e.g., cooperatives) when boat repair/building, swine boats, and shore facilities concludes one unit and where fish processing is also taken place, a more detailed questionnaire may be needed for obtaining the complete spectrum of characteristics required. (Form N). In general however, a choice should be made between Forms L, M and N in designing the appropriate form.

I. Particulars of Owners

1. Full name:

2. Permanent residence:

5. How many fishing boats are in the possession of the owner?

Note: IN CASE THE OWNER OWNS MORE THAN ONE FISHING BOAT PLEASE FILL IN ONE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR EACH BOAT SPARE COPIES OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE ARE AVAILABLE WITH YOUR LOCAL AUTHORITY (SPECIFY NAME, ADDRESS)

II. Details of Boat and Engine

(2) Size of boat (specify length and/or tonnage):                         
Registration number:                          

6. Crewing

In addition to masterfisherman/skipper, how many crew regularly from?

What are the arrangements for payment of crew/or crew shares? Specify.

7. Design of boat:

8. Average number of crew members on board the vessel:

10. When did you acquire the boat? Month: Year:

11. In the case of second-hand boats, how old was the boat at the time of purchase: (years)

12. For owners of mechanized boat: was the boat mechanized at the time of acquisition?

13. How much did the boat cost? If purchased:

If built:

Cost of wood:

Cost of carpenters:

Other costs:
(excluding engine, sails, oars, nets, anchors, poles, lines, hocks).

14. What were the sources of financing the boat?

15. What is the expected future lifespan of the boat when you regularly clean and oil it? (years)

16. If the boat has been mechanized, when was the engine installed?

17. What were the costs of mechanization?

If yes, how much is the insurance cost per year?

21. In case you have received Ministry's credit, what repayment option have you chosen? Years:

If yes, what is your present bi-monthly rate of repayment?

23. Please give the costs and the average lifespan of the following equipment on your boat:

III. Repairs and Maintenance

1. During the last 12 months have there been any repairs or replacement of the following items:

If yes, please specify and give costs:

If yes, repair costs for engine:

repair costs for boat :

3. How often is the boat beached per year?
for cleaning only:
for cleaning and oiling:

4. What are the average costs of cleaning only:
cleaning and oiling:

5. For how many days is the boat beached:
when cleaned:
when cleaned and oiled:

Breakdown of Vessel Expenses

(a)   On a per trip basis (the last trip)

Expenses for a trip of                           days duration beginning (date)

Observer                           vessel name                          

Date                           skipper/interviewers                          

Location                           type/size/vessel                          

(b)   Expenses during last trip

Trip duration                           (days) beginning                           (date)

Items:

(1) Fuel used per trip                           (gallons/litres) at                           (cost) per unit

(2) Lubricant per trip                           ("     /     ") at                                     "           "           "

(3) Wages/shares per trip:

(a) Deckhands (No.                           wages                           )
(b) Engineer (No.                           "                           )
(c) Captain (No.                           "                           )
(d) Cook (No.                           "                           )
(e) Other (specify) (No.                           "                           )
(f) Vessel share if any (                           )

(4) Other payments received by Captain/crew by commissions/bonuses) Specify:

(v) Landings and Discards

(1) Landed value per trip

Landed weight and value of species/category A, B, C, (etc.) by vessel                          
(name) at port                           on trip                           from                           (date) to                           (date): weight of 1 unit of catch =                           kilos

(2) Discards

Estimated discards per ton of species A, B, C…..Z. (                           tons per day for a trip of                           days fishing).

(3) Catch spoilage

                          kilos of category/species                           landed with unit value of                           kilo.

(vi) Processing, Marketing and Export Sections

For shore plant, (optionally including company-owned vessels also), it is usual to divide costs of production into fixed and variable costs. In evaluating revenues and costs, and performance of an enterprise, the following types of information are useful:

(1) Revenues

(f) Breakdown of Operating Time During Fishing

Estimating the time spent in the various phases of the fishing operation can be important in defining the true fishing effort, and in evaluating the costs and benefits of present and alternate fishing strategies. A questionnaire of the following general form could be completed by interview of a representative sample of fishermen skippers.

FORM O: TIME AND MOTION STUDY OF FISHING OPERATION

(1) Travel time

Breakdown of Fishing Time

(a) Time searching
(b) Setting/hauling gear
(c) Time gear is actively fishing
(d) Other (specify)

(5) Time spent in port between last two trips                                          (days)

(a) Unloading                                          (days)
(b) Maintenance                                          (days)
(c) Purchase/loading ice and supplies                                          (days) Average turn-around time                                          (days)
(d) Awaiting improved weather/tide conditions                                          (days)
(e) Other (specify)                                          (days)

(6) Time that boat was not fishing since the time last year:
                                         (weeks/month) Reason:                                        

(7) Number of trips made since this time last year:                                        

(g) Household Surveys and Fish Consumption

Localized fish consumption surveys can be used for obtaining information on the inventory characteristics of the population size fishing in the area, and on fish consumption data. In these kind of surveys the survey subject is the “household”¹. It should be noted that households in developing countries are both production and consumption units.

The survey system used for data collection is stratified by sampling areas. Information from the sample households (hhs) is obtained by using the interview approach.

The sampling frame used for the selection of the sample in the survey can be either the data of a population census programme or of an agricultural census programme. For small areas, the census method might be used for data collection.

It should be noted that the results obtained from the surveys, as far as inventory characteristics of the fishing industry is concerned, must be double checked for consistency before being released. Usually, external data are available for “validation” purposes.

Data or purchase of fish are subject to various kinds of “memory errors” and a tendency to misreport on the part of the respondent. The results obtained should be treated as indications rather than as estimates of the magnitudes in question.

Form P provides an example of the format of the questionnaire that could be used for this kind of survey.

FORM P: INVENTORY OF FISHING HOUSEHOLDS AND FISH CONSUMPTION

(One form to be completed for each household interviewed)

Number of persons in household                           Number of persons who fish for pleasure, food, or                           part time employment                          

¹ The definition adopted by the UN for the Census Programme is as follows: the concept of “household, hh” is based on the arrangements made by persons individually or in groups, for providing themselves with food and other essentials of living. One hh may be either a one-person hh, or a multi-person hh. Hhs usually occupy the whole, part of, or more than one housing unit, but they may also be found living in camps, in boarding houses or hotels, or as administrative personnel in institutions.

Number of persons engaged in fishery activities (check off) other than fishing, such as:

Purchase of fish:

How many meals of fish did you eat in the last week (7 days)?

What kinds of fish did you eat and how much (1b)?

Crawfish                           Grouper                           Grunts                          

Conch                           Snapper                                                    

Turtle                           Jacks                           Other                          

(h) Statistical Surveys of Sport Fisheries

Sport fisheries have a wide range of coverage of several different types, e.g., organized sport fish tournaments, shore based sport fishing, underwater scuba fishing. It is clear that the less sophisticated types of sport fishing is more likely to overlap with subsistence fisheries, however the advantage of surveys of sports fisheries. especially tournaments is the general enthusiasm and interest of the fisherman, and the real possibility of obtaining detailed data on catch rate, species and sizes.

Surveys of shorebased sport fishing (other than tournaments), can be integrated partially with the main Frame Surveys and catch assessment surveys. An inventory of the number, size and type of vessels/gear used, number of fish tournaments, sponsoring organizations, species in incidental catch etc., is required for assessing the importance of organized sport fishing activities. From the perspective of the economic contribution of sports fishing to the local economy, other statistics would probably be collected by the department of tourism (e.g., on length of stay, expenditures on travel, hotel, food, excursions, etc.).

The following draft form (Q), confines itself to collecting information on the primary sports fishing operation, and can be used either for tournaments, or for individual excursions (filled out by fishermen or charter skippers).

FORM Q: SPORTS FISHING CATCH SURVEY

How many years have you been sports fishing in the islands?                           (years)

Depth                         (m)

Number lines fished                         depth fished                         (m)

Total No. strikes?                        

Remarks